RU2512256C2 - Universal flexible protective concrete mat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic engineering construction, namely, to hydraulic engineering structures, and may be used for fixation of underwater slopes, river and water reservoir shores, boards of canals, repair of ravines, and also as a weighing material of pipelines and their protection when installed via areas of water. The concrete mat comprises concrete blocks joined to each other with an embedded rope, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated pyramid with a common large rectangular base and with a smaller top. The upper part of concrete blocks is made in the form of a ball layer with a common large base and with a smaller top truncated with at least one inclined plane, stretching via a pyramid rib.

EFFECT: using the invention makes it possible to increase the period of operation of a protective mat.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to hydraulic structures, and can be used for fastening underwater slopes, riverbanks and ponds, canal sides, repairing ravines, and also as a weighting agent for pipelines and protecting them when laying through water areas.

State of the art

A flexible concrete coating for preventing soil erosion is disclosed in the prior art, disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,375,928, published March 8, 1983, containing concrete blocks interconnected by a monopolized rope, made in the form of double-sided truncated pyramids with a common rectangular base and with smaller vertices.

The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the short life, due to the hydrodynamic destruction of the upper elements of the blocks having a geometric shape, characterized by high hydrodynamic resistance.

The closest set of essential features to the claimed invention is a universal flexible protective concrete mat, described in the application EP 0608036, published 01/20/1994, containing concrete blocks connected by a monolithic rope, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated pyramid with a common large rectangular base and with a smaller apex, and the upper part is in the form of a hemisphere.

The disadvantage of this concrete mat is the significant absolute value of the shape resistance of the upper part of concrete blocks, due to the presence of vortex flows resulting from separation of the flow from the walls of the block, which reduces the life of the protective concrete mat as a whole and limits its scope to flows with a low flow rate.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the service life of a universal flexible protective concrete mat by reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the upper part of concrete blocks, which, accordingly, entails the expansion of the scope of use of the concrete mat by making it possible to use, including number, and in the case of flows with a high flow rate.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a universal flexible protective concrete mat (UGZBM) containing concrete blocks interconnected by a monolithic rope, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated pyramid with a common large rectangular base and with a smaller apex, the upper part of concrete blocks made in the form of a spherical layer with a common large base and with a smaller apex, truncated by at least one inclined plane passing through the edge of the pyramid. In this case, the spherical layer can be further truncated by at least one plane of rotation intersecting with the inclined plane.

The specified technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the height of the spherical layer does not exceed the height of the truncated pyramid, and the truncated pyramid can be made with an angle of inclination of the face 20-45 °. In addition, part of the concrete blocks of a universal flexible protective concrete mat can be made with a different ratio of the height of the spherical layer to the height of the truncated pyramid.

In addition, the universal flexible protective concrete mat can be optionally equipped with a synthetic fabric gasket.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a perspective view of a General view of a concrete block with a rectangular large base of the lower part of the universal flexible protective concrete mat;

figure 2 is a view of a concrete block in a perspective view with a square large base of the lower part of the universal flexible protective concrete mat;

figure 3 - concrete block universal flexible protective concrete mat, side view;

figure 4 - concrete block universal flexible protective concrete mat, top view;

figure 5 is a section along aa in figure 3;

figure 6 shows a universal flexible protective concrete mat, General view; Fig.7 is a universal flexible protective concrete mat, side view.

The best embodiment of the invention

Universal flexible protective concrete mat (UGZBM) consists of asymmetric blocks 1, interconnected by ropes 2.

For blocks 1, concrete is used, the composition of which is selected, preferably, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 27006-86 and the recommendations, manuals and methods of research institutes approved in the prescribed manner.

The actual strength of concrete (at the design age and tempering) should correspond to the required strength, assigned according to GOST 18105-86, depending on the normalized strength of concrete and on the indicator of the actual uniformity of concrete strength. The frost resistance of concrete of flexible flexible concrete mats must comply with the frost resistance grade F200 established by TU 5859-001-35842586-2009 in accordance with the requirements of chapter SNiP 2.03.01-84 depending on the climatic conditions of the construction area and the technical conditions specified in clause 1.3.6 production of universal flexible protective concrete mats. The water resistance of heavy concrete blocks must be in accordance with the W6 brand. The abrasion of concrete should be no more than 0.7 g / cm ² in accordance with GOST 13015.0-2003.

Concrete blocks 1 are connected together in order and in rows by monolithic rope 2 during the manufacturing process. To connect the blocks into mats, synthetic ropes with a diameter of 8 to 25 mm made of polyamide (kapron), polypropylene, polystyrene or polyester (lavsan) with a breaking load of 2000 kgf to 15000 kgf are preferably used as connecting reinforcing material.

The gap between the blocks 1 is preferably selected no more than 20 mm from the condition for eliminating the removal of crushed stone fraction 20-40 mm, used in some cases as a base under the mats. When performing a gap between blocks 1 exceeding 20 mm simultaneously with the rope, a gasket (not shown) in the synthetic fabric with holes made in it may be laid. The holes are of a technological nature and are designed to ensure the integrity of the entire structure of the concrete block. The distances between the holes are set so that the center of the hole coincides with the center of the base of the concrete block. The laying is preferably performed in the form of a mesh of polyamide (kapron) filament with a diameter of 3.5 mm with a square mesh size of 50 mm The use of synthetic fabric gaskets, which covers the gap between the concrete blocks and extends beyond the boundaries of the concrete coating, significantly increases the strength and operational reliability of the coating, and prevents the washing out of small fractions from the gaps between the blocks.

The lower part of each concrete block, which is in contact with the surface to be protected, is made in the form of a truncated pyramid with a common large rectangular base and with a smaller apex. Moreover, it is preferable that the angle of inclination of each face of the pyramid is 20-45 °. This shape of the bottom of the block allows you to increase the flexibility of the mat as a whole, as well as expand the scope of its application, since such a mat can be used to protect surfaces of various curvatures. The upper part of each concrete block, which is in contact with the aqueous medium, is made in the form of a spherical layer with a common large base and with a smaller peak, truncated by at least one inclined plane passing through the edge of the pyramid. In this case, the spherical layer is additionally truncated by at least one plane of rotation intersecting with the inclined plane. This shape of the upper part of the concrete block allows to reduce its hydraulic resistance. In addition, the resulting geometric shape of the upper part of the block contributes to the fact that the water flow during flow around the block does not break away from its outer surface, as a result of which there are no vortex flows that destroy the outer surface of the block.

To improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of a concrete block, its upper part (spherical layer) is preferably performed with a height not exceeding the height of the lower part of the block (truncated pyramid).

At the same time, in the universal flexible protective concrete mat (UGZBM), the same standard sizes of blocks can be used, as well as those that differ from each other. In particular, the mat can be made of the same concrete blocks with the same ratio of the height of the upper (spherical layer) and lower (truncated pyramid) parts of the block for each of them. If necessary, the mat can be made of concrete blocks with different ratios of heights of the upper and lower parts of the block. The execution of a part of concrete blocks with a different ratio of the height of the spherical layer to the height of the truncated pyramid is determined by the functional purpose of the mat and the specific conditions of its use, for example, for the case of reinforcing slopes and the bottom of the flow channel with a high flow rate, the central blocks of the mat can be made with the height of the spherical layer, significantly smaller height of the truncated pyramid, which will reduce their hydrodynamic resistance, and the blocks along the edges of the mat can be made with a height of the spherical layer equal to or not nachitelno at the height of the truncated pyramid, which will increase their weight and, accordingly, increase the adhesion with the protected slope.

Universal flexible protective concrete mats (UGZBM) are made, as a rule, using open molding technology in a forming tool, which consists of two parts - the lower one, which has a bottom, and the upper one, with open surfaces through which the concrete mixture is poured. The sequence of manufacture of mats, as a rule, is as follows: a connecting reinforcing rope is laid in the cleaned and greased lower parts of the forming equipment so that it passes along the central axes of the blocks that make up the mat. If necessary, a gasket is also laid. Then, a cover (the upper part of the equipment) is installed on the lower part of the mold and they are connected to each other, for example, are twisted with bolts. Concrete mixture is poured into the assembled forms and compacted on a vibrating table for uniform filling of the form with concrete mixture. After vibration compaction is completed, the exposed concrete surface is leveled by smoothing. The molds filled with concrete mixture are placed in a steaming chamber, and after the completion of steaming, the mold is removed from the steaming chamber, the upper cover is removed and the finished product is removed from the lower part.

The universal flexible protective concrete mats (UGZBM) made in this way always have one surface that is in contact with the bottom of the equipment, smoother than the other, exposed to open molding and leveling, which, as a rule, corresponds to the surface category of the concrete block A6 or A7 according to GOST 13015.0 -2003.

If necessary, the lower surface of each concrete block is machined to create artificial “roughness”, which ensures the use of a universal flexible protective concrete mat with its more reliable adhesion to the protected ground.

Universal flexible protective concrete mat (UGZBM) works as follows.

The manufactured universal flexible protective concrete mats are transported to the installation area and, using a special traverse, grab by the mounting loops and lowered by the lifting mechanism to the installation site so that the lower part of each concrete block of the protective mat is pressed against the protected underwater surface.

Claims (7)

1. A universal flexible protective concrete mat containing concrete blocks interconnected by a monolithic rope, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated pyramid with a common large rectangular base and with a smaller apex, characterized in that the upper part of the concrete blocks is made in the form of a spherical layer with a common a large base and with a smaller apex, truncated by at least one inclined plane passing through the edge of the pyramid. 2. The concrete mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical layer is additionally truncated by at least one plane of rotation intersecting with the inclined plane. 3. The concrete mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the spherical layer does not exceed the height of the truncated pyramid. 4. The concrete mat according to claim 1, characterized in that the truncated pyramid is made with an angle of inclination of the face 20-45 °. 5. The concrete mat according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the concrete blocks is made with a different ratio of the height of the spherical layer to the height of the truncated pyramid. 6. The concrete mat according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a gasket. 7. The concrete mat according to claim 6, characterized in that the gasket is made of synthetic fabric.

Images