RU2550709C2 - Hydraulic probing perforator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to oil production and serves to make deep perforated channels in productive bed. Perforator comprises split case with rotary guide channel connected with hydraulic cylinder provided with brake piston, probe with adapter and its regulator composed of casing with stepped bore to house spring-loaded slide valve with ring piston at outer surface. End valve at lower end makes with said case a circular chamber engaged via drain channel with hydraulic cylinder piston head chamber. The latter communicates via bypass channel with throttle with cavity above ring piston of stepped slide valve. Brake piston is provided with hollow rod with nut in axial channel extending into split case axial channel. Said probe is provided with retainer at upper end extending in hollow rod axial channel to make a sliding joint with the nut. Hydraulic cylinder piston head chamber is continuously communicated by bypass bores with hollow rod axial channel. Stepped slide valve body has circular bore and incorporates hollow link with skew at end to make top end extend beyond said steeped slide valve. Said case has limiter with ball valve spring-loaded seat arranged above said stepped slide valve to allow interaction between ball wall with hollow rod end, inner circular ledge with seat on inner surface and spring-loaded retainer fitted to interact with lock ring bore at hollow rod at initial position. Circular bore in stepped slide vale is communicated via bypass bores with circular chamber composed of the case and end valve body. Limiter seat has lengthwise grooves at outer side to make a sliding joint with stepped slide valve top end. Circular channel is composed between case circular ledge and hollow rod with lock ring to communicate with hydraulic cylinder piston head chamber.

EFFECT: possibility to return said probe to initial position.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas industry and is intended to produce deep perforation channels in an open reservoir.

Known hydraulic probe punch (see AS No. 916744, Mcl. E21B 43/114, declared. 11.28.1980, application No. 321036 / 22-03, published 03.30.1982, BI No. 12.

The hammer drill consists of a housing connected to a hydraulic cylinder with a brake piston inside, a probe movement regulator with a nozzle at the end and a dividing wall with a nozzle. The probe is passed through a dividing wall with access to the re-directing channel of the housing. A groove is made on the outer side of the housing, in which a punch is mounted on the finger with support on the outer surface of the power piston with an axial channel, which forms an airtight chamber and a movable connection with the lower end of the rotary-guide channel. The stroke of the power piston in the cylindrical bore of the housing is limited by a retaining ring.

A multiplier is installed at the lower end of the housing, the high-pressure chamber of which is connected by a channel with a sealed chamber above the power piston, and the low-pressure chamber is connected by a tube to the internal cavity of the hydraulic cylinder above the brake piston.

The cavity of the hydraulic cylinder under the dividing wall freely communicates with the external environment - the cavity of the casing string. The hydraulic cylinder through the adapter is connected to the tubing string.

Lower and install the device at a given depth. Then, the working fluid is supplied under pressure, from where it is supplied to the probe nozzle.

In the high-pressure chamber of the multiplier, increased pressure is created, sufficient for the necessary axial force on the power piston, which moves in the cylindrical bore of the body and interacts with the punch with its rotation on the finger and entering into interaction with the casing string. When the axial force is calculated, the punch is introduced into the casing material with its destruction at the point of contact and the formation of a perforation channel into which a probe with a nozzle at the end is inserted at an adjustable speed. The working fluid under pressure flows out of the nozzle with the action of a kinetic jet on the rock and the formation of a perforation channel. The speed of the probe is controlled by the flow of fluid through the nozzle from under the brake piston into the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder under the dividing wall and further into the well.

The probe with the nozzle is returned to its original position by applying working fluid to the annulus under pressure with a flow through a radial hole in the body of the hydraulic cylinder into the cavity above the dividing wall, from where it is supplied under the brake piston with an adjustable flow rate through the nozzle.

Thus, the probe with the nozzle is removed from the perforation channel and is introduced into the device via the rotary-guide channel.

By axial movement of the tubing string, the probe punch is installed in a new location.

When lifting the device, the punch interacts with the bent metal tongue in the body of the casing, rotates on a finger and introduces a power piston into the cylindrical bore of the body. By the same action, the multiplier piston also returns to its original position.

The disadvantages of the design include:

- if the probe with the nozzle stops in the perforation channel and the brake piston continues to move, deformation and even breakage of the probe are possible;

- it is problematic to return the probe with the nozzle to its original position by creating excessive pressure in the annulus and moving the brake piston upward;

- there is no signal to return the probe to its original position.

A known design of a device for hydroperforation of wells, (see AS No. 1051237, Mcl. E21B 43/114, publ. 10/30/1983, Bull. No. 40.

The device consists of a housing, inside of which a hollow rod with a tube and a nozzle, a spring-loaded differential sleeve with a clamp is placed with the possibility of axial movement. The coupling is connected to the discharge chamber. A piston is installed under the coupling, over which there is a cavity filled with liquid.

A calibrated hole is made in the lower part of the housing. A radial channel is made in the coupling itself, which communicates the cavity of the tubing with the annulus. The vertical channel, made in the body of the coupling, communicates the cavity of the tubing with a piston cavity. A hollow rod passes through the axial bore of the coupling and is rigidly connected to a tube placed in the deflector and equipped with a nozzle. On an elevator pipe string, the device is introduced into the well with placement in the interval of the reservoir and the supply of hydroabrasive fluid under pressure. At the design pressure, which is determined by the preservation at the installation site of the differential sleeve on the retainer, the latter remains in the upper position, blocking the access of liquid to the discharge chamber. In this case, the vertical channel in the coupling is open. The working fluid acts on the piston under design pressure with transmission to the piston cavity.

Due to the lower pressure in the discharge chamber, the resultant force on the hollow rod is directed upward, which prevents the tube from sliding out of the deflector. When switching to a higher pressure, the differential sleeve is removed from the clamp and moves downward with the opening of the fluid supply to the discharge chamber with the vertical section of the channel being blocked and the spring compressed.

The working fluid enters the hollow rod and then through the tube to the nozzle with the action of a jet on the barrier. A pressure drop in the downward direction acts on the upper end of the hollow stem. In the supra-piston cavity, the pressure is hydrostatic. In this case, the hollow rod moves down with the movement of the tube into the reservoir. Fluid in the sub-piston cavity is ejected through the calibrated hole into the annulus. Upon reaching the upper end of the hollow rod of the radial channel in the coupling, there is a sharp discharge of the pumped working fluid into the annulus and the pressure decreases. This reduces the load on the differential sleeve, which by the force of the spring returns to its original position. Also, the liquid stops accessing the discharge chamber and a vertical channel opens. Again raise the discharge pressure to the design value while maintaining the differential sleeve on the retainer. The piston moves down, and the fluid in the supra-piston cavity squeezes the hollow piston up into the discharge chamber with the tube with the nozzle returning to its original position.

The disadvantages of the design of the device include:

- the use of a working fluid with an abrasive sharply reduces the reliability of the device, since it enters the device with accumulation and negative impact on mating parts;

- the movement of the tube with the nozzle in the diverter channel due to the pressure drop on the hollow rod cannot be fully performed, since when the tube and the nozzle stop moving inside the perforation channel, the hydraulic connection of the cavity of the discharge chamber with the annulus through the radial channel cannot occur. Thus, the operability of the device as a whole is doubtful;

- when the hollow rod with the tube moves down, the liquid column acts above the piston, which leads to its upward movement with increasing pressure in the supra-piston cavity and the expiration of the working fluid into the annulus, that is, the pressure in the sub-piston cavity is not hydrostatic and under certain conditions there is a possibility moving the piston to face contact with the coupling and overlapping the cross section of the calibrated hole. Thus, there is a likelihood of stopping the movement of the hollow rod with the tube in the diverter channel.

This means the termination of the device and the disruption of the perforation process.

A device for perforating a cased hole is known (see patent No. 2137915, Mcl. EV 21/43, published September 20, 1999), adopted as a prototype.

The device is made in the form of a cylindrical body with a central channel, a bypass channel, a diverter and radial channels. A sleeve with an outer cone, a piston and a side channel is introduced into the central channel. Outside on the sleeve there is a hydraulic cylinder with a piston and wedge dies interacting with the outer cone. They form a locking mechanism.

In the housing there is a window clipping mechanism in the casing body. It consists of two pairs of gears, a spindle, an axial feed screw of the end mill, a shaft, a hydraulic motor and a reverse. In the case above the window cutting mechanism, a spacer mechanism with a hydraulic cylinder, piston, wedge and radial stops is placed. The mechanism for extending a flexible sleeve with a hydraulic nozzle through a window cut into the casing into the reservoir contains a hydraulic cylinder, a piston on a hollow rod with radial holes. The axial movement mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder with a piston. The piston stroke is correlated with the distance between the axes of the end medium and the nozzle and the distance from the lower end of the sleeve to the annular groove. The distance between the radial holes and the radial channels is equal to the stroke of the piston.

The supply of working fluid under pressure to each hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor through a hydraulic system with a shut-off valve and control spools with mutually calibrated springs ensures autonomous and automatic operation of each mechanism. At the same time, it is possible to send a signal to the surface through the liquid to complete the operation and return the mechanisms to their original position.

The disadvantages of the design of the device include:

- the complexity of the design as a whole and the mechanisms for controlling the process of cutting the window in the casing and creating a deep perforation channel;

- the practice of using anchor devices of the die type shows that there is a possibility of breaking the dies relative to the casing, since there is a multiple change in the conditions for supplying the working fluid inside the device. In this case, there is a presence of pressure pulsations inside the drill pipe string with a corresponding elongation-reduction of its length. These loads are perceived by the anchor assembly, which can lead to a short distance movement of the device casing within a few millimeters at a time when the flexible sleeve is located behind the casing;

- when the flexible sleeve (probe) leaves the window made in the body of the casing pipe, there are conditions when the flexible sleeve (probe) cannot move in the perforation channel, since the diametrical dimensions of the perforation channel during the jet action of the working fluid on the rock of the producing formation are uncertain. In this case, the flexible sleeve cannot move deep into the reservoir.

Moreover, according to the design of the device, the axial load on the flexible sleeve is created due to the pressure drop across the piston, with which the flexible sleeve is connected through the hollow rod. With a sufficiently large pressure drop across the piston, there are conditions for the loss of integrity of the flexible sleeve and the failure of the device as a whole, since the piston with the hollow rod cannot move to the extreme position when the axial channel of the hollow rod is hydraulically connected through the radial channels in the body of the body to the well cavity;

- returning the flexible sleeve to its original position can be considered problematic, since it is difficult to switch the spools to supply the working fluid to the cavity under the piston, since the piston with the hollow rod is not in the extreme position.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the invention is reduced to the following:

- the ability to create a deep perforation channel in an open formation when exposed to a jet of working fluid flowing out of the probe nozzle with its adjustable movement in the rotary-guide and perforation channels;

- the ability to automatically return the probe with the nozzle from the perforation channel to its original position even if the probe stops due to the non-core size of the formed perforation channel without stopping the supply of working fluid from the surface to the cavity of the device;

- the ability to automatically return the probe with the nozzle from the perforation channel to its original position with the exception of the possibility of the impact of water hammer on the structural elements of the device when switching it to the mode of returning the probe with the nozzle to the device body;

- the ability to prepare the device for the repetition of the process of creating a deep perforation channel at a new level after stopping the flow of pressurized working fluid into the axial channel of the pipe tubing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the hydraulic probe punch contains a detachable housing with a rotary guide channel connected to a hydraulic cylinder equipped with a brake piston, a probe with a nozzle and a regulator of its movement in the rotary guide channel and the formed perforation channel, a bypass channel with a throttle.

The probe movement regulator with the nozzle is made in the form of a housing with a stepped bore inside with a spring-mounted stepped spool located in it, equipped with an annular piston on the outer surface in the middle part and an end valve at the lower end mounted to form an annular chamber with a housing hydraulically connected by a drainage channel with the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder above the brake piston. The cavity of the hydraulic cylinder under the brake piston is connected by a channel through the throttle to the cavity above the annular piston of the stepped spool. The brake piston is equipped with a hollow stem with a nut in the axial channel, which is passed into the axial channel of the split housing. The probe with a nozzle is equipped with a latch at the upper end that enters the axial channel of the hollow rod and is installed with the formation of a movable connection with the nut. The cavity of the hydraulic cylinder above the brake piston is constantly hydraulically connected bypass holes in its body with the axial channel of the hollow rod.

An annular bore is made in the body of the stepped spool and a hollow thrust is installed with a bevel at the end so that its upper end extends beyond the stepped spool. The housing is equipped with a limiter with a spring-loaded ball valve seat mounted above a stepped spool with the possibility of interaction with the end face of the hollow rod. An annular bore made in a stepped spool is hydraulically connected bypass holes in its body with an annular chamber formed by the body and body of the mechanical valve. The housing is equipped with an inner annular protrusion with a saddle on the inner surface and a spring-loaded latch mounted with the possibility of interaction with the groove on the retaining ring of the hollow rod in the initial position. The limiter is equipped with a spring-loaded seat with longitudinal grooves on the outside, forming a movable connection with the upper end of the stepped spool. An annular channel is formed at the location of the annular protrusion of the housing and the hollow rod with the retaining ring, which is constantly hydraulically connected with the hydraulic cylinder cavity above the brake piston, a spring-loaded latch mounted in the housing bore, equipped with a stroke limiter of the stepped spool with a spring-loaded seat under the ball valve, resting on the end face traction. An annular bore is made in the body of the stepped spool, connected bypass holes in its body with an annular chamber between the body and the body of the mechanical valve. The housing is equipped with an inner annular protrusion with a saddle on its inner surface facing the end valve on the stepped spool.

The spring-loaded seat is provided with longitudinal grooves on the outside, hydraulically connected through an annular chamber with a bypass channel and forms a movable connection with the upper end of the stepped spool.

The design of the device for perforating the reservoir is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a hydraulic probe punch in a static position of parts;

- in FIG. 2 - the design of the hydraulic probe punch in the position of the maximum exit of the probe with the nozzle outside the housing during the formation of the perforation channel in the reservoir;

- in FIG. 3 - the design of the device in the return position of the probe with the nozzle inside the housing and preparing the device for the repetition of the perforation process at a new installation location.

The hydraulic probe punch consists of a detachable body 1 connected by its upper end to a hydraulic cylinder 2, which is equipped with a control unit 3. In the cavity 4 of the hydraulic cylinder 2, a brake piston 5 is mounted, connected to the hollow rod 6, the axial channel 7 of which is blocked from below by a nut 8. In the axial channel 7 of the hollow rod 6, the upper end of the probe 9 with the clamp 10 is missing, forming a movable connection with the nut 8. In the detachable housing 1, a rotary-guide channel 11 is made, in which a probe 9 with a nozzle 12 at the lower end is placed. The control unit 3 is made in the form of a housing 13 associated with a hydraulic cylinder 2.

In the housing 13, a stepped bore is made in which a stepped spool 14 with an annular piston 15 resting on a spring 16 is placed.

An end valve 17 is made at the lower end of the stepped spool 14. Below the location of the stepped bore in the housing 13, an inner annular protrusion 18 is made with a seating seat 19 for engaging and fitting the end valve 17.

A stepped spool 14 with an annular piston 15 forms an annular chamber 20 with an inner surface of the housing 13, hydraulically connected by a drainage channel 21 with a cavity 22 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 above the brake piston 5, in which a number of bypass holes 23 are made for connecting the cavity 22 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 with the axial channel 7 of the hollow rod 6. In the axial channel 24 of the housing 13, the step of the stepped valve 14 is bounded from above by the body of the restrictor 25, in which a spring-loaded seat 26 is installed under the ball valve 27. The spring-loaded seat 26 contains longitudinal grooves 28 for chi working fluid in the axial channel 29 under the spring-loaded seat 26, connected through the bypass channel 30 and the throttle 31 with the cavity 32 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 under the brake piston 5. In the stepped spool 14 is made cylindrical bore 33, passing into the axial channel 34. Inside the cylindrical bore 33 is placed hollow rod 35, the upper end of which has a bevel 36 and is equipped with a restrictive ring 37.

The hollow rod 35 is passed into the cylindrical bore 33 of the stepped spool 14 and the channel 38 at the location of the annular protrusion 18 and is provided with a retaining ring 39 with a groove 40. A spring-loaded clamp 41 is installed in the housing 13 with the possibility of interaction with the groove 40 of the retaining ring 39 in the initial position of the hollow rod 6.

The hollow rod 35 is passed through the brake piston 5 with an arrangement in the axial channel 7 and is provided with a restrictive ring 42.

In the body of the stepped spool 14, overflow holes 43 are made connecting the cavity of the cylindrical bore 33 with the cavity 44 of the housing 13 under the stepped spool 14. In the body of the limiter 25, radial holes 45 are made for communication with the longitudinal grooves 28 on the outer surface of the spring-loaded seat 26. To clamp the clamp 41 to the retaining ring 39 at the location of the groove 40 on the outer surface of the housing 13 is installed a leaf spring 46.

The annular gap between the hollow rod 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 2 is blocked by a washer 47 with the sealing rings 48 and 49.

The operation of the hydraulic probe punch. The device is connected with its upper end to the tubing string and is inserted into the well with a location in the zone of the reservoir.

The working fluid is supplied under pressure to the pipe string and then to the cylindrical bore 33 of the stepped spool 14, from where it enters the cavity 44 through the bypass holes 43 and then into the channel 38 hydraulically connected to the cavity 22 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 above the brake piston 5. Through the bypass holes 23 in the brake piston 5, the working fluid enters the axial channel 7 of the hollow rod 6 and then into the axial channel of the probe 9 with the jet ejected through the nozzle 12 onto the rock surface composing the reservoir. Under the action of a pressure differential acting on the cross-sectional area of the brake piston 5 and probe 9, they move inside the hydraulic cylinder 2 as the perforation channel is formed in the reservoir due to the action of the working fluid stream. In the case when the size of the perforation channel is smaller than the outer diameter of the probe 9, it stops. At the same time, the brake piston 5 together with the hollow rod 6 continues to move inside the hydraulic cylinder 2 until the brake piston 5 reaches the restriction ring 42 on the hollow rod 35.

When they interact, the hollow rod 35 moves downward with its exit from the interaction with the spring-loaded latch 41. The upper end of the hollow rod 35 moves relative to the spring-loaded seat 26, which leads to the ball valve 27 landing on the spring-loaded seat 26 and the flow of hydraulic fluid to the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is cut off and 2 axial channel 7 of the hollow rod 6.

The stepped spool 14 with an annular piston 15 under the action of overpressure moves down inside the housing 13 with compression of the spring 16 and with the mechanical valve 17 landing on the seat saddle 19 in the annular protrusion 18 of the detachable housing 1 and remains closed in this position. The spring-loaded seat 26 with the ball valve 27 also moves downward relative to the restrictor 25 to ensure the supply of working fluid through the longitudinal grooves 28 on the outer surface of the spring-loaded seat 26 to the bypass channel 30, equipped with a throttle 31 with the output of the working fluid into the cavity 32 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 under the brake piston 5. Under the action of excess pressure, the brake piston 5 with the hollow rod 6 moves upward inside the hydraulic cylinder 2. When the nut 8 located in the axial channel of the hollow rod 6 approaches the latch 10 on the probe 9, the probe 9 moves with the nozzle 12 inward-upward with movement inside the rotary-guide channel 11 in the detachable housing 1. Thereby, the probe 9 is withdrawn from the perforation channel with a return to its original position inside the detachable housing 1.

The brake piston 5 moves upward and interacts with its end face with the locking ring 39 on the hollow rod 35, which, when they are moved together, leads to the introduction of a spring-loaded latch 41 into the groove 40 of the locking ring 39. In this case, the hollow rod 35 interacts with its upper end provided with a bevel 36 with a ball valve 27 with its separation from the spring-loaded seat 26 and the formation of a hydraulic connection between the cavity of the pipe tubing and the cylindrical bore 33 in the stepped spool 14, the mechanical valve 17 which retains its position on sedimentary saddle 19.

At the same time, the working fluid through the channel in the hollow thrust 35 with a limited flow rate continues to flow into the axial channel of the probe 9. In this position of the parts, the probe punch after controlling the time to complete the formation of the perforation channel remains until it stops - stops supplying the working fluid from the surface under pressure.

After the pressure is released by the pressure of the compressed spring 16, the stepped spool 14 with the annular piston 15 moves inside the stepped bore 13 of the housing 1 with the mechanical valve 17 separated from the seat 19 and the hydraulic connection of the cylindrical bore 33 is restored in the stepped spool 14 and the bypass holes 43 with the cavity 20 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 above brake piston 5. Thus, the device is prepared for the repetition of perforation at a new level.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic probe punch containing a detachable housing with a rotary guide channel, connected to a hydraulic cylinder equipped with a brake piston, a probe with a nozzle and a regulator of its movement, a throttle in the bypass channel, characterized in that the probe movement regulator is made in the form of a housing with a stepped bore, in which is a spring-loaded step spool with an annular piston on the outer surface and an end valve at the lower end, forming an annular chamber with a housing hydraulically connected by a drain to an analog with a hydraulic cylinder cavity above the brake piston, a hydraulic cylinder cavity under the brake piston connected by a bypass channel with a throttle with a cavity above the annular piston of the stepped spool, the brake piston is equipped with a hollow rod with a nut in the axial channel, passed into the axial channel of the split housing, the probe is equipped with a latch at the upper end included in the axial channel of the hollow rod and installed with the formation of a movable connection with the nut, the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder above the brake piston is constantly hydraulically connected bypass Verstov with the axial channel of the hollow rod; an annular bore is made in the body of the stepped spool and a hollow thrust is installed with a bevel at the end so that the upper end extends beyond the stepped spool; the casing is equipped with a limiter with a spring-loaded ball valve seat mounted above the stepped spool with the possibility of the ball valve interacting with the end of the hollow rod, the annular bore in the stepped spool is hydraulically connected bypass holes in its body with an annular chamber formed by the casing and the body of the end valve, the casing is equipped with an inner annular a protrusion with a saddle on the inner surface and a spring-loaded latch mounted with the possibility of interaction with the groove on the retaining ring e at the hollow thrust in the initial position, and the limiter is equipped with a spring-loaded saddle with longitudinal grooves on the outer side, forming a movable connection with the upper end of the stepped spool, and at the location of the annular protrusion of the housing, an annular channel is formed between it and the hollow thrust with a retaining ring, constantly hydraulically connected to the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder above the brake piston.

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