RU2551576C1 - Method for medical waste collection, temporary storage and recycling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: for collection, temporary storage and recycling, class B medical waste are collected at sites of waste production into a storage container and transported to a recycling site. The waste is collected in a storage bin and conveyed to a waste combustor. In the storage container, the waste is cooled down and exposed to ultraviolet light. After the transportation the waste is reduced in size, whereas the reduced waste is conveyed into the storage bin and combustor in air flow.

EFFECT: higher ecological compatibility and economical efficiency of the waste recycling process.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for collecting and removing garbage, namely, to the disposal of class B medical waste.

There is a method of thermal processing of solid waste, designed for disposal and disposal for subsequent use of products of processing of household, industrial, medical, polymer and other waste (see patent for invention RU 2135896, IPC F23G 5/027, F23G 7/00). The method includes pre-drying solid waste, feeding it into the pyrolysis chamber and burning with separation into a solid residue and a gaseous component, which are subjected to high-temperature processing in a slag metal bath of a melting furnace. The installation for implementing the method includes a chamber for preliminary drying of household waste, connected to a pyrolysis chamber, the outlet of which is connected to a bathtub of an electric melting furnace, and a destruction unit for rubber products reinforced with metal in an ozone-containing gas medium, connected by a gateway to a pyrolysis chamber. However, in the known method for the disposal of medical waste, it is necessary to further burn the products of destruction of rubber products.

A known method of disinfection of infected medical waste, including irradiation with high-intensity pulsed ultraviolet radiation of a continuous spectrum, grinding and feeding through a pipeline into a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolysis decomposition (see patent application RU 99108691, IPC A61L 11/00). Irradiation of the waste is carried out simultaneously with their drying in a rotating drying drum using a UV radiation source in the form of a xenon flash lamp integrated in the drying drum. However, for the implementation of the known method requires high-intensity (more than 10 kW / cm ² ), short-wave (190-300 nm), pulsed (10 ^-2 -10 ^-6 s), with a repetition rate of 1-20 Hz source of ultraviolet radiation.

Closest to the claimed solution is a method of collecting medical waste in places of its generation, storage, transportation and destruction, which allows to ensure complete sealing of class A, B, C and D waste from the external environment, as well as to avoid additional costs for disinfection and transportation of waste through settlements, when destroyed in places of their formation (see patent for invention RU 2294802, IPC B09B 3/00). The known method for collecting medical waste is characterized in that class B waste is separated, it is collected in disposable containers and / or disposable bags placed in carts, and hermetically packed waste collected in this way is transported either immediately to the place of disposal or to the inter-case storage containers with the subsequent destruction of waste, and the destruction of waste is carried out by burning it in an incinerator, either in the place of their formation, or by delivering waste to ke-incinerator from intercase containers. The disadvantage of the prototype is the long time required to burn waste packaged in this way.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for the safe disposal of medical waste class B.

The technical result is to increase environmental friendliness and efficiency.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of collection, temporary storage and disposal of medical waste, including the collection of medical waste of class B in the places of their formation in the storage tank, transportation of waste to the place of disposal, waste accumulation in the storage hopper, the subsequent transfer of waste to the incinerator , according to the proposed solution in the storage tank, the waste is cooled and exposed to ultraviolet radiation, after transportation, the waste is crushed, and The shredded waste is placed in a storage bin and then into the incinerator in an air stream. In the process of accumulation of waste in the storage hopper, they are mixed.

The inventive method is illustrated in the drawing. The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 - storage tank;

2 - cooling device;

3 - bactericidal lamp;

4 - boot device;

5 - grinding device;

6 - waste feed hopper;

7 - a device for pumping waste;

8 - waste feed sleeve;

9 - waste storage bin;

10 - auger;

11 - an electric motor;

12 is a combustion device.

The inventive method is as follows.

Class B medical waste is collected - hazardous waste, infected waste, materials and tools, including stitching and cutting, contaminated with secretions, including blood, waste from infectious diseases departments, from microbiological laboratories, etc. In places of waste generation, they are placed for transportation in a special storage tank equipped with a lid in the upper part and with wheels in the lower part. The tank has a volume of 240 liters, so at the time of accumulation of waste it is placed in a cooling device to prevent the multiplication of viruses and microorganisms. The cooling device is a refrigerating chamber, the volume of which is sufficient to accommodate at least one tank with medical waste. For additional disinfection, the tank is irradiated with a bactericidal lamp installed in the cooling device. The bactericidal lamp is a source of ultraviolet radiation and is designed to disinfect air in the cooling device and the surface of the tank, sterilize objects and medical instruments, neutralize the main part of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, mold, fungi, yeast, spores, etc. After filling, the tank is transported to the waste disposal site, during transportation the tank may have time to warm up, however, there will not be enough time for the development of viruses and microorganisms. At the waste disposal site, the contents of the storage tank are transferred (poured) through a loading device to a grinding device (shredder), in which the waste is ground into small pieces to simplify the subsequent transportation, storage and disposal procedures. The shredded waste enters the waste bin located at the bottom of the shredder. From the waste feed hopper, the crushed waste in the air stream is transferred to the waste storage hopper, for which a waste transfer device is used, which is a fan in the housing made of stainless steel with reinforced blades. The suction part of the waste transfer device is connected via the waste feed hose to the waste hopper, and the discharge part of the waste transfer device using the waste feed hose is tangentially connected to the upper part of the waste storage hopper. Waste supply hoses can be made of flexible piping. The waste storage bin is a container with a cylindrical body made of plastic or stainless metal, in the lower part of the storage bin the body is tapering in the form of a truncated cone, at the end of which there is an opening for unloading (pumping out) the waste, connected via a waste feed sleeve to the suction a part of the second waste transfer device, wherein the injection part of the second waste transfer device is connected to the waste incinerator by means of a waste feed sleeve. This principle of waste transfer increases the environmental friendliness of the method of collection, temporary storage and disposal of medical waste. The waste storage hopper is equipped with a screw driven by an electric motor, the screw is located along the axis of the hopper and is designed to mix shredded waste during the accumulation of the hopper, which prevents caking. After filling the waste storage bin, a second waste transfer device is used to transfer the crushed waste in the air stream to the incineration and disposal devices. This allows less frequently to kindle the device for incineration of waste, to load it most fully during operation, which makes the inventive method more economical.

Claims (2)

1. The method of collection, temporary storage and disposal of medical waste, including the collection of medical waste of class B in the places of their formation in the storage tank, transportation of waste to the place of disposal, the accumulation of waste in the storage hopper, the subsequent transfer of waste to the incinerator, characterized in that the waste tank is cooled and exposed to ultraviolet radiation, after transportation, the waste is crushed, and the crushed waste is transferred to the storage hopper and then to the device GUT combustion is carried out in a stream of air. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the accumulation of waste in the storage hopper they are mixed.

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