RU2539700C1 - Braking device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: braking device includes brake cylinder provided with piston with rod, and unbraking spring. Braking device interacts via linkage with brake shoes. The brake cylinder is provided with control unit, two pistons with metal plates connected with high voltage source, and transmission with brake shoes, at least two stoppers interacting with piston rods. The pistons are interconnected by springs. The control unit contains signal receiver, accumulator, high voltage unit and switchgear. The stoppers are made similar of movable and unmovable parts interconnected by spring and provided with metal plates and connected with high voltage source. Movable part is fitted inside unmovable part.

EFFECT: lower energy consumption, design simplification, lower metal consumption, higher operation speed and reliability, functionality enhancement.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of vehicles, in particular to railway transport.

Known braking device (see the book "Technical guide of the railroad", volume 6. Rolling stock. Chief editor EF Rudoy "State transport railway." Publishing house. M. 1959, pp. 865-867, Fig. 49 ), consisting of a brake cylinder connected by a linkage with brake pads. Its disadvantages: manual auto mode, the use of air pressure as an energy source.

A brake device is known (see the book “Wagons” edited by L.D. Kuzmich M. Mechanical Engineering. 1978, Page 68, Fig. 35), containing a brake cylinder interacting via a linkage with brake pads and equipped with an automatic mode that allows automatic mode, depending on the load of the car, change the braking force on the brake pads. Disadvantages: the complexity of the auto mode device and the use of air pressure as an energy source.

A known brake device is a brake cylinder containing an additional and main piston with a rod and a brake spring interacting via a lever transmission with brake pads (US Pat. 2397086 C1, B60T 17/18). The device allows to reduce air consumption and energy consumption by 2-3 times. But it continues to use air pressure as a source of energy and, associated with this, the complexity of the device and operation.

A brake device is known (US Pat. 2412843 C1, B61H 13/20, B61H 1/00) comprising a brake cylinder provided with a piston with a rod and with a braking spring, interacting via a lever transmission with brake pads. The specified device is equipped with a simplified scheme of auto mode.

But this device, and all of the above, also uses air pressure as an energy source and the associated complex and metal-intensive devices, low speed and reliability, high energy consumption, limited functionality.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design of the brake device and its operation, reduce energy consumption, metal consumption, increase speed and reliability, expand the functionality.

This goal is achieved in that the brake cylinder is equipped with a control unit, two pistons with metal plates connected to a high voltage source, at least two stoppers interacting with the piston rod or directly with the pistons themselves, the pistons being connected to each other by springs, and the control unit contains a signal receiver, a battery, a switching device, a high voltage unit, a stopper made of movable and fixed parts interconnected by a spring, provided metal plates connected to a high voltage source, while the movable part is placed inside the stationary.

This is achieved by the fact that the device is equipped with a transmitter and a receiver of signals through the air.

Figure 1 - sectional brake cylinder.

Figure 2 - stopper with a rod.

Figure 3 - structural electrical circuit of the brake device.

The brake device consists of a brake cylinder (figure 1), connected by an articulated transmission with brake pads and made of pistons 1 and 2, equipped with metal plates 3 and 4, in contact with each other through these plates connected to a high voltage source. Pistons 1 and 2 are provided with rods 5 and 6, while the rod 6 is connected to the articulated rods interacting with the brake pads, and the pistons 1 and 2 are connected by springs 7 and 8 and placed in the housing 9. Locking devices are also located in the housing 9 10 and 11, interacting with the rods 5 and 6 of the pistons 1 and 2. The piston 2 with the rod 6 is equipped with a braking spring 12. The locking devices 10 and 11 are identical in structure and each consists (figure 2) of the movable 13 part and the stationary 14 part, interconnected by springs 15. Parts 13 and 14 are provided with plates and 16 and 17 connected to a high voltage source. The movable parts 13 and the corresponding parts of the rods 5 and 6 are provided with protrusions 19 and recesses 20. The device is equipped with a control unit located on the brake cylinder and containing a control signal receiver, a battery, a switching device, a high voltage unit (not shown). The structural electrical circuit of the braking device (Fig. 3) includes the driver’s control panel 22, speed sensor 23, weight sensor 24, user sensor 25, control signal transmitter 26, adder 27, control unit 21.

The device operates as follows. In the idle state, the pistons 1 and 2 with metal plates 3 and 4 are pressed against each other by springs 7, 8 and a braking spring 12. There are no charges on the plates 3 and 4. For braking, the switching device P2 contacts 1, 3 delivers a high potential of 15-20 kW to the plate 16, 17 of the stopper 10. There is a charge plate with the same sign. By Coulomb forces, the plates 16 and 17 are repelled from each other and the movable part 13 of the stopper 10 leaves the stationary part 14 and, with its protrusions 19 and recesses 20, enters the corresponding recesses and protrusions of the rod 5, locking it and the piston 1. Further, contacts 2, 3 of the device P1 high potential is applied to the plates 3, 4. The latter are repelled from each other, and since the piston 1 is locked, only the piston 2 moves with the rod 6, choosing the play in the articulated gear and moving the brake pads to the wheel rim or to the brake discs. In this case, the spring 12 is compressed, and the springs 7, 8 are stretched. Then, contacts 1, 3 of the switching device P3 are fed with a high potential to the plates 16, 17 of the stopper 11. Similarly to the above, stop the rod 6 with the piston 2 and then open it with the stopper 10 of the rod 5, by removing a high potential by switching the contact 3 P2 to pin 2 (ground) and the potential is removed from the plates 3, 4 by contacts 1, 3 P1. The piston 1 by the springs 7, 8 is pulled to the piston 2 and is locked again. The operation can be repeated several times until the complete selection of the articulation of the articulated gears and ensuring the necessary pressing of the brake pads to the wheel rim or disk. The necessary braking force is automatically provided by the signal from the control panel of the driver 22, the speed sensor 23, the weight sensor 24, the sensor 25. The total signal from the adder 27 is sent to the control unit 21 and using the switching devices P1, P2, P3 provides the necessary braking force, depending from the weight of the car, the speed of the train, the use of the wheels, the control signal from the driver, which can be supplied in manual mode or automatically from a computer.

To stop braking, the potential is removed from the plate 16, 17 of the stopper 10 and from the plate 3, 4. With the spring 12 and the springs 7, 8, the pistons 1, 2 and brake pads come to their original position.

The use of a brake device provides for monitoring the health of electrical circuits and links of the brake device, using the main power source of the electrical circuit and autonomous power supply from the battery of the control unit. To ensure reliable operation of the linkage and brake pads, two or more brake cylinders are used to provide power from individual electrical sources and individual electrical circuits. When the cars are disengaged, the signal for their braking is automatically or manually supplied through the signal transmitter 26 via air to the receiver of the control unit 21 or directly from the car by closing the contacts with a button.

As the weight sensor can be used the device according to patent 2406987 C1 G01L 19/04.

The resistance R in the electrical circuit of the proposed device provides adjustment of the discharge time of the plate 3, 4.

Using the proposed device allows automatic or manual control of the brakes, in the operating mode, from the driver’s control panel and in an emergency, for example, when the car is disengaged, using the button from the car or from the driver’s control panel when the cars are disengaged or electrical circuits malfunction, through the control signal transmitter via air or from the car from the button. In the same way, parking braking of the car is provided.

Electricity consumed in operation no more than 30 watts. During parking and emergency braking, it is practically not consumed, since the charge (discharge) of metal plates occurs once. To create a huge charge of 1 pendant, an insignificant amount of electricity is required, since 1 K = 1 A × 1 sec. The repulsive forces (Coulomb forces) can be approximately estimated by the Coulomb formula.

In the SI system

, где $$K=\frac{1}{4П{Е}_0}=9\cdot {10}^9м/ф$$

$$F=K\frac{g_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot g_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="00000006.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^2}$$

where $$K=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{four}P{E}_0}=9\cdot {10}^{9}m/f$$

E ₀ - dielectric constant in vacuum (K ² / M ² · H),

R is the distance between the charges (plates).

For g ₁ = g ₂ = 1 pendant and r = 1 m

$$F=\frac{\mathrm{one}\cdot \mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{one}}\cdot 9\cdot {10}^9=9\cdot {10}^{9}N$$

Using the Coulomb repulsive force as an energy source allows tens of times to reduce energy consumption, to provide all types of braking: working, parking, in emergency situations, for example, when the wagons are disengaged, both from the driver and from the wagon. Automatic accounting of weight, speed and instant reaction to this allow using the braking force as close as possible to the user.

The absence of electrical wires, electrical parts with high potential outside the brake cylinder allows you to provide reliable electrical protection against the ingress of high potential on the housing during breakdown of insulation, using known methods of electrical protection.

The use of the device also allows to simplify operation, reduce metal consumption, increase speed and reliability, eliminates the influence of changes in the backlash of the linkage and wear of the brake pads on the operation of the device during operation.

Claims (1)

A brake device comprising a brake cylinder equipped with a piston with a rod, a brake spring interacting via a lever transmission with brake pads, characterized in that the brake cylinder is equipped with a control unit, two pistons with metal plates connected to a high voltage source, at least two stoppers, interacting with the piston rods, and the pistons are connected to each other by springs, and the control unit contains a signal receiver, battery, high voltage unit, comm the utilization device, the stopper are made equally of the movable and fixed parts, interconnected by a spring, provided with metal plates connected to a high voltage source, while the movable part is placed inside the stationary.

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