RU2511783C1 - Burner for gas burning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: gas burner includes cylindrical shell, stabiliser, gas swirler, where cylindrical shell features adjustable gate valve for air supply and stabiliser with gas feed pipe, mounted axially at the other end of shell; secondary air swirler vanes are attached rigidly to external cylindrical surface, injector is attached coaxially and rigidly in the inner cavity at air and gas feed end with gas swirler vanes attached to outer injector surface and plate swirler of primary air with two swirl flows, mounted at inner injector surface, where vanes of gas and secondary air swirlers and plate swirler of primary air have the same rotation direction, and gas and secondary air swirlers have the same number of axial vanes attached rigidly; according to invention, flame emission sensor, electric motor for vane rotation in peripheral secondary air swirler and electric motor for air gate valve are added, so that emission sensor has electric link to electric motor for vane rotation in peripheral secondary air swirler and electric motor for air gate valve.

EFFECT: enhanced fuel combustion quality in all burner operation modes.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technology for burning gaseous fuels in boiler furnaces and furnaces.

Known burner for burning gaseous fuels, containing a housing, a reflector, an injector and an air supply regulator (N.R. Entus, V.V. Sharikhin. Gas burners of tube furnaces. - M .: TsNIITEneftekhim, 1984, p.156). In this burner, fuel gas enters the injector, at the outlet of which, due to the high gas velocity, air is sucked into the gas stream, then the entire gas-air mixture is turned at an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the burner due to the reflector, and secondary air is sucked into the mixture through the openings in burner housing.

Known burner for burning gaseous fuels, comprising a housing, a reflector with a swirl, an injector and an air supply regulator (N.R. Entus, V.V. Sharikhin. Gas burners of tube furnaces. - M.: TSNIITEneftekhim, 1984, p.160). In this burner, fuel gas enters the injector, into which air is also sucked into the gas stream, mixing occurs in a cylindrical channel, and then the entire air-gas mixture enters a swirl combined with a reflector, due to which the mixture rotates 90 ° to the axis of the burner, and at this moment secondary air is sucked into the mixture through the openings in the burner body.

The disadvantages of the known burners are:

1. The burnout of the reflector due to direct contact with the torch during prolonged operation during operation, as a result of which the burner prematurely fails.

2. Coking of the gap between the reflector and the housing during operation as a result of poor mixing of gas and air, poor gas purification, as well as with variable operating conditions of the burner during start-up and shutdown.

3. The lack of completeness of fuel combustion in the flare due to poor mixing of gas with air, since the mixing of jets of air and gas is in the same plane.

4. The need for dismantling the burner to regulate the gap between the reflector and the housing in order to change the diameter of the flame.

5. Small surface area of the heating of the furnace space due to the insignificant diameter of the flare opening, since the velocity of the gas-air mixture is lost when it collides with the reflector.

6. Small limits for regulating the thermal power of the burner, since in all modes an increased gas pressure is required due to the large aerodynamic resistance of the nozzle, which draws in air.

Known burner for burning gaseous fuels, containing a cylindrical body, a reflector, a stabilizer, a tangential gas swirl and a regulator of the gap between the reflector and the body (N.R. Entus, V.V. Sharikhin. Gas burners of tube furnaces. - M .: TSNIITEneftekhim, 1984 , p. 175).

In the burner, the gas passes through a tangential swirl, after which, at the outlet to it, primary air is sucked in. Next, the gas-air mixture is fed to the reflector, which changes 90 ° to the axis of the burner the direction of movement of the gas-air mixture. The turning angle is fixed by the stabilizer, after which secondary air enters the fuel mixture. The gap between the reflector and the housing is adjusted using a screw that moves the reflector along the axis of the burner.

The disadvantages of the known burner are:

1. The burnout of the reflector due to direct contact with the torch during prolonged operation during operation, as a result of which the burner prematurely fails.

2. The coking of the gap between the reflector and the housing during operation as a result of the reflector sagging on the rod due to heating and, as a result, uneven clearance, poor gas cleaning, as well as during variable operation of the burner during start-up and shutdown.

3. The insufficient completeness of fuel combustion in the flare at low gas flow rates due to poor mixing of gas with air.

4. When starting up the burner, it is necessary to manually adjust the gap between the reflector and the casing to determine the conditions for economical gas combustion, since the burner has the ability to self-regulate at low flow rates, that is, the gap between the burner casing and the reflector may be too large or too small with respect to amount of combustible mixture. In the first case, the torch does not expand on the surface of the stabilizer and burns with a smoky yellow flame, in the second case, the torch can detach from the stabilizer. All this leads to an excessive consumption of gas.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a gas burner containing a cylindrical housing, a stabilizer, a gas swirl, while the cylindrical housing is equipped with an adjustable gate for supplying air, and on the other side of the housing, an stabilizer with a gas supply pipe is mounted on the axis of the cylinder the surface of which the blades of the swirl of secondary air are rigidly fixed, in the inner cavity is coaxially placed and rigidly fixed, at the end of the air and gas supply, the injector, to the outside on whose surface the blades of a gas swirl are fixed, and on the inside there is a lamellar swirl of primary air with two twist streams, and the blades of swirls of gas and secondary air and the swirl swirl of primary air have the same twist direction, and the swirls of gas and secondary air also have an equal amount rigidly fixed axially located blades (RF patent No. 2396488, IPC F23D 14/24, 08/10/2010).

The disadvantages of the known burner:

1. Manual control of the air supply to the combustion zone does not allow to optimize the process of burning gaseous fuels and leads to an excessive consumption of gaseous fuels in the production of thermal energy.

2. A constant twist angle using a peripheral swirl of secondary air does not prevent the torch from separating from the stabilizer in some burner operating modes.

These disadvantages are eliminated in the claimed invention, which is aimed at solving the problem of improving the quality of fuel combustion in all modes of operation of the burner.

The technical result is achieved in that a gas burner containing a cylindrical housing, a stabilizer, a gas swirl, while the cylindrical housing is equipped with an adjustable gate for supplying air, and on the other side of the housing along the axis there is a stabilizer with a gas supply pipe on the outer cylindrical surface of which the blades of the swirl of secondary air are rigidly fixed, coaxially placed and rigidly fixed in the inner cavity, at the end of the air and gas supply, an injector, on the outer surface of which is closed the blades of the gas swirl are heated, and on the inside there is a lamellar swirl of primary air with two twist streams, the blades of swirls of gas and secondary air and the swirl swirl of primary air have the same direction of rotation, and the swirls of gas and secondary air also have an equal number of axially rigidly fixed located blades, according to the claimed invention introduced a flame radiation sensor, a motor for controlling the rotation of the blades of the peripheral swirl air, an electric motor for controlling the movement of the air gate valve, said electric motors being servo-driven and mechanically transmitted, the radiation sensor being connected electrically to the electric motor by turning the blades of the peripheral swirl of secondary air and the electric motor for controlling the movement of the air gate valve.

The inventive burner is shown in the drawing.

The following elements and assemblies are indicated in the drawing: 1 - cylindrical body; 2 - stabilizer, 3 - injector, 4 - blades of a gas swirler, 5 - axial plate swirl of primary air; 6 - blades of the peripheral swirl of secondary air; 7 - gas supply pipe; 8 - air gate cover; 9 - air gate valve, 10 - sleeve, 11 - flame radiation sensor, 12 - electrical connection, 13 - motor for controlling the rotation of the blades of the peripheral secondary air swirler, 14 - flame front, 15 - electric motor for controlling the movement of the air gate valve, 16 - wiring.

The gas burning burner contains a cylindrical housing 1, on one side of which a removable cover 8 of the air gate with spring screw adjusters for opening the damper 9 of the air gate is installed, and on the other hand, an stabilizer 2 is mounted on the axis, having the form of a hollow cylinder, from one end of which is fixed disk. On the outer surface of the stabilizer cylinder 2, axially arranged blades 6 of the peripheral secondary air swirler and the fuel gas supply pipe 7 are rigidly fixed uniformly around the circumference. Inside the stabilizer at the end, on the side of the gas supply pipe 7, an injector 3 is fixed, having blades 9 evenly spaced around the circumference, which are a fuel gas swirler, which are designed to twist the fuel gas into a high-speed bundle. Inside the injector 3, a lamellar axial swirler 5 is fixed with two twist streams for swirling the primary air. The blades 4 and 6, respectively, of the gas and secondary air swirls, as well as the plate axial primary air swirler 5, have the same direction of rotation, and the gas and secondary air swirlers also have an equal number of axially fixed blades, 4 and 6, respectively

The difference of the proposed gas-burning burner is that a flame radiation sensor 11, an electric motor 13 for controlling the rotation of the blades of the peripheral secondary air swirler, an electric motor 15 for controlling the movement of the air gate valve are introduced into the gas, and these electric motors are made with a servo drive and a mechanical transmission.

The radiation sensor 11 is connected by electrical connection 12 with the electric motor 13 for controlling the rotation of the blades of the peripheral secondary air swirler and the electric motor 15 for controlling the movement of the air gate valve.

The purpose and interaction of elements and nodes is as follows.

The cylindrical housing 1 serves to accommodate all parts of the burner and mount the burner in the wiring 16 of the furnace. The stabilizer 2 serves to form the primary configuration of the flame front 14. The injector 3 serves to form the direction of movement of the jets of gas and air before mixing them. The blades 4 of the swirl are used to create swirling jets of fuel gas before mixing with air. The blades 4 of the swirl are arranged spirally along the cylindrical surface of the injector 3. The number of spirals approaches from 3 to 6, depending on the thermal power of the burner. The primary axial plate swirl 5 of primary air serves to create swirling jets of primary air before mixing with the fuel gas. The blades 6 of the peripheral secondary air swirl are used to create swirling jets of secondary air before mixing them with the initially swirling flow of fuel gas and air. The fuel gas supply pipe 7 serves to supply fuel gas to the annular chamber (the annular chamber is not indicated in the drawing). The cover 8 of the air gate serves to organize the supply of air through the Central hole for burning fuel gas. The cover 8 of the air gate also serves to mount the electric motors 13, 15 with a servo drive and a mechanical transmission for turning the blades 6 and regulating the air flow rate for combustion by closing or opening the damper 9 of the air gate. The sleeve 10 is used to provide the possibility of sighting the radiation sensor 11 to the flame front 14. The flame radiation sensor 11 is used to quantify the density of thermal radiation from the flame front 14 and generate an electrical signal transmitted via electrical communication 12 to electric motors 13, 15 with a servo-drive and mechanical transmission which rotate the blades 6 and move the shutter 9 of the air gate in accordance with the required amount of air supplied to the combustion of fuel gas.

The inventive burner for burning gas works as follows.

According to the required heat load of the furnace by a regulator with a control valve (the regulator is not shown in the drawing), the flow rate of fuel gas entering through the pipe 7 to the blades 4 of the fuel gas swirler is established. The fuel gas flow controller is electrically connected to electric motors 13 and 15 (this electrical connection is not shown in the drawing). The signal from the fuel gas flow adjuster using electric motors 15 and 13 sets the initial opening value, respectively, of the gate 9 and the angle of rotation of the blades 6.

After passing through the blades 4, the peripheral speed of the gas jets increases and the primary air is sucked in through the axial swirler 5. A combustible mixture of fuel gas with air is formed. At the first start-up of the burner, the mixture at the exit of the stabilizer 2 is automatically ignited using the spark-ignition device in an automatic mode (ignition-protective device is not shown in the drawing). The ignition protection device is standard and is installed on all types of burners.

Thermal radiation from the flame front 14 passes through the inner cavity of the sleeve 10 to the thermal radiation sensor 11, which converts the radiation into an electrical signal and compares the signal value with the required value in the optimal mode. As a result, an air flow adjustment signal is generated using an electric motor 15, which moves the gate valve 9 in accordance with the thermal load of the burner. The movement of the shutter 9 in automatic mode provides the optimum value of the emissivity of the torch for heating the lining 15 at an economical consumption of fuel gas.

At the same time, an electric signal is generated by the sensor 11 to the electric motor 13, which rotates the blades 6 to obtain the necessary twist angle of the secondary air. The twist angle is used to control the diameter and thickness of the flame front 14, which ensure the optimal diameter of the flame front and its thickness in the absence of separation of the flame from the stabilizer 2. This regulation ensures the safe operation of the burner by the rate of separation of the torch from the burner.

The flame front 14, due to infrared radiation, heats the in-flow surface of the lining 15, which, due to its high emissivity, provides radiation transfer of thermal energy to tubular heat-receiving surfaces, inside which the working fluid circulates in the form of a steam-water mixture or, for example, in pyrolysis furnaces, a heated pyrolysis gas.

In case of stopping the supply of fuel gas, the ignition-protective device (not shown) is activated, which completely shuts off the supply of fuel gas through the pipe 7. Restarting can only be carried out after ventilation of the furnace and the necessary vacuum in the furnace is reached according to the indications of the ignition-protective device.

Claims (1)

A gas burning burner comprising a cylindrical housing, a stabilizer, a gas swirl, the cylindrical housing having an adjustable gate for supplying air, and on the other side of the housing, a stabilizer with a gas supply pipe is mounted on the axis of the cylinder, the secondary air swirl blades are rigidly fixed on its outer cylindrical surface , in the inner cavity is coaxially placed and rigidly fixed, at the end of the air and gas supply, an injector, on the outer surface of which the blades of the gas swirl are fixed, and with its sides are a plate-like swirl of primary air with two torsion streams, the blades of gas and secondary air swirlers and the plate-like swirl of primary air have the same direction of rotation, and the gas and secondary air swirlers have an equal number of axially arranged rigidly fixed blades, characterized in that a flame radiation sensor is introduced into it, a motor for controlling the rotation of the blades of the peripheral swirl of secondary air, and the control motor is moved Flap eat air damper, said servo motors configured and mechanical transmission, wherein the radiation sensor is connected in electrical communication with the motor rotating the blades of the secondary air swirler peripheral movement of the control motor and the air damper flap.

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