RU2530514C1 - Method of production of biohumus and unit for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of production of biohumus consists in recycling organic wastes by red Californian worms of species Eisenia foetida in an amount of not less than 250 thousand units/m³. The hopper should be initially filled to a height of maximum 20 cm and after a certain time the operation of placing the organic wastes into the hopper is repeated, and the total amount of organic wastes in the hopper does not exceed a height of 80 cm, moreover, the IR-heater enables to separate the remaining worms from the finished biohumus by increasing the temperature at the bottom of the hopper to an unacceptable for the life of worms. The unit for production of biohumus comprises a hopper of rectangular shape with a discharging tray in the lower part, a heating jacket for maintaining optimal conditions, the IR heater to separate worms, the perforated pipes for aeration of organic waste, and the discharging tray consists of two parts, the width of one part of the tray should be equal to the width of the hopper, and in each part of the tray there is an IR-heater and the perforated pipes on the perimeter.

EFFECT: inventions enable to reduce the duration of the technological processes, to reduce energy consumptions for the technological processes.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the processing of organic waste.

A known method for the production of vermicompost, which includes loading the substrate with worms into a container with holes in the bottom, while at least 3 times a day the substrate is watered to maintain a moisture content of at least 80%. Excess moisture and moistened coprolite are removed from the holes in the bottom of the tank (RU 2363688 C1, 08/10/2009).

The disadvantage of this method is: leaching of nutrients from vermicompost; special drying of vermicompost to a moisture content of 40-50% is required, therefore, additional energy consumption; the difficulty of removing the finished substrate, since under the action of gravity the finished product will be difficult to pass through the holes, the effect of arch formation may also occur; intensive manual labor, since watering is required at least 3 times a day.

Also known is a method based on the movement of worms from a less nutrient medium to a more nutrient medium. The installation is a multi-tiered rack with vertical racks, tiers are equipped with pallets. A bed of compost is formed on the pallet, populated by worms, and a gradual build-up of the upper layer for the migration of worms is performed. Next, the completely processed bottom layer is removed (RU 2108998 C1, 04/20/1996).

The disadvantages of this method is: the need to prepare compost for the formation and buildup of the bed; the need to maintain the parameters necessary for the life of the worms in the room, that is, additional energy costs; a long cycle of processing one bed - 105-115 days, which makes the method unacceptable for industrial use.

Closest to this invention is a plant containing a cylindrical tank for processing in the working part and cone-shaped at the base, while a layer of manure with worms and unprocessed manure is laid in the plant. The installation has a mixing device and a device for aeration with compressed air. 1 time in 2-3 days, the mass is loosened and supplied with air. The optimal temperature regime is maintained using a thermo shirt (RU 2109000 C1, 04/20/1998 - prototype).

The disadvantages of this method are: firstly, a long technological process (20-25 days); secondly, injury to the worms by the working body; thirdly, high energy costs are required to separate the worms from the finished product and to ensure technological processes, which leads to additional material costs.

An object of the invention is to reduce the duration of technological processes, reduce energy costs for technological processes and the separation of worms from the finished biohumus. In addition, the developed installation excludes injury to the worms, since there are no devices with cutting or traumatic parts.

The problem is achieved in the method of processing organic waste (cattle manure neutralized to pH 7-8 is used as organic waste) and the stock of red California worms of the species Eisenia foetida in an amount of at least 250 thousand pieces / m ³ , while the bunker should initially be filled to a height of not more than 20 cm. After a certain time, the operation of filling organic waste into the hopper is repeated, while the total amount of organic waste in the hopper should not exceed a height of 80 cm. The natural migration of worms from a less nutrient medium to a more nutritious one occurs. Optimum temperature conditions are maintained with the help of a thermal jacket; humidity conditions are maintained by irrigation. The IR heater allows you to separate the remaining worms from the finished vermicompost by increasing the temperature at the bottom of the hopper to an unacceptable worm for life, while additional drying of the finished vermicompost takes place.

After adding fresh organic waste and separating the remaining worms from the finished biohumus, the finished biohumus is unloaded from the unit by moving the pan. In one part of the pallet, a 20 cm layer of ready biohumus remains, and in another part of the pallet, a layer of unprocessed organic waste with worms is lowered. Next, the processing cycle is repeated. In addition, the task is achieved in the installation, which is a rectangular-shaped hopper with an unloading tray in the lower part, a heat jacket to maintain optimal conditions, an IR heater to separate the worms, and perforated pipes for aeration of organic waste.

The combination of essential features provides a reduction in energy costs due to the fact that it is not required to maintain optimal conditions in the entire room, the simplification of technological processes; increases the productivity of the installation, which helps to reduce the cost of the finished biohumus.

The proposed method of producing vermicompost is as follows (see figure 1, figure 2).

Prepared organic waste is laid in a rectangular bunker 1, which has an unloading tray 2 at the bottom. It is populated by the worm culture, and the process of processing organic waste begins. Optimum conditions are maintained by using a thermal jacket 3. In the discharge pan is an infrared heater 4.

The unloading pallet consists of two identical parts. The width of one part of the pallet should be equal to the width of the hopper. In each part of the pan there is an IR heater 4. In addition, perforated pipes 5 for aeration are located along the perimeter of each part of the pan. The movement of the pallet occurs along the guides 6.

Thus, the proposed method and installation for the production of vermicompost reduce the duration of the process, reduce the use of manual labor, reduce energy consumption to maintain optimal conditions for the life of the worms.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing biohumus, which consists in processing organic waste (cattle manure neutralized to pH 7-8 is used as organic waste) with red California worms of the species Eisenia foetida in an amount of at least 250 thousand pieces / m ³ , with the bunker should initially be filled to a height of not more than 20 cm and after a certain time the operation of laying organic waste into the hopper is repeated, while the total amount of organic waste in the hopper should not exceed a height of 80 cm, in addition, IR This allows you to separate the remaining worms from the finished vermicompost by increasing the temperature at the bottom of the bunker to an unacceptable worm for life. 2. Plant for the production of biohumus, consisting of a rectangular hopper with an unloading tray at the bottom, a heat jacket to maintain optimal conditions, an infrared heater for separating worms, perforated pipes for aeration of organic waste, while the unloading tray consists of two parts, width one part of the pallet should be equal to the width of the hopper and in each part of the pallet is an infrared heater and perforated pipes around the perimeter.

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