RU2533571C1 - Drainage-humidification system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: drainage-humidification system comprises a supply 1 and a discharge 2 closed irrigation pipelines interconnected with water distribution executive unit. The water distribution executive unit consists of a vertical pipe 3 mounted on the supply pipeline 1 and the working chamber 4 of pressure with separation from it by the membrane 5 with the rod 6. The water distribution executive unit, the valve gear 19, the container 24 with the float 23, and the rotary valve 44 with the control pipeline are located in series. The cavity 11 of the chamber 4 is connected via the hydraulic pipeline 64 provided with a valve 65, with the switch 27, the shank of which is fixed pivotally with one end of the lever 50 to the rod 22. Movement of the upper lever 50 is limited by the upper stop 58, and the lower lever 51 - by the lower stop 59 above and below the threshold level in the storage container 24. The valve gear 19 is made in the form of a cylinder and has a double piston 20 which is pivotally coupled to the rod 22 of the float actuator. The valve gear 19 is connected to the supply irrigation pipeline 1 through the control pipeline 34 to the valve 35 and is respectively connected to the manifold 42 with drains-humidifiers 43. The storage container 24 with a siphon 28 communicates through the rotary valve 44 to the control pipelines 31, 34, respectively, with valves 32, 35 and with the supply pipeline 1.

EFFECT: system enables to create closed automated systems in land reclamation, to save water resources, to obtain the necessary productivity of agricultural products with the effective use of land.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to devices for water-air reclamation of soils, and can find application on drainage and humidification systems.

A device for dispensing a liquid is known, comprising a reservoir with an outlet nozzle located at the bottom of the reservoir and a vertical inlet nozzle on which a valve is installed that forms a working cavity with a drain hole, connected through a tube to a nozzle, an airtight control tank with a drain nozzle and an air tube, the upper end of which is in communication with the atmosphere, and the lower end is located in the tank, and a second float, rigidly connected to the spool, installed with the possibility of blocking the drain hole working olosti (USSR Author's Certificate №1041997, cl. G05D 7/01, G05D 9/02, 1983).

A disadvantage of the known device is insufficiently reliable operation in conditions where it is necessary to manually draw a certain amount of water into the adjustment tank and visually monitor this level. Accordingly, the time of emptying the tank is difficult to reconcile with the time of its filling. The storage tank is installed at a high point above the bottom of the tank and leads to significant efforts to control the spool. These efforts reduce the reliability of the device and, consequently, the reliability of its operation. In addition, there is no implementation of the use in order to significantly improve the water-air regime of the soil due to fluctuations in the upper capillary rim, and the yield of agricultural crops is reduced. cultures. Moreover, it is ineffective for preventing soil overmoistening in rainy periods, and all this cannot affect the metabolism in the soil-plant system. The device has the lagging property of the process of overshooting the training tube with a replaceable diaphragm. Like the spool itself with the possibility of overlapping the drain hole.

The closest to the purpose of the proposed is a drainage and humidification system, including a closed collector, drains, humidifiers, a vacuum device, which is made in the form of a spool mechanism with a drive, a tank with a float, a time switch connected to a collector and a reservoir (USSR Author's Certificate No. 794111 Cl. E02B 11/00, 1981).

However, such a drainage and humidification system has the lagging property of the overshoot process of the pumping station, like the spool rod through a controlled relay with a drive, which is limited with the supply and cost of electricity. In addition, in the practice of operation, these energy-intensive costs do not always justify efficiency for obtaining high agricultural production. cultures. At the same time, when regulating the flow rate of the system, restructuring by a given volume of tank discharging is not taken into account in accordance with its emptying time in each specific case, when the soil porosity is different in its mechanical composition, i.e. it is not possible to change the control setpoint within the specified limits.

The purpose of the invention is to increase work efficiency by improving reliability and reducing operating costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the drainage and humidification system, including a closed collector, drains, humidifiers, a vacuum device, which is made in the form of a spool mechanism with a drive, and a tank with a float, a time relay, the system is made in the form of sequentially located water distribution executive body, in which introduced a vertical pipe with a membrane actuator, a spool mechanism in the form of two pistons and a rotary valve with a control pipe, and the submembrane cavity tical pipe is equipped with a calibrated hole in interaction with the atmosphere outside the vertical pipe. At the same time, the shutoff valve of the water distributor is connected to the spool mechanism and to the float actuator by pivotally connected to them and secured with the possibility of vertical movement using levers, the latter is rigidly fixed to the rod of the float, and the drain pipe of the spool mechanism is communicated through a non-return valve with an inlet irrigation pipe. In addition, in order to reduce the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the shut-off element, the latter is made in the form of a plate, and the permembrane cavity of the chamber is connected to a vertical pipe and communicated through a control pipe equipped with a valve with a switch, the shank of which is fixed to one end of the lever pivotally with the rod of the float actuator , which is limited from vertical movement by the upper and lower stops, above and below the limit level in the storage tank, and the switch is fixed by means of mounted in the upper part of the bracket, while in the storage tank there is a siphon connected with a slewing crane with a drive, a counterweight container is fixed at one end and a counterweight is attached to the other.

The proposed drainage and humidification system is aimed at eliminating these shortcomings due to the design, which allows you to maintain the water pressure that occurs in a closed irrigation pipeline due to the water distribution executive body in the form of a control membrane chamber with a vertical pipe installed. Therefore, the combination of all the elements of a block-modular system can increase reliability in operation, eliminate the cost of electricity during the operation of such a system. It should be noted that this connection associated with transients in the actuation mode of the shut-off element, the storage tank with a float actuator, siphon and other control elements of the drainage and humidification system allows you to create a sequential closed system for regulating the water-air regime of the soil due to the rational fluctuation of the upper soil layer , which accelerates the metabolism in the soil-plant system, and receive pure agricultural products. In addition, this connection, associated with transients in these modes, provides the necessary conditions for water-air regime of the soil, reduces operating costs, hydraulic automation of irrigation and saving of irrigation water occurs by eliminating the discharge when the system is switched off for adjustment and the efforts are hydraulically unloaded as on the shut-off body, and the control of the storage tank with a float actuator and a slewing valve through control pipelines with control valves.

The effectiveness of the proposed system is determined by the ability to adjust the spool mechanism due to the operating time of the storage tank, which allows their connection with a rotary valve, to the possibility of moving the shut-off element up or down, and the float drive, respectively, with respect to the limit stops.

The system has a linear arrangement, due to the binding of a closed irrigation pipeline with placement in a well and communication with a closed collector with drains-humidifiers. The system can be turned off at any time only by closing the valve-regulator on any of the elements of the device on a block-modular system.

Figure 1 shows a block-modular drainage and humidification system, top view; figure 2 - General view of the drainage and moisturizing system; figure 3 - section aa in figure 2 and section bb.

The drainage and humidification system contains inlet 1 and outlet 2 pipelines interconnected by a water distribution executive body, consisting of an installed vertical pipe 3 and a pressure working chamber 4 with a membrane 5 separated from it with a rod 6. The pipe 3 has a calibrated opening 7 connected to the atmosphere , and is fixed to the housing 8, in the saddle of which a valve 9 is installed, blocking the outlet opening 10 of the saddle of the housing 8, which communicates the outlet pipe 2. At the same time, the supramembrane cavity 11 of the chamber 4 is communicated and the inlet 12, and the rod 6 is passed through the guides 13 of the housing 8 and the cover 14 in the upper part of the chamber 4. The rod 6 is connected through a hinge 15 with a lever 16, which is connected by a hinge 17 to the rod 18 of the spool mechanism 19. The spool mechanism 19 is made in the form a cylinder in which the double piston 20 can move with the possibility of reciprocating movement of them, and the design of the articulated lever mechanism through the lever 21 is rigidly connected to the rod 22 connected to the float 23. The float 23 is placed inside the tank 24, which is fixed on vertical supports 25. In addition, the rod 22 is connected with a pivot-parallelogram mechanism. The pivot-parallelogram mechanism in the upper part has a bracket 26 for securing the linkage with a switch 27 and a siphon 28, on the outlet branch of which a valve-regulator 29 is fixed. In the bottom of the storage tank 24 there is an inlet with a pipe 30 connected to the pipe 31 with a valve 32 and the drain hole is equipped with a valve 33.

The spool mechanism 19 of the hydraulic connection in its initial part is powered from the inlet pressure pipe 1 (possibly from another pressure source) through a pipe 34 with a valve 35 connected to the inlet pipe 36 of the spool mechanism 19, and the outlet pipe 37 is connected to the drain pipe 38 and through the return a valve 39 (it is possible that it is spring loaded) with a baffle 40 is connected to the supply pressure pipe 1. The second outlet pipe 41 is connected to a closed manifold 42, to which a drain-humidifier system 43 is connected.

The hydraulic control pipe 34, respectively, passes through a slewing valve 44 with a sleeve provided with a slewing lever 45, at one end of which a storage tank 46 with a valve 47 is pivotally attached, and a counterweight 48 is attached to the other. The load moment 47 is significantly greater than the moment from the hollow tank the drive 46. In this case, the lower elbow of the siphon 28 is a drain, and its curved end 49 is placed coaxially above the storage tank 46.

With this ratio of moments, the initial position (normal) of the counterweight 48 is lower, and the empty storage tank 46 is upper, while the rotary valve 44 connected to the control pipe 34 of the hydraulic connection is in the open position. When changing the positions of the counterweight 48 and the storage tank 45 (when filling it with water), the valve 44 is closed.

The pivot-parallelogram mechanism consists of an upper 50 and a lower 51 levers, one end of which is pivotally connected to the rod 22, and the other, the upper, is connected to the on-off switch 27. The on-off switch 27 (upper) is made in the form of a cylindrical body 52 in which radial holes 53 are located , 54. A rotary plug made in the form of a spool 55 is placed inside the cylindrical body 52, and the protruding shaft 56 is attached to the lever 50, and the movement of the upper lever 50 is limited by the upper stop 58 and the lower s arm 51 - the lower abutment 59. In the spool 55 there is an axial hole 60, as well as a flat 61 (groove), located in the same secant plane with the indicated radial holes.

The supmembrane cavity of the chamber 4 is connected by a hydraulic pipe 62 with a valve 63 with a supply pipe 1, a hydraulic pipe 64 with a valve 65 and with a switch 27.

The combination of the articulated parallelogram mechanism with the stem 22 and the fastening with the bracket 26 avoids distortions in the vertical movement of the float and the lever element of the spool mechanism 19, as well as the actuator with the valve 9.

Drainage system works as follows.

When mounting the system on a closed supply pipe 1 in the well (Fig. 1), a body 8 of a water distribution executive body with a vertical pipe 3 and a working chamber 4 is attached. The set differential value between the bottom of the storage tank 23 and the depth of the supply pipe 1 is set. In the installed position fix the remaining elements of the devices. In this case, there is no water in the storage tank 24, and the float 23 occupies the lowest position at which the movement of the lever 51 is limited by the stop 59. The supply pipe is not yet filled with water to a predetermined pressure mode.

When water enters the supply pipe 1, the system is in a position where a poppet valve 9 is drawn to the seat hole 10 in the housing 8, and the double piston 20 is in the cylindrical housing in the lower position so that the inlet pipe 32 is on one side of the spool 19, and the pressure in the chamber 4 of the membrane actuator increases. The membrane 5 bends downward in the chamber 4, in the cavity 11 of which the water pressure acting on the membrane 5 is significantly increased. Air from the vertical pipe 3 through the opening 7 enters the atmosphere. The force from the membrane 5 is transmitted through the stem 6 to the valve 9, since the pipe 3 is freed from air (gas), making it possible to close the poppet valve 9 and providing the possibility of creating a pressure mode in the pipe 1. As the pipe 1 is filled, the pressure in it increases in this case, at the same time, water enters the hydraulic pipe 63 inside the cylindrical body 52 of the switch 27 closed by the spool 55. In this case, when the water pressure in the pipeline 1 increases, water enters the pipeline 33 He brought the cavity of the spool mechanism 19 into the collector 42 and then into the drainage humidifiers 43. Leaving the drainage moisturizers 43, moisture penetrates the capillary system of the soil to its surface more intensively, displacing carbon dioxide to the leaves of agricultural crops. plants that intensifies photosynthesis. In the mode of water injection, the upper boundary of the capillary rim in the drawing is shown by a dashed line.

At the same time, when the valve-regulator 35 is open on the pipeline 34, the rotary valve 44 is open, as a result of this, the counterweight tank 46 is in the upper position, and the counterweight 48 is in the lower position. Water enters the storage tank 24, activates the float 23 with the rod 18, and when the maximum level in the tank 24 is reached, the float 23 stops and occupies the highest position at which the lever 50 is limited by the upper stop 58. The supply pipe is filled with water. In this case, the incoming water through the pipe 64 in the switch 27 through the flats 61 and the hole 53 begins to pour into the atmosphere, reducing the water pressure on the regulatory body - the membrane 5, which makes the weight of the stem 6 with the valve 9 in the housing 8 will decrease. At the same time, the water in the tank 24, having reached the hood of the siphon 28, begins to overflow into the right branch and fills the bent elbow 49, i.e. the siphon 28 is fully charged and water is supplied to the storage tank 24, and an increase in the water level therein increases the moment above the moment from the weight of the counterweight 48, the lever 45 rotates, which helps to close the culvert in the slewing valve 44 and stop the flow of water into the tank 24 , i.e. the flow of water into the tank 24 is stopped, and the water is removed by a siphon 28. In addition, simultaneously with the filling of the tank 24 (the upper position of the float 23), the double piston 20 of the spool mechanism 19 will move up, open the outlet pipe 41 connected to the collector 42 and connected to humidifier drains 43, and the inlet pipe 36 will block, and the outlet pipes 41 and 37 will be connected through the cavity of the spool cylinder 19.

Due to the fact that the water in transit enters the discharge pipe 2 with the valve 9 open, the pressure in the supply pipe 1 drops, water is sucked from the drain pipe 38, the check valve 39 is lowered onto the partition 40 and the water is drained into the pipe 1. Then, the moisture is sucked out soil through drains 43 collectors 42.

But in view of the fact that the float 23 with the stem 22 will lower in the tank and be balanced by the weight of the stem 18 with the piston 20 and the weight of the stem 6 with an actuator in the form of a membrane 5 and valve 9, the time for draining the moisture from the soil and the upper boundary of the capillary rim is lowered to the calculated one, and air is sucked into the soil. It should be noted the positive effect of the vacuum created at the point of discharge of water into the supply pipe 1, and the check valve in the form of a ball 38 serves both to reduce water hammer when closing the hole in the pipe 38, and to prevent the rapid flow of water during pressure operation from pipe 1 from the side lower piston 20. There will be no pressure on the piston.

The action of the proportional part of the system as a whole ends there, and a new cycle of work arrives. The total weight of the float and other elements of the system devices is selected by calculation, and their sizes are different.

Moisture suction time depends on the general connection between the operation of the membrane actuator, the switch, the spool and the operation of the tank with a siphon associated with a slewing valve.

Communication can be realized by tuning (adjustable) valves-regulators on control pipelines and a valve on the outlet branch of the siphon.

After the end of the system, the valve-regulator 35 is closed and the water intake from the pipeline 1 is stopped by turning off the water at the head water intake. After a specified time, determined by the schedule of the water-air regime of the soil, the system is ready for a new cycle of work. The spool piston will again be in operation with the valve 35 open, and the pressure in the pipe 1 will become elevated relative to the set value.

The proposed drainage and humidification system has a wide area of application compared to the known system, since if there is a combination of these elements, the process of water passage and suction from drains allows you to create an automatic process control system that provides soil with fertilizers and microelements over a wider range of preset times depending on the composition of the soil, which affects the metabolism in the soil-plant system for various prevailing soils depending on zoning.

The proposed air-water regulation system allows you to create closed hydraulic automated drainage and humidification systems in land reclamation, allows you to get the required agricultural productivity with the efficient use of such land.

Claims (6)

1. Drainage and humidification system, including a closed manifold, drainage humidifiers, a vacuum device, which is made in the form of a spool mechanism with a drive and a tank with a float, a time switch, characterized in that the system is made in the form of sequentially located and interconnected water distribution executive the body into which the vertical pipe with a membrane actuator is inserted, a spool mechanism in the form of two pistons, a tank with a float and a slewing valve with a control pipe. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the submembrane cavity of the vertical pipe is equipped with a calibrated hole in interaction with the atmosphere outside the vertical pipe. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutoff valve of the water distributor is connected to the spool mechanism and to the float actuator by means of a pivotally mounted and fixed with the possibility of vertical movement of the rod using a lever, the latter is rigidly fixed to the rod of the float. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain pipe of the spool mechanism is communicated through a check valve with an inlet irrigation pipe. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to reduce the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the shut-off member, the latter is made in the form of a plate, and the supmembrane chamber of the chamber is connected to a vertical pipe and communicated through a control pipe equipped with a valve with a switch, the shank of which is fixed with one end of the lever with the rod of the float actuator, which is limited by the upper and lower stops above and below the limit level in the storage tank, and the switch is fixed by means of a mounted at the top of the bracket capacity. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that a siphon is installed in the storage tank associated with a slewing crane having a drive in the form of a slewing lever, at one end of which a counterweight container is mounted, and a counterweight is mounted at the other.

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