RU2554924C2 - Dc motor with diagonal and round windings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used for creation of rotary motion of DC mechanical system. The engine contains two rotors rotating in mutually opposite directions with reference to the fixed axis which are installed mutually coaxially and implemented with the windings creating opposite oriented diagonal and round magnetic fields respectively on the right and left circles created by direct current in these windings located close to each other the turns of which are inclined to the planes of rotors orthogonal to the fixed axis of rotation of rotors and are evenly distributed along their annular (toroidally similar) volumes, and connection of these windings to DC source through the sliding slip rings is implemented so that formed diagonal and round magnetic fields are mutually opposite with the like magnetic poles.

EFFECT: creation of DC magnetic motor using diagonal and round configuration of rotor-stator or rotor-rotor magnetic fields (depending on design).

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Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to create rotational motion of a mechanical system at constant current without the use of unreliable elements - collectors.

Magnetization of ferromagnets with high coercive force (hard magnetic materials) is carried out in saturating magnetic fields or using a solenoid winding through which a unidirectional current pulse from charged high-voltage pulse capacitors is passed [1-3]. Earlier, the author proposed methods of the so-called skew-circuit magnetization of ferromagnetic toroids [4-5].

The term "oblique magnetization" was first introduced by the author of the claimed technical solution. Such magnetization of a ferromagnetic toroid occurs when it is placed in a saturating constant or unidirectional pulsed magnetic field, which is formed by a superposition of two separately created magnetic fields - toroidal and solenoidal, orthogonally oriented to each other. In this case, the magnetization vectors of a ferromagnetic toroid with a rectangular cross section are inclined to the plane of the face of the toroid in one direction in a circle. The projection of any such magnetization vector onto the axis orthogonal to the plane of the face of the toroid is determined by the intensity of the solenoidal magnetic field, and the projection of the magnetization vector (tangential component) onto the plane of the face is determined by the strength of the toroidal magnetic field. These magnetic fields are formed by the corresponding windings, included, for example, sequentially, through which unidirectional saturation current pulses are passed during magnetization of a ferromagnetic toroid or direct current.

In the event that the winding is located on the toroid around the guide of the toroid, magnetization occurs in it, the magnetic field lines are closed circles located inside the toroid, and the direction of the magnetic field lines corresponds to the movement of the dextrorotor. Such a permanent magnet with external ferromagnetic bodies practically does not enter into force interaction, since there is practically no external magnetic force field outside the toroid. If, in this case, the ferromagnetic toroid is placed in a solenoid surrounding it, the turns of which are located axisymmetrically to the axis of symmetry of the toroid, the latter is magnetized so that the permanent magnet N and S poles appear on its upper and lower faces, and the magnetic field lines from the north pole N the south pole S in the external environment also obeys the rule of the right-handed gimlet (when free electrons move in the solenoid conductor clockwise, as in the turns of the gimlet, its screwing indicates Lenie magnetic field lines reciprocating thumb). Such permanent magnets are used to focus electron beams in backward wave tubes or, for example, in electromagnetic speakers. As a result of the simultaneous superposition of these two different fields magnetizing the ferromagnetic toroid - toroidal and solenoidal - the so-called oblique magnetization of the ferromagnetic toroid is formed, which is then freed from its magnetizing windings.

The tangential components of two magnetized ferromagnetic toroids, the magnetization vectors of which are located at opposite poles of the same name, in addition to the known repulsion of such magnetized toroids from each other along their symmetry axis, which coincides with the projections of the magnetization vectors formed by the action of the magnetizing solenoidal magnetic field, will form rotational effects of toroidal magnetizing fields, and rotational acting on these toroids omenty have opposite signs, as specified in [7].

The claimed technical solution is based on the use of the interaction of static magnetic fields with the so-called oblique configuration (name entered by the author). As you know, the magnetic fields of permanent magnets are distributed in space in such a way that you can always build some surface with a continuous derivative with respect to the coordinates X, Y and Z, to which the magnetic lines of force of this field are perpendicular. However, in the case of a skew-circular magnetic field, such a surface cannot be constructed, as will become clear from further consideration. Therefore, the oblique distribution in the space of the magnetic field is a fundamentally new type of magnetic field.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a new type of magnetic DC motor using the oblique configuration of the rotor-stator or rotor-rotor magnetic fields (depending on the design).

This goal is realized in the inventive direct current motor with oblique windings using counter-oblique magnetic interaction, characterized in that two rotors coaxially mounted between themselves rotating in mutually opposite directions relative to the stationary axis are made with windings creating counter-oriented oblique magnetic fields, respectively on the right and left circles, created by direct current in these windings located close to each other, whose turns are inclined They are connected to the planes of the rotors orthogonal to the fixed axis of rotation of the rotors, and are evenly distributed over their annular (toroidally similar) volumes, and the connection of these windings to the DC source through sliding current collectors is carried out so that the generated oblique magnetic fields are mutually opposite with the same magnetic poles.

Achieving this goal is explained by the occurrence of a rotational moment between two coaxially mounted rotors with oblique magnetic fields along the right and left circles due to the well-known effect of repulsion of permanent magnets from each other, which increases when they approach each other with the same magnetic poles. In this case, repulsion occurs both along the axis of symmetry of toroidally similar rotors, and along all tangent to their generators. Current collection in the indicated windings rotating together with the rotors is carried out by connecting their terminals to the sliding contacts of the ring current collectors, which are fixed in isolation and motionless on the axis of rotation of the rotors, which are connected to a direct current source. The author called such windings oblique because they are distributed in a circle in the annular volume, and the cross-sections of the turns of these windings throughout the annular volume are inclined at a certain non-zero angle to the fixed axis of rotation of the rotors.

The invention is clear from the presented drawings.

Fig. 1 gives a diagram of the construction of the inventive engine, it contains:

1 - a ferro-substance in the form of a parallelepiped.

2 - winding, the coil sections of which are inclined at an angle φ to the flat face of the ferrite sample 1 with a rectangular section,

3 - a direct current source forming a saturating magnetic field for a given type of ferro-matter.

As a result of magnetization of a ferromagnetic parallelepiped 1, its magnetization occurs, the vectors of which are tilted with respect to its flat face at an angle φ (right-oblique magnetization). This figure explains the principle of creating a oblique magnetization of a toroidal ferromagnet - a ferromagnetic ring (toroid), if the parallelepipedal sample 1 is turned into a toroidal closure of its ends with each other with the formation of a ring.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the force interaction of two identical parallelepipeds of ferro-matter with their windings connected to a constant current source, as shown in Fig. 1, and located close to each other. Figure 2 additionally shows:

4 - an additional parallelepiped made of ferromagnetic substance with a similar winding 2, which is also connected to a direct current source 3, but mutually opposite to winding 2 on the parallelepiped 1. The parallelepipeds 1 and 2 are located mutually parallel to each other, and the main axes of the parallelepipeds (along their length ) are collinear.

Figure 3 presents one of the possible models of the inventive engine with rotor-rotor oblique interaction and contains the following elements:

1 and 4 - two identical ferromagnetic rings with a rectangular cross section,

2 - windings equally made on ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4 with a slope of the sections of their turns at a certain angle φ (not equal to zero) to the flat faces of these rings and connected to each other in the direction of current in each other,

3 - DC source,

5 - fixed axis of rotation of the rotors based on ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4,

6 - sliding current collector of the first rotor on a ferromagnetic ring 1 with a winding 2,

7 - sliding current collector of the second rotor on a ferromagnetic ring 2 with a winding 2,

8 - a common sliding current collector for the first and second rotors connecting the terminals

their windings 2,

9 - traverse mounting ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4 with rolling bearings,

10 - rolling bearings to ensure rotation of the first and second rotors relative to the fixed axis 5 in mutually opposite directions.

The directions of rotation of the first and second rotors are indicated by curly arrows, the distance between the parallel faces of the ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4 is equal to h. In series-counter-connected windings 2, current I flows, and its direction is indicated by arrows. The average radius of the ferromagnetic rings is shown as R.

, где Н_С и Н_Т - векторы напряженности соответственно соленоидального и тороидального магнитных полей. Скалярная составляющая этого дифференциального вектора F в проекции на торцевую плоскость роторного ферромагнитного тороида 1 и равная F=Fcosφ, где ф=arctg[Н_С/Н_Т], является той движущей дифференциальной силой, которая составляет вращательный момент, величина которого равна произведению интеграла ∫dF по поверхности торца S ферромагнитного тороида 1 на средний диаметр R последнего (предполагается, что ферромагнитные тороиды являются одинаковыми по габаритам). На рис.2 и 3 указано расстояние h между торцами первого и второго роторов на ферромагнитных кольцах 1 и 4.This figure illustrates the operation of the engine by the example of the force interaction of differential platforms at the ends of the first and second rotors located at a distance h from each other and having oblique magnetization with a mutually opposing arrangement of magnetization vectors. Moreover, each of these vectors is formed by a superposition of magnetic fields - a solenoidal magnetic field Н _С and a toroidal magnetic field Н _Т , which is generated from a direct current flowing in windings 2. The differential vector of repulsion force F of the first and second rotors on ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4 coincides with the direction of the total intensity vector H _Σ , the module of which $${\text{H}}_{\Sigma }={{\text{[<figure-callout id="2" label="H C" filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png" state="{{state}}">H </figure-callout>}}_{\text{C}}^{}+H_T^2]}^{\mathrm{one}/2}$$

where Н _С and Н _Т are intensity vectors of solenoidal and toroidal magnetic fields, respectively. The scalar component of this differential vector F in the projection onto the end plane of the rotor ferromagnetic toroid 1 and equal to F = Fcosφ, where φ = arctan [Н _С / Н _Т ], is the driving differential force that makes up the rotational moment, the value of which is equal to the product of the integral ∫ dF over the surface S of the ferromagnetic toroid 1 by the average diameter R of the latter (it is assumed that the ferromagnetic toroids are the same in size). Figures 2 and 3 show the distance h between the ends of the first and second rotors on the ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4.

Figure 4 shows a linear scan of a part of the interacting ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4 (toroids) with a skew circle interaction in a linearized representation to prove the occurrence of a nonzero torque.

Figure 5 shows a graph of the distribution of forces acting between the domain chain of one toroid relative to the domain chains of another toroid, obtained by calculation using the MathCad program and proving the occurrence of torque in the considered pair of magnetized ferromagnetic rings 1 and 4.

Consider the action of the claimed device.

First of all, we give an idea of the oblique distribution of the magnetic field in the space of the Cartesian coordinate system. Let the preliminary magnetization vectors of the ferromagnetic toroid be collinear with the Z axis, and the plane of the end face of the latter located parallel to the XY plane of the Cartesian coordinate system. When a ferromagnetic toroid is magnetized by a magnetizing current I from an adjustable constant current source 3, the corresponding magnetic lines of force in the body volume of the ferromagnetic toroid are located on the right or left circles depending on the direction of the current in the magnetization windings 2 according to the well-known "drill rule". Since the superposition of these two magnetic fields H _C and H _T , which are mutually orthogonal at any point of the ferromagnet, forms the resulting magnetic field H _Σ based on the principle of field superposition, it becomes clear that all the vectors of the resulting magnetic field H _{Σ are} inclined to the plane of the end face of the ferromagnetic toroid at some angle φ = arctan [Н _C / Н _T ], and the slope of these vectors to the right or left from the vertical to the plane of the end face is determined by magnetizing the ferromagnetic toroid, respectively, in the right or left circles. The oblique character of the generated magnetic field is due to the fact that all the exit points of the indicated vectors H _Σ from the end surface are distributed over its annular surface. Taking into account the effect of “freezing-in” of magnetic lines of force into the domains of a ferromagnet having a section Δs in the end plane (the transverse domain size is of the order of a micron fraction), the projections of the vectors Н _Σ onto the plane of the end face of the ferromagnetic toroid for two adjacent domains located on the same circle (coaxial toroid), constitute a small angle Δα _i = 2π / n _i , where n _i is the number of magnetic domains located along a given circle of radius R _i . When the distance between domains evenly distributed in the ferro-matter is Δr, the number n _i for a circle of radius R _i is n _i = 2πR _i / Δr. Moreover, R _MIN ≤R _i ≤R _MAX , where R _M1N and R _MAX are the minimum and maximum radii of the ferromagnetic toroid, respectively. Therefore, the angle Δα _i = 2π / n _i = Δr / R _i , and the index i = 1, 2, 3, ... k, where k = (R _MAX -R _MIN ) / Δr, that is, the total number of groups of magnetic field lines (domain chains) emanating from the plane of the end face of a ferromagnetic toroid of area S is

(при этом сечение домена Δs включает также и его окрестность). Векторы Н_Σ, исходящие из точек, расположенных на одном и том же луче с его началом, лежащим на оси Z (с центром ферромагнитного тороида в плоскости его торца), являются взаимно коллинеарными. Из указанного выше ясно, что не существует гладкой поверхности (с непрерывной производной по координатам X, Y и Z), которая удовлетворяет условию ортогональности к ней магнитных силовых линий. Поверхность, удовлетворяющая такому условию, в случае косокруговой намагниченности ферромагнитного тороида, является поверхностью с разрывами, то есть не отвечающей условию непрерывности производной по координатам X, Y и Z. $$k{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^k{n}_i\approx S/\Delta s}$$

(in this case, the cross section of the domain Δs also includes its vicinity). The vectors H _Σ emanating from points located on the same ray with its origin lying on the Z axis (with the center of the ferromagnetic toroid in the plane of its end face) are mutually collinear. From the above it is clear that there is no smooth surface (with a continuous derivative with respect to the coordinates X, Y, and Z) that satisfies the condition of orthogonality to it of magnetic field lines. A surface that satisfies this condition, in the case of oblique magnetization of a ferromagnetic toroid, is a surface with discontinuities, that is, does not meet the continuity condition for the derivative with respect to the X, Y, and Z coordinates.

As is known, the total force F _s acting between the poles with magnetic fluxes Ф ₁ and Ф ₂ at a distance d = h / sinφ, that is, along the vectors H _Σ along the entire plane S of the end face of the ferromagnetic toroid 1, where h is the distance between the ends of the ferromagnetic toroid 1 and 4, is equal to F _s = Ф ₁ Ф ₂ / 4πµ ₀ d ² = Ф ₁ Ф ₂ sin ² φ / 4πµ ₀ h ² . The magnetic fluxes Ф ₁ and Ф _{2 are} determined by the products of the inductions of the ferromagnetic toroids B = µ ₀ H _Σ by the area S of the ends of the ferromagnetic toroids, that is, Ф = µ ₀ H _Σ S [Wb], where µ ₀ = 1,256 * 10 ^-6 GN / m is the absolute magnetic permeability of the vacuum, H _Σ is the magnetic field strength at the ends of the magnets [A / m], sizes S and d, respectively, in [m ² ] and [m]. The force F _s decomposes into a normal F _⊥ and a tangent F _|| components calculated as F _⊥ = Fsinφ and F _|| = Fcosφ, where the angle φ = arctan (Н _⊥ / Н _|| ). It is clear that with decreasing distance h between the ends of the ferromagnetic toroids, the force F _{s of the} skew circular repulsion increases quadratically. The resulting torque M = F _s Rcosφ = Ф ₁ Ф ₂ Rsin ² φcosφ / 4πµ ₀ h ² . The maximum torque is achieved at φ * = 0.955 rad, for which the function sin ² φcosφ * = 0.385, and therefore, the maximum torque is Max M = 3.06 µ ₀ R (НS / h) ² * 10 ^-2 [J ], provided equal magnetic fluxes modules F ₁ and F ₂ toroids 1 and 2. The product quantities RS = π ² R _MIN ⁵ (λ + 1) ³ (λ-1) ^2/2 of the design parameters λ = R _MAX / R _MIN , where R _MAX and R _MIN are the maximum and minimum radii of the ferromagnetic toroids 1 and 4 [m], respectively, and for λ = 1.25 we have for the maximum moment Max M = 0.107 µ ₀ R _MIN ⁵ (H _Σ / h) ² [J]. So, for H _Σ = 10 kA / m, h = 0.005 m and radius R _MIN = 0.1 m, we obtain the maximum moment Max M = 5.35 J. If the speed of rotation of the rotors relative to axis 5 (Fig. 3) is equal to n = 50 r / s, then the maximum power of the claimed engine will be more than 1.5 kW with an engine volume of about 0.02 m ³ . As follows from the obtained formula, for Max M, an increase in engine power is achieved by increasing the diameter of the ferromagnetic toroids and bringing them closer together, as well as by choosing the toroid ferromaterial with high magnetization values, for example, SmCo ₃ ferrites having an energy product (HV) _max of 320 T. kA / m (40 million GS.e) [1-2].

Note that ferromagnetic toroids with the indicated preliminary magnetization with the formation of N and S poles at their ends are widely used in various fields of technology, for example, in the production of electrodynamics, backward wave tubes, in charged particle accelerators (electrons and protons), and the hadron collider at CERN e etc., and the methodology for creating such magnets with magnetization from a current source 3 is well established.

By changing the bias current I from an adjustable DC source 3, you can adjust the motor power.

The use of the interaction of static magnetic fields during oblique magnetization of ferromagnetic toroids 1 and 4 (Fig. 3) along the right and left circles requires proof of the occurrence of the torque of one toroid relative to another.

Let us consider the force interaction of at least one magnetic domain (domain chain) located on the surface of one ferromagnetic toroid 1 with all magnetic domains (domain chains) located on the surface of another ferromagnetic toroid 4, as shown in Fig. 4. If, under such a consideration, it turns out that the resulting tangent force applied to one of the toroids (having rotational mobility - toroid 4, with the toroid 1 fixed) from the other side is not equal to zero, then the same exact consideration will be valid for all other domains, and partial forces will add up, creating a cumulative torque. For such a consideration, it is sufficient to take some parts of the ferromagnetic toroids 1 and 4 and present them in the form of an equivalent linear construction, as shown in Fig. 4. Let the distance between the surfaces of toroids 1 and 4 be equal to h, and the angle of inclination of the central (axial) lines of force of the domains relative to the planes of the corresponding toroids is φ, and for domains A of toroid 1 and B of toroid 4 the axial lines of force are mutually directed. The distance between the opposite located domains A and B is equal to, as is easily seen, r ₀ = h / sinφ. The distance between domains A and C, when domain C is located relative to the vertical axis of symmetry passing through domain A, at a current distance x in the range - L / 2≤x≤L / 2, is r (x) = (h ² + x ² ) ^1/2 . It is important to keep in mind when calculating the presence of the directivity pattern of an elementary direct permanent magnet, which is the oriented domain [3].

This radiation pattern should be determined taking into account the established fact that the magnetic field along the axis of the magnet H _|| twice as high as H _⊥ across this axis. This well-known condition is satisfied by a diagram of the form H (α) = H _|| (1 + cosα) / 2, where α is the angle between the investigated direction of domain A and the axis of symmetry of the direct magnet (domain C). So, for α = 0 we have H (0) = H _|| , and for α = π / 2 we have H (π / 2) = H _|| / 2 = H _⊥ . The angle α for an arbitrarily located domain C at a distance x relative to the vertical axis of symmetry (for x = 0) is found as α = φ + arctan (| x | / h) - for an interval in x within the range - L / 2≤x≤0, that is, for negative values of x, and α = φ-arctg (H / h) - for the interval 0≤x≤L / 2, that is, for positive values of x.

As you know, if the magnetic moment of a domain is denoted as M, then the magnetic field strength H (r) at a distance r (x) at an angle α is found according to the expression:

$$\begin{array}{l}\text{H (x)}=\text{(H (}\alpha {\text{) / H}}_{\text{||}})M/2\pi {\mu }_{0}r{(}^x=(\mathrm{one}+\cos \alpha )M/\mathrm{four}\pi {\mu }_0{(}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}^2}=\\ =[\mathrm{one}+\cos (\varphi -arctg(x/h))]M/\mathrm{four}\pi {\mu }_0{(}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}^2}.(\mathrm{one})\end{array}$$

Since domain A “sees” domain C at the same angle α (since the scan planes 1 and 4 are mutually parallel), the interaction force between two domains A and C along the direction of the segment connecting them r (x) is equal to:

$$F(x)=F_{\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_2/\mathrm{four}\pi {\mu }_0\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}^2+x^2\right),\left(2\right)$$

where Ф ₁ = Ф ₂ = μ ₀ qH (x) is the magnetic flux from the sites q of domains A and C, and then:

$$\begin{array}{l}\text{F (x)}={\mu }_0{\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="q" filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png" state="{{state}}">q</figure-callout>}}^{\text{2}}{\text{Í (õ)}}^{\text{2}}\text{/ four}\pi {\text{(<figure-callout id="2" label="h" filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png" state="{{state}}">h</figure-callout>}}^{\text{2}}+{\text{õ}}^{\text{2}}\text{)}=\\ ={\text{q}}^{\text{2}}\text{[one}+\text{cos (}\varphi {\text{- arctg (õ / h))]}}^{\text{2}}{\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="M" filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png" state="{{state}}">M</figure-callout>}}^{\text{2}}\text{/ 64}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^{\text{3}}{\mu }_{\text{0}}{\text{d}}^{\text{8}}\text{(one}+{\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="õ" filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png" state="{{state}}">õ</figure-callout>}}^{\text{2}}{\text{/ h}}^{\text{2}}{\text{)}}^{\text{four}}\text{(3)}\end{array}$$

It is easy to understand that in the left half of the vertical axis of symmetry, that is, in the interval - L / 2≤x≤0, braking forces arise, and in the right, for 0≤x≤L / 2, the acceleration forces of element 1 in the direction of the curly arrow in fig. 4.

These braking and acceleration forces F (x) _|| are the projections of the forces F (x) on the horizontal plane. The projections of the forces F (x) onto this plane are equal to F (x) _||

$${\text{F (x)}}_{\text{||}}=\text{F (x) cos [arctg (h / x)]}=\text{F (x) / [1}+{\text{(h / x) 2]}}^{\text{1/2}}\text{.}\text{(four)}$$

Denoting the constant factor k = q ² M ² / 64π ³ µ ₀ h ⁸ = const (x) with the dimension of this coefficient in Newtons, we obtain from (3)

$$F{(x)}_{\left|\right|}=k{[\mathrm{one}+\cos (\phi -arctg(x/h))]}^2/{[\mathrm{one}+{(h/x)}^2]}^{\mathrm{one}/2}{(\mathrm{one}+x^2/h^2)}^{\mathrm{four}}=k\psi (x).(5)$$

We are not interested in the constant factor k, and during integration we can omit it by checking what the integral of ψ (x) over the entire interval is equal to - L / 2≤x≤L / 2, since we are only interested in the tangent components of the forces F (x ) Then we obtain the distribution of dimensionless relative forces ψ (x) over the length L in the form:

$$\psi (\text{õ)}={\text{[one}+\text{cos (}\varphi \text{-arctg (x / h))]}}^{\text{2}}\text{/[one}+{\text{(<figure-callout id="2" label="h" filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png" state="{{state}}">h</figure-callout>}}^{\text{2}}+{\text{x}}^{\text{2}}{\text{)]}}^{\text{1/2}}{\text{(one}+{\text{x}}^{\text{2}}{\text{/ h}}^{\text{2}}\text{)}}^{\text{four}}\left(6\right)$$

The graph of the function ψ (x) is shown in Fig. 5.

The area under the graph in its left side is significantly smaller than the area under the graph in its right side, which means that the relative acceleration force is greater than the relative braking force. The resultant of these forces is not equal to zero, and the ferromagnetic toroid 4 with oblique magnetization will rotate relative to the stationary ferromagnetic toroid 1 with counter oblique magnetization counterclockwise. If the first and second rotors (Fig. 3) can freely rotate relative to the fixed axis 5, then they will rotate in mutually opposite directions.

Note The construction of a graph using the MathCad program led to the need for re-designations: h = Δ, φ = φ and x = β (according to the font used in this program).

To find the total relative strength I _{Σ ||} it is necessary to integrate the function ψ (x) over the entire interval L, specifying the known quantities h, L, and φ. The problem is solved correctly under the condition h <L, which allows linearization of elements 1 and 4 to simplify the calculations (use parallel lines instead of part of concentric circles).

$$I_{\Sigma \left|\right|}={\displaystyle \underset{-L/2}{\overset{L/2}{\int }}\{{[\mathrm{one}+\cos (\varphi -arctg(x/h))]}^2/[\mathrm{one}/{(h+({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}^2/x^2)]}^{\mathrm{one}/2}{(\mathrm{one}+x^2/h^2)}^{\mathrm{four}}\}dx.\left(7\right)}$$

For the values h = 0.003 m (Δ) and φ = π / 4 (f) indicated on the graph for the interval L = 0.01 m, integration (7) gives I _Σ :

$$\begin{array}{l}{I}_{\Sigma \left|\right|}={\displaystyle \underset{0}{\overset{0.005}{\int }}\{{\{\mathrm{one}+\cos [(\pi /\mathrm{four})-arctg(x/0.003)]\}}^2/{[\mathrm{one}+({0.003}^2/x^2)]}^{\mathrm{one}/2}{(\mathrm{one}+x^2/{0.003}^2)}^{\mathrm{four}}\}dx.-}\\ -{\displaystyle \underset{-0.005}{\overset{0}{\int }}\{{\{\mathrm{one}+\cos [(\pi /\mathrm{four})-arctg(x/0.003)]\}}^2/{[\mathrm{one}+({0.003}^2/x^2)]}^{\mathrm{one}/2}{(\mathrm{one}+x^2/{0.003}^2)}^{\mathrm{four}}\}dx\ge }\\ \ge {\mathrm{1,57.10}}^{-3}-{\mathrm{7,585.10}}^{-\mathrm{four}}={\mathrm{8.119.10}}^{-\mathrm{four}}>0\left(8\right)\end{array}$$

The sign is greater than or equal to set, since the first integral in (8) has not been fully calculated (a larger upper limit could be set, which can be seen from the graph in Fig. 5). From the calculation it follows that the relative acceleration force is 1.57.10 ^-3 /7.585.10 ^-4 greater than the braking force = 2.09 times!

All other domains A on the ferromagnetic toroid 1 behave exactly the same. Their number is determined by the area of the face S _ГP referred to the area of the pole of the domain q, and the number of domains n = S _ГП / q is very large. So, if q = 10 ^-10 m ² and the face area of the toroid S _ГР = 10 m ² . then n = 10 ⁶ and the relative net force nI _{Σ ||} = 811.9, and this number must be multiplied by the coefficient k = q ² M ² / 64π ³ µ ₀ d ⁸ to calculate the total tangential force acting on the toroid 4, which is equal to:

$${\text{F}}_{\Sigma \text{||}}={\text{(q <figure-callout id="2" label="S GR M" filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png" state="{{state}}">S </figure-callout>}}_{\text{GR}}{\text{M}}^{}{}^{\text{2}}\text{/ 64}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\pi "\; filenames="00000013.png,00000014.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi </figure-callout>}}^{\text{3}}{\mu }_{\text{0}}{\text{h}}^{\text{8}}{\text{) I}}_{\Sigma \text{||}}\text{,}{\text{ãäå I}}_{\Sigma \text{||}}=\text{f (I)}\text{.}\text{(9)}$$

CONCLUSION: In the proposed device there is a torque.

Thus, theoretically justified the occurrence of a torque in the inventive pair of ferromagnetic toroids with counter oblique magnetization, facing each other with the same poles.

The rotational moment arises due to the flow of currents in the windings 2 (Fig. 3), wound on these toroids in the manner described above, which is consistent with the law of conservation and conversion of energy, and such a system is not isolated.

The considered type of DC motor does not use a collector inherent in the known DC motors. Instead of a collector, it uses ring electrodes with sliding contacts, which increases the reliability of the engine. The presence of collectors in known engines causes sparking on them, since during the operation of the engines there is a continuous rupture in some circuits and switching of current to other circuits (parts of the rotor windings of these engines), which accelerates wear on the working surface of the collectors. The presence of ring sliding contacts causes practically no sparking, and the current in the windings 2 does not interrupt in time, which significantly increases the service life of such sliding contacts. Such an engine does not cause radio interference.

The considered model of an engine with two rotating rotors can be replaced by a “stator-rotor" model, for which one of the rotors is fixed, and it becomes a stator, and the axis of rotation is rigidly fastened to the other rotor and transfers torque to the load, as is typical for all famous electric motors. In this case, the engine uses only two sliding current collectors instead of four, as in the considered model. This design is an analogue of the claimed, but simpler than considered, and can find wide practical application in industry and in household appliances.

Literature

1. Preobrazhensky A.A., Bishird E.G. Magnetic materials and elements, 3rd ed., M., 1986.

2. Fevraleva I.E. Hard magnetic materials and permanent magnets, K., 1969.

3. Permanent magnets. Directory. M., 1971.

4. Smaller O.F. The method of oblique magnetization of a ferromagnetic toroid. RF patent No. 2391730, publ. in the bull. No. 16 dated 06/10/2010.

5. Smaller O.F. The method of oblique magnetization of a ferromagnetic toroid. RF patent No. 2392681, publ. in the bull. No. 17, dated 06/20/2010.

6. Smaller O.F. The method of magnetization of a ferromagnetic toroid. RF patent No. 2451351, publ. in the bull. No. 14, dated 05/20/2012.

7. Smaller O.F. A device for measuring the force interaction of ferromagnetic toroids. RF patent No. 2405164, publ. in the bull. No. 33, dated November 27, 2010.

Claims (1)

A DC motor, comprising two ferromagnetic toroids coaxially mounted at a certain distance from each other, capable of freely rotating relative to each other, characterized in that the ferromagnetic toroids are provided with oblique windings connected to the direct current source through sliding contacts on the fixed axis so as to create an opposite oriented oblique magnetic fields in the right and left circles.

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