RU2569146C1 - Method of mechanical and hydraulic recultivation of lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method of mechanical and hydraulic recultivation of lands includes maps preparation for pulp intake, settler for water intake, rock mass preparation from external and/or internal dump pits, pulp formation, pulp transportation to maps, rocks washing up in maps, water cleaning; water supply for pulp formation, and flattening of sides of the open mine working. Depending on depth and volume of the rock mass in the sump pits the lands are recultivated by single layer or multi-layer level, the maps are prepared on the bottom of the open mine work by backfilling of the filtering dams arranged by cascade with slope 5-6° towards the water settler, on them the water outlets are installed. The settler is arranged in deep part of the open mine working to gather rain, thawed and drain waters. The rock mass is extracted form the dump pit, crushed for the hydraulic transportation, mixed with water in weight ratio of solid and to liquid 1:3-1:5, at that water is used as per closed cycle. The pulp is injected via the distributed pulp discharges successively from top to bottom. The rocks washing up in maps is performed to the specified elevation, and finally the settler map is filled. The water is cleaned by filtration thought the dam body and by overflow over the water outlets. The water is supplied for pulp forming from the settler. Flattening of the sides of the open mine working is performed considering their protection against water erosion and direction of the lands recultivation.

EFFECT: reduced ecological harm during open production of the natural resources, combination of works relating recultivation of the disturbed lands with mining, and reduced recultivation time.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, can be used in open pit mining and other industries where large volumes of restoration of disturbed lands are required.

There is a method of restoring disturbed lands during open pit mining of mineral deposits (RU 2444628, IPC Е21С 41/32, published March 10, 2012), which includes separate excavation, movement and storage in separate soil dumps, and soil groups are laid periodically up to dump height 2 , 5 m when flatting the sides of the blade 25-35 °. Moreover, the lower part of the group with a thickness of 15-20 cm is a non-fertile overburden, the middle part of the group with a thickness of 10-12 cm is laid with a natural cultivator with a fraction size of not more than 10 mm and the upper part of the group is filled with organic fertilizer.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of loading equipment and vehicles, low productivity.

There is a method of reclamation of shallow quarries located in alluvial deposits (RU 2433268, IPC E21C 41/32, publ. 10.11.2011), including the extraction of building materials and the development of placers. The technical result is to accelerate the process of restoration of disturbed lands by increasing the stability of laid open pits to erosion processes, as well as by creating reservoirs in the worked out space with parameters favorable for restoring their biological productivity. To do this, flattening the sides of the quarry is carried out from the bottom up by adding them using stronger rocks taken from the bottom of the quarry. Filling can be carried out up to different vertical marks on the quarry, depending on the mining conditions of the deposit.

The disadvantage of this method is that a large amount of equipment is required for sprinkling.

A known method of forming and preparing external dumps and quarries for biological reclamation (RU 2359127, IPC Е21С 41/32, publ. 06/20/2009), which includes gross or selective overburden dumping, the device of the shielding layers, rough and fair layout of the surface of the dumps, flattening or terracing of slopes, covering a technogenic surface with a fertile layer, pre-sowing treatment, anti-erosion organization of the territory. In this case, the formation of the dump at full height is carried out by simultaneous dumping on the southern part of the quarry, starting from the western and ending with the east with 20-100-meter wide, steady, flanged terraces with storm spillways from the quarry, as its continuation is 3-6 times narrower, with slope to the body of the blade, on the opposite side of the blade. Moreover, the zero terrace is located on the day surface of the quarry side, onto which the removed humus layer of soil is stored from the calculated area of the dump, with the simultaneous irrigation of the laid rock with solutions of clay, pyrogenic conglomerates and other overburden in the drainage and waste waters of concentration plants. In this case, the root-inhabited layer of dumps and terraces is formed with an aqueous solution of removed soil, biologically active overburden, biodynamic preparations and other components.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the construction of terraces.

There is a method of reclamation of slopes during open pit mining (RU 2088760, IPC E21C 41/32, published on 08.27.1997), in which a number of blocks are formed on the top of the slope along its edge with dams, followed by filling them with a hydraulic mixture of potentially fertile rocks, starting from the unit farthest from the main pipeline. The height of the slurry layer in each block depends on the parameters of the block, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock and slurry, as well as on the parameters of the prism of the possible collapse of the reclaimed slope.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of hydraulic laying of rocks in dumps or disturbed lands (Nurok, A. A. Processes and technology of hydromechanization of open mining. M .: Nedra, 1979. - 549 pp.), Including excavation and preparation of sand and sandy loam using excavators, dredgers or dredges, pulp formation and transportation of hydraulic mixtures to a dump, hydraulic laying using a trestle and without trestle method of washing rocks.

The disadvantage of the existing method is the complexity and laboriousness of the alluvium system.

The aim of the proposed method is to reduce environmental damage with open technology for mining, combining the restoration of disturbed lands with mining and reducing the time of restoration.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a method of mechanohydraulic land reclamation is used, including preparing maps for receiving pulp, a settling tank for receiving water, preparing rock from external and / or internal dumps, forming pulp, transporting the pulp into maps, washing rocks in maps, water purification, water supply for pulp forming and flattening of the sides of an open mining excavation, while depending on the depth and volume of rock mass in dumps, the restoration of disturbed lands is carried out in a single layer or multilayer Mine, the preparation of maps is carried out at the bottom of the open pit mining by dumping filter dams, on which spillways are mounted, protected from floating objects, while the dams are erected in a cascade with a slope of 5-6 degrees towards the sump; a water sump is located in the deep part of an open mine, into which storm, melt and drainage waters are sent; preparation of the rock mass is carried out by sequential operations: excavation of rock mass from the dump, separation of oversized and crushed rock, crushing the rock mass to a size suitable for hydraulic transportation; pulp formation is carried out by mixing the prepared rock mass with water in a ratio of solid to liquid by mass of 1: 3-1: 5, while water is used in a closed cycle; the pulp is pumped through the distributed pulp discharge into the cards sequentially from top to bottom; the alluvial rocks in the maps lead to a predetermined mark and, as a last resort, fill in the sump map; water purification is carried out by filtration through the body of the dam and overflow of water through spillways during overflow of cards; water supply for pulp formation is carried out from the sump through a separate pipeline; the flattening of the opencast mining boards is carried out taking into account their protection from water erosion and the direction of restoration of disturbed lands.

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of mechanohydraulic reclamation of open pit mining. The following conventions are accepted in the drawing: 1 - cards; 2 - the bottom of an open mine; 3 - open pit mining; 4 - filtering dam; 5 - sump card; 6 - dump; 7 - separation, breakdown of oversized and loading rock mass; 8 - crushing of rock mass; 9 - pulp formation in the mixer; 10 - distributed pulposbros; 11 - water supply through the pipeline; 12 - loading machine.

Depending on the depth and volume of the rock mass in dumps, the restoration of disturbed lands is carried out single-layer and multi-layer.

The preparation of maps 1 is carried out at the bottom 2 of an open mine 3 by dumping filtering dams 4, on which spillways are mounted that are protected from floating objects, while the dams are erected in a cascade with a slope of α = 5-6 ° towards the sump card 5. A sump card 5 for water located in the deep part of the open mine 3, into which storm, melt and drainage water is directed. The preparation of the rock mass is carried out by successive operations: excavation of the rock mass from the blade 6, separation of oversized materials, their breakdown and loading of the rock mass 7, crushing of the rock mass 8 to sizes suitable for hydraulic transportation (the sizes of the pieces are indicated in the technical data sheet of the selected slurry pump or coal suction pump). Pulp formation in the mixer 9 is carried out by mixing the prepared rock mass with water in a ratio of solid to liquid by mass of 1: 3-1: 5, while water is used in a closed cycle. The pulp is pumped through the distributed pulp discharge 10 into the cards 1 sequentially from the top to the bottom. The washing of rocks in maps 2 leads to a predetermined mark and, last of all, fills the sump card 5. Water is cleaned by filtering through the body of dams 4 and by overflowing water through spillways when the maps are overflowed. The water supply through the pipe 11 for pulp formation in the mixer 9 is produced from the sump card 5 via a separate pipe. The flattening of the opencast mining boards is carried out taking into account their protection from water erosion and the direction of restoration of disturbed lands.

The proposed method allows to reduce environmental damage with the technology of open mining, combine reclamation with mining and reduce the time of reclamation.

Claims (1)

A method of mechanohydraulic land reclamation, including preparing maps for receiving pulp, a settling tank for receiving water, preparing rock from external and / or internal dumps, pulp forming, transporting pulp to cards, washing rocks in maps, treating water, supplying water for pulp formation and flattening the sides open mining excavation, characterized in that, depending on the depth and volume of the rock mass in the dumps, reclamation of disturbed lands is carried out single-layer or multi-layer, the preparation of maps is carried out at the bottom of the open an exhausted mine by dumping filtering dams, on which spillways are mounted, protected from floating objects, while the dams are erected in a cascade with a slope of 5-6 degrees towards the sump; a water sump is located in the deep part of an open mine, into which storm, melt and drainage waters are sent; preparation of the rock mass is carried out by sequential operations: excavation of rock mass from the dump, separation of oversized and crushed rock, crushing the rock mass to a size suitable for hydraulic transportation; pulp formation is carried out by mixing the prepared rock mass with water in a ratio of solid to liquid by mass of 1: 3-1: 5, while water is used in a closed cycle; the pulp is pumped through the distributed pulp discharge into the cards sequentially from top to bottom; the alluvial rocks in the maps lead to a predetermined mark and, as a last resort, fill in the sump map; water purification is carried out by filtration through the body of the dam and overflow of water through spillways during overflow of cards; water supply for pulp formation is carried out from the sump through a separate pipeline; the flattening of the opencast mining boards is carried out taking into account their protection from water erosion and the direction of restoration of disturbed lands.

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