RU2518920C2 - Electric heat accumulating heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering and can be used for heating and temperature control. An electric heat accumulating heater comprises a casing, heat accumulating substance and an electric heater connected to a power supply source. Novelty is that the electric heater is made as a conductive layer interacting with a movable electrode and comprising carbon nanomaterial above which a heat accumulating dielectric layer is provided. The device is characterised by highly efficient heat accumulation and possibility of changing the power with the step of 2 W and a wide control range from 10 W to 20 W.

EFFECT: invention allows for reduced power losses and increased heating rate control efficiency.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy and can be used for heating and thermoregulation of premises.

Known free-convection electric heat accumulator containing a thermally insulated body, equipped in the lower part with an air inlet and a regulating body, a heat-accumulating nozzle with heaters and with vertical channels in it for the passage of heated air, as well as an additional thermally insulated unheated vertical channel for lowering air movement, placed outside the casing and connected in the upper part to the channels for heated air in the nozzle, and in the lower one equipped with outlets dnym pipe. The battery is equipped with an output opening located in the upper part of the additional channel and an additional regulating flap with fins installed in it, the regulating body at the inlet of the heated air is made in the form of flaps placed in front of each channel in the nozzle, while the additional channel is made with fins, In the case in front of the additional vertical channel, a control damper is installed (RF Patent No. 2063585, IPC F24H 7/02, 1996).

The disadvantage of the presented device is the difficulty of regulation.

A storage type electric water heater is also known, comprising a thermal energy storage device, including an electric heating element located in the main vessel, the cavity of which is completely filled with liquid and steam of this liquid, an auxiliary vessel, the lower point of the cavity of which is hydraulically connected to the lower point of the main vessel, and the upper one is connected to the atmosphere as well as a heat exchange element in contact with the thermal energy storage device, and pipelines of cold and hot water connected to it. The heat energy storage device further includes a heat accumulator, in which an electric heating element and a temperature sensor are located, the signal of which controls the operation of the electric heating element through a logic device, and a mixer, to which cold and hot water pipelines and an outlet water supply are connected through flow regulators, and a heat exchange element made in the form of a recuperative heat exchanger (RF Patent No. 2135904, IPC F24H 1/20, F24H 7/02, 1999).

The disadvantage of the presented device is the complexity of the design and control system.

A known electric heater containing a housing inside which is located a capsule filled to 95% of the volume with a heat storage substance with a phase transition in the operating temperature zone, and electric heating elements connected to a power source, use a eutectic mixture of sodium and calcium chloride salts as a heat storage substance. In this design, a safety valve is mounted on the capsule, connected to the air volume of the capsule, around which one or more electric heaters are placed (RF Patent No. 2103618 F24H 7/02, F24D 15/02, 1998).

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and the need to use safety elements, which themselves can be the cause of an emergency when a salt melt enters the safety valve - when starting a cold device, pressure relief will become impossible. Such a device requires the introduction of an additional regulation system to maintain a rational temperature regime and to exclude overheating of heating elements.

The objective of the invention is to reduce energy losses and increase the efficiency of regulation of heating power.

The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that in an electrothermal storage heater containing a housing, a heat storage substance and an electric heater connected to a power source, the electric heater is made of an electrically conductive layer interacting with a movable electrode containing carbon nanomaterial, over which a heat storage dielectric layer is located.

The movable electrode is made in the form of a cone mounted on a spring-loaded piston equipped with a hollow rod with an adjusting nut.

A layer of silicone is placed between the electrically conductive layer containing carbon nanomaterial and the heat-accumulating dielectric layer.

The case is enclosed in a shirt equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging the medium and thermal insulation.

The implementation of an electric heater from an electrically conductive layer interacting with a movable electrode containing carbon nanomaterial, over which a heat-accumulating dielectric layer is located, reduces energy losses and improves the efficiency of heating power regulation by using the ohmic properties of the electrically conductive layer and simplifying and increasing the reliability of the heating power regulation process. This ensures the expansion of the functionality of the device, since the heating power depends on the contact surface of the movable electrode and the electrically conductive layer, which is ensured by the conical shape of the movable electrode. When the set temperature is reached, the movable electrode is automatically diverted by the forces of volume expansion of the electrically conductive and heat-accumulating materials and re-enabled when they are cooled to the set temperature.

The implementation of the movable electrode in the form of a cone, mounted on a spring-loaded piston equipped with a hollow rod with an adjusting nut, allows to simplify the use of the device by eliminating complex control devices, which improves the efficiency of regulation of heating power

The room between the electrically conductive layer containing carbon nanomaterial and the heat-accumulating dielectric layer of the silicone interlayer provides the convenience of using the device — its operability is maintained in any spatial position.

The enclosure of the body in a shirt equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging the medium and thermal insulation provides a reduction in energy losses and increased usability, since to solve various problems it is enough to connect to the nozzles for supplying the medium.

The electrothermal storage heater provides adaptive energy consumption with such coolants as air and water, with the possibility of heat accumulation and maintaining a rational temperature regime.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation, where figure 1 shows a General view of the electric storage device.

The list of items indicated in the drawing:

1 - housing;

2 - conductive layer;

3 - layer;

4 - layer with heat-accumulating dielectric material;

5 - electrode;

6 - the piston;

7 - washer;

8 - hairpin;

9 - stock;

10 - insulating tube;

11 - an elastic element;

12 - a casing;

13 - pipe supply medium;

14 - pipe outlet medium

15 - thermal insulation;

16 - sleeve;

17 - adjusting nut;

18 - electrical contact;

19 - grounding.

The electrothermal storage heater (Fig. 1) contains a finned body 1 in which an electrically conductive layer 2 is placed, for example, carbon nanomaterial mixed with paraffin, an impermeable elastic layer 3 of silicone, a bulk layer with heat-accumulating dielectric material 4 with a phase transition, for example paraffin, electrode 5 made in the form of a cone, the base of which is fixed on the piston 6 through a washer 7 made of a dielectric, with a pin 8 placed in the channel of the hollow rod 9 and enclosed in a tube 10 of dielectric material (fiberglass, ftoroplast F-4, etc.). Between the housing 1 and the rod 9 is placed an elastic element 11, made in the form of a conical spring. The housing 1 is enclosed in a casing 12 with a medium supply pipe 13, a medium discharge pipe 14 and heat insulation 15. The upper part of the housing 1 is provided with a sleeve 16 in which the rod 9 is mounted and with which the adjusting nut 17 mounted on the threaded end of the rod 9 interacts. the heater is fed through an electrical contact 18 at the end of the stud 8 and grounding 19 of the housing 1.

Electroheater storage heater operates as follows. When applying electric voltage to the contact electric 18, the voltage to the electrode 5 isolated from the piston 6 by the washer 7 is supplied through a stud 8, insulated by an insulating tube 10 isolated from the rod 9 and the piston 6. Electric current flows in the volume between the electrode 5 and the electrically conductive layer 2 to the housing 1 s grounding 19, resulting in volumetric heat release. Heat is transferred to the environment through the fins of the wall of the housing 1 and to the upper heat-accumulating layers 4. Heat is removed from the electrothermal storage heater by supplying medium (air or water) through the inlet and outlet of the medium 13 and 14 into the cavity between the housing 1 and the casing 12, enclosed in thermal insulation 15. When the phase transition temperature is reached in the electrically conductive layer 2 and in the layer with heat-accumulating dielectric material 4, an increase in volumes occurs, which is accompanied by the rise of the piston 6 and the movement of the electric 5 genus beyond impermeable layer 3 in the dielectric layers 4, resulting in the opening of the supply chain. In this case, the power consumption from the external source is stopped until the layers 2 and 4 cool down, which will cause a decrease in the volume of layers 2 and 4, and the elastic element 11 will return the electrode 5 to the electrically conductive layer 2. This will cause current re-flow and heat generation . Using the adjusting nut 17, the rod 9 can move relative to the sleeve 16, while changing the immersion height of the electrode 5 in the electrically conductive layer 2, which allows you to change the power of the device.

Comparative tests of an electrothermal storage heater with traditional electric heating means (heating elements and nichrome spirals) showed a 30% reduction in energy losses during the transfer of the released heat to such coolants as air and water. This is due to the highly efficient heat storage and the ability to change power in increments of 2 W and a wide control range from 10 W to 20 kW.

Claims (4)

1. Electroheater storage heater comprising a housing, a heat storage substance and an electric heater connected to a power source, characterized in that the electric heater consists of an electrically conductive layer interacting with a movable electrode containing carbon nanomaterial, above which a heat storage dielectric layer is located. 2. Electroheater storage heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable electrode is made in the form of a cone mounted on a spring-loaded piston equipped with a hollow rod with an adjusting nut. 3. The electrothermal storage heater according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer of silicone is placed between the electrically conductive layer containing carbon nanomaterial and the heat-accumulating dielectric layer. 4. Electroheater storage heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is enclosed in a shirt equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging the medium and thermal insulation.

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