RU2518129C2 - Method for making nylon dental prosthesis with teeth of any crown height and dental prosthesis for implementing it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science, namely to prosthodontic treatment, and is applicable in making removable nylon prosthesis for the upper front teeth, including high-crown ones, such as pointed teeth. Both jaws are impressed. Master moulds are cast of die stone. Working and additional models are placed into an occludator. A future prosthesis is delineated on the working model. A wax basis is made of a wax plate. A tooth is moulded in wax, mounted in a tray and placed in boiling water. The wax is extracted and replaced by acryl. After removing, the acryl tooth is processed and polished. A socket is drilled in a base of the acryl tooth. At least two through canals are drilled from the socket above a gingival level on a palatolateral and palatomedial tooth surface. A shallow notch is made a little above the socket bottom on the outside along the whole circular length with using a ball-shaped bur. The artificial tooth with retention canals and peripheral notch is aligned with a bite and mounted on the wax basis. After the tooth is arranged, an incisal-tooth-gingival rest is moulded. The model is prepared for casting in the tray, and the teeth that can be used as retention points are ground off. The model is cast in a lower portion of the tray. Before the upper portion of the tray is cast, a gate system is mould of wax. Both portions of the tray are coupled together and bolted up. Dental stone setting up is followed by unscrewing and placing in boiling water for 10 minutes. The tray is opened, residual wax is washed out with hot water, and mould and counter-mould surfaces are processed with a divisional polish. After the division polish dries, the tray portions are connected and screwed. The prepared tray is inserted into a heated injection machine, wherein nylon under pressure fills all the retention canals of the tooth extending in the cone bells, encloses and crimps the notch along the periphery. Further, the tray is removed from the injection machine. The tray is left at a room temperature for 20 minutes and then placed in cold water until cooled completely. After the tray is opened, the prosthesis is removed, cleaned from dental stone, processed and polished. The prosthesis is applied into an animal.

EFFECT: method enables making the removable nylon prosthesis of the upper front teeth in dogs, including high-crown teeth, such as pointed teeth by creating special retention canals and peripheral notches in the acryl tooth.

4 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to dental prosthetics in veterinary medicine and can be used in the manufacture of removable nylon prostheses of the upper frontal group of teeth, including teeth with a high crown such as fangs.

The prior art known and the closest solution is a method of manufacturing a nylon prosthesis. The method is based on stages that are divided into clinical and laboratory.

Clinical stage: design selection, impression taking, transferring them to the laboratory. Laboratory steps: casting a model from super gypsum. The model should be cast so that all boundaries are clear. Then draw the boundaries with a chemical pencil of the future prosthesis. The borders of removable prostheses will be the same as those of acrylic ones, but the clasps of them extend the prosthesis and pass above the equator of the tooth and below the gingival roller formed in the neck of the tooth. When the boundaries are outlined, the model is prepared for duplication. At this stage, undercut zones are blocked. It is important to prepare the abutment teeth for the painless passage of the prosthesis. Blocking on the abutment teeth is carried out using a parallelometer. Traumatic zones after tooth extraction and all abnormalities are blocked. Next, a duplicate model is made of gypsum at least grade 4. From the moment a duplicate model is created up to the processing stage, all work will be done on a duplicate. A wax base is made from a wax plate. Retention holes are made in the teeth. Next, perform the statement, as on a removable prosthesis. Make the final simulation. Modeling should be impeccable, as nylon is very difficult to handle. Prepare a cuvette special for pressing nylon. The cuvette is lubricated with vaseline oil from the inside and a class 3 super gypsum is bred for gypsum. Gypsum is carried out using a removable denture system. As soon as the gypsum has hardened, a gate is made of wax and stick it monolithically to the edge of the base of the prosthesis. Twist the cuvette diagonally with four bolts. The cuvette is placed in water for 15 minutes to isolate.

Pour the second part, tapping well, or on a vibrating table. After the gypsum has hardened, it is necessary to unscrew the bolts and place the cuvette in boiling water for 10 minutes. Then open the cuvette, wash the remnants of the wax with hot water, treat the surface of the mold and counterform with separating varnish. It is necessary to ensure that the varnish does not fall both on the surface of the acrylic tooth, and in the retention holes. After the separation varnish dries, connect the cuvette and tighten all the bolts.

The thermoplastic is being prepared for work. You can use nylon, packaged in aluminum cartridges and in plastic packaging. Turn on the heating element of the injection machine and warm it to the required temperature, depending on the type of nylon selected. The cartridge is inserted into the injection machine. After warming up the cartridge, the prepared cuvette is inserted into the injection machine and fixed tightly with the help of clamps. Under high pressure, nylon fills the spaces previously modeled with wax.

Remove the cuvette from the injection machine. Leave the cuvette at room temperature for 20 minutes and then place it in cold water until completely cooled. The cuvette should cool to room temperature not only outside but also inside. If you open the cuvette and remove the prosthesis from it warm, it will give a linear shrinkage and will not correspond to the master model. After the cell is opened and the prosthesis is removed, it is cleaned of gypsum. For a more accurate cleaning of the prosthesis, you can use an ultrasonic bath with the addition of liquid to clean the plaster from plastic. After that, it is processed. First, we cut the sprues with a disk, remove the irregularities with an acrylic cutter with large sections at low speeds, and go through the boundaries of the prosthesis. In general, we do roughing. Processing and smoothing of the surface occurs with the help of burs, mills and rubber polishers with diamond spraying. The processing of the prosthesis and its correction in the clinic is carried out by a milling cutter with large incisions. Burrs and trailing threads are easily trimmed with a scalpel. The surface of the base is treated with dental gum and polished with a cotton brush with a special paste for nylon.

A disadvantage of the known technology is the general impossibility of removable dental prosthetics in dogs due to the fact that they do not have a pronounced clinical equator, not to mention prosthetics with high crowns such as fangs.

Today there is an acute problem of aesthetic prosthetics in dogs, especially canines in their natural crown height, so that this does not negatively affect the function of the entire dentition.

The aim of the present invention is to solve this problem.

The technical result of the claimed solution is the possibility of removable prosthetics of the upper frontal group of teeth in dogs, including teeth with a high crown such as fangs.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of manufacturing a nylon prosthesis, characterized by making impressions from both jaws, casting a master model from super gypsum of at least grade 4, installing the resulting working model with an auxiliary in the occluder, where the boundaries of the future prosthesis are drawn on the working model, a wax base is made from a wax plate; the tooth is modeled from wax, then plaster in a cuvette and placed in boiling water, where the wax is boiled and replaced with acrylic; after removing the acrylic tooth, it is treated and polished; an artificial tooth with retention canals and a groove around the periphery of the bite, respectively, is set on a wax basis, after the tooth is placed, modeling of the incisor-tooth-gingival clasp is started, then the model is prepared for gypsum casting in a cuvette, the teeth are ground on the working model, and they are kept in water for 15 minutes , the base of the cuvette is lubricated with liquid paraffin and the model is gypsum-plated in the lower half of the cuvette, then the two halves of the cuvette are joined and bolted, the cuvette is placed in water for 15 minutes to isolate, then the gypsum t the second half of the cuvette, which is also lubricated with petroleum jelly previously, after setting the gypsum, the screws are turned out, placed in boiling water for 10 minutes, then the cuvette is opened, the remaining wax is washed with hot water and the surface of the mold and counterform is treated with a separating varnish, it is necessary to ensure that the varnish does not get into both on the surface of the acrylic tooth and in the retention holes, after the separation varnish is dried, the halves of the cell are connected again, the bolts are tightened; after which the prepared cuvette is inserted into the heated injection machine and fixed tightly with the help of clamps, where, under pressure, nylon fills all the retention channels of the tooth, expanding in cone-shaped extensions, wraps and crimps the groove around the periphery; then the cuvette is removed from the injection machine, the cuvette is left at room temperature for 20 minutes and then placed in cold water until it is completely cooled, after the cuvette is opened and the prosthesis is removed, it is cleaned of gypsum, then it is treated and polished, then the prosthesis is applied to the animal, characterized in that in a tooth made of acrylic, a recess is drilled at the base, then at least two through channels extending above the gum level to the palatine lateral and palatal medial surface are drilled from the cavity tooth, also just above the bottom of the recess outside the entire circumference of the tooth with a spherical bur make a shallow groove.

Preferably, the channel outlets expand conically so that the apex of the cone is directed toward the recess, and when filling with nylon, cone-shaped recesses are also filled at the outlet.

The prosthesis is made of nylon by filling the cavities of the cuvette in an injection machine in which an acrylic tooth is filled, characterized in that a recess is made in the base of the tooth, from which at least two through channels are drilled, extending above the gum level onto the palatal lateral and palatal medial surface a tooth, and the through channels are filled with nylon, and a shallow groove is made outside the entire circumference of the tooth just above the bottom of the recess. Preferably, the channel outlets are expanded conically so that the apex of the cone is directed toward the recess, and the cone-shaped expansion area is also filled with nylon.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows photographs of measures to remove the impression from the jaw of the animal.

Figure 2 shows the working and auxiliary models.

Figure 3 shows the drawing of the boundaries of the future prosthesis on a working model.

Figure 4 shows the principle of implementation in the tooth recesses.

Figure 5 shows the principle of implementation in the tooth through channels.

Figure 6 shows the principle of filling the through channels of the tooth with nylon, where 10 is nylon.

7 shows a fixed tooth on a nylon prosthesis.

On Fig shows a wax model of the future prosthesis with a finished acrylic tooth, which is then placed in the injection machine and replaced with nylon, where 11 is a wax fill.

Figure 9 shows the finished prosthesis, where 12 is the finished basis of the prosthesis made of nylon.

The implementation of the invention

In the veterinary clinic, an impression is taken from the jaw with partial adentia (see Figure 1). An impression mass is used that does not create pressure on the prosthetic bed (alginate or low viscosity silicone). An impression is also taken from a healthy jaw.

A master model of super gypsum of at least grade 4 is cast in the laboratory. After the gypsum has hardened with a sharp tool on the master model, it is necessary to remove possible bubbles from the surfaces of the teeth and the prosthetic bed. In this case, the model is not duplicated, since the clinical equator is absent or weakly expressed on the dog’s teeth, so there are no undercuts. The resulting working model (2) with the auxiliary (1) (see Figure 2) is installed in the occluder, on the working model (2) the borders (3) of the future prosthesis are drawn (see Figure 3). A wax base is made from a wax plate. After making the wax basis, they begin to arrange the tooth.

A tooth similar to an antimer is modeled from wax. Then it is cast into a cuvette and placed in boiling water. Wax is boiled and replaced with acrylic. After removing the acrylic tooth, it is processed and polished. Since nylon does not have a chemical bond with acrylic, special retention points are created in the tooth. In a tooth made of acrylic (4) (see Figure 4), a recess (5) is drilled in the base with a large spherical bur (6). Then, through the channels (8) are drilled from the recess (5) using a drill (7) (see Figure 5), extending above the gum level onto the palatal lateral and palatal medial surface of the tooth (4) (at least two). The outputs of the channels (8) expand slightly on the cone (9) (the top of the cone is directed toward the recess). Also, a shallow groove is made with a spherical boron slightly above the bottom of the recess outside the entire circumference of the tooth.

An artificial tooth (4) with retention channels corresponding to the bite is set on a wax basis (11) (see Fig. 8). The tooth (4) should not be located directly on the alveolar ridge. There should be a wax layer between the artificial tooth and the alveolar ridge, otherwise the thermoplastic material may not enter the retention channels during injection. Make sure that there is room for a layer of polyamide material. After the tooth is placed, modeling of incisor-tooth-gingival clasps is started, while paying attention to the anatomical possibilities of their location. Then the model is prepared for plastering in a cuvette. On a working model, teeth are grinded, which can serve as retention points, without affecting the border of the wax composition. The wax base should have a glossy finish.

The model is plaster in a ditch. Prior to packaging, the model must be kept in water for 15 minutes. The base of the cell is lubricated with liquid paraffin so that the gypsum does not adhere to the cell. Care must be taken to ensure that oil does not enter the sprue hole. Class 3 super gypsum is bred in the proportions recommended by the manufacturer, and the model is gypsum-plated in the lower half of the cell. Gypsum undercuts formed by the model are covered. In gypsum, a place is made for the passage of the main sprue. Before pouring the upper half of the cell, it is necessary to form a gating system from the wax. It is necessary to ensure that the sprue hole is completely filled with wax, and the surface of the gypsum should be smooth and without undercuts. The second half of the cell is also smeared with petroleum jelly. Both halves of the cell are connected and secured with four bolts. Bolts are screwed in diagonally to eliminate possible distortions. The cuvette is placed in water for 15 minutes to isolate. Super gypsum is poured through the upper inlet. After the gypsum has hardened, it is necessary to unscrew the bolts and place the cuvette in boiling water for 10 minutes. Then open the cuvette, wash the remnants of the wax with hot water, treat the surface of the mold and counterform with separating varnish. It is necessary to ensure that the varnish does not fall both on the surface of the acrylic tooth, and in the retention holes. After the separation varnish dries, connect the cuvette and tighten all the bolts.

The thermoplastic is being prepared for work. You can use nylon, packaged in aluminum cartridges and in plastic packaging. Turn on the heating element of the injection machine and warm it to the required temperature, depending on the type of nylon selected. The cartridge is inserted into the injection machine. After warming up the cartridge, the prepared cuvette is inserted into the injection machine and fixed tightly with the help of clamps.

Under pressure, nylon (10) fills all the retention channels of the tooth (8) and, at the exit, expands in cone-shaped recesses (9) on the palatine-lateral and palatal-medial surfaces of the tooth (4) (see Fig. 6). Nylon also compresses the tooth, filling the groove along the periphery, thereby stabilizing and strengthening the tooth in the base area.

Next remove the cuvette from the injection machine. The cuvette is left at room temperature for 20 minutes and then placed in cold water until completely cooled. The cuvette should cool to room temperature not only outside but also inside. If you open the cuvette and remove the prosthesis from it warm, it will give a linear shrinkage and will not correspond to the master model. After opening the cuvette and removing the prosthesis (see Fig. 9), it is cleaned of gypsum. For a more accurate cleaning of the prosthesis, you can use an ultrasonic bath with the addition of liquid to clean the plaster from plastic. After that, it is processed. First, the sprues are cut with a disk. Milling cutter for acrylic with large sections at low speeds remove unevenness, go beyond the boundaries of the prosthesis. In general, they do roughing. Processing and smoothing of the surface occurs with the help of burs, mills and rubber polishers with diamond spraying.

The processing of the prosthesis and its correction in the clinic is carried out by a milling cutter with large incisions. Burrs and trailing threads are easily trimmed with a scalpel. The surface of the base is treated with dental gum and polished with a cotton brush with a special paste for nylon.

Claims (4)

1. A method of manufacturing a nylon prosthesis for dogs, in which an acrylic tooth is filled, characterized by imprints from both jaws, casting a master model from super gypsum of at least grade 4, installing the resulting working model with an auxiliary in the occluder, where the boundaries of the future prosthesis are drawn on the working model , a wax base is made from a wax plate; the tooth is modeled from wax, then plaster in a cuvette and placed in boiling water, where the wax is boiled and replaced with acrylic; after removing the acrylic tooth, it is treated and polished; an artificial tooth with retention canals and a groove around the periphery of the bite, respectively, is set on a wax basis, after the tooth is placed, modeling of the incisor-tooth-gingival clasp is started, then the model is prepared for gypsum plastering, the teeth are ground on the working model, and they are kept in water for 15 minutes , the base of the cuvette is lubricated with liquid paraffin and the model is gypsum-plated in the lower half of the cuvette, then the two halves of the cuvette are joined and bolted, the cuvette is placed in water for 15 minutes to isolate, then the gypsum the second half of the cuvette, which is also preliminarily lubricated with petroleum jelly, is removed, after the gypsum has set, the bolts are turned out, placed in boiling water for 10 minutes, then the cuvette is opened, the remaining wax is washed with hot water and the surface of the mold and counterform is treated with a separating varnish; both on the surface of the acrylic tooth and in the retention holes, after the separation varnish is dried, the halves of the cell are connected again, the bolts are tightened; after which the prepared cuvette is inserted into the heated injection machine and fixed tightly with the help of clamps, where, under pressure, nylon fills all the retention channels of the tooth, expanding in cone-shaped extensions, wraps and crimps the groove around the periphery; then the cuvette is removed from the injection machine, the cuvette is left at room temperature for 20 minutes and then placed in cold water until it is completely cooled, after the cuvette is opened and the prosthesis is removed, it is cleaned of gypsum, then it is treated and polished, then the prosthesis is applied to the animal, characterized in that in a tooth made of acrylic, a recess is drilled at the base, then at least two through channels extending above the gum level to the palatine lateral and palatal medial surface are drilled from the cavity tooth, also just above the bottom of the recess outside the entire circumference of the tooth with a spherical bur make a shallow groove. 2. A method of manufacturing a nylon prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the outputs of the channels expand conically so that the apex of the cone is directed to the recess, and when filling with nylon, cone-shaped recesses are also filled at the outlet. 3. A prosthesis for dogs made of nylon by filling the cavities of the cuvette in an injection machine in which an acrylic tooth is filled, characterized in that a recess is made in the base of the tooth, from which at least two through channels are drilled, extending above the gum level to the lateral lateral and the palatine-medial surface of the tooth, the through channels being filled with nylon, and a shallow groove is made outside the bottom of the recess outside the entire circumference of the tooth. 4. The prosthesis according to claim 3, characterized in that the channel exits are expanded conically in such a way that the apex of the cone is directed towards the recess, and the conical expansion zone is also filled with nylon.

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