RU2510023C1 - Blood glucose meter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: blood glucose metre comprises a voice line for blood glucose metering and a line for invasive blood glucose metering.

EFFECT: invention provides a means for remote blood glucose metering.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to endocrinology, and can be used to control blood glucose levels in the diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, for differential diagnosis of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes, determining the state of their compensation.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs as a result of insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or ineffective susceptibility of insulin produced by the body's cells.

Diabetes mellitus is a very common disease; the number of people affected by this disease is growing year by year. Already today, diabetes affects more than 60 million people on earth.

Diabetes requires constant monitoring of blood glucose, otherwise the disease can lead to serious complications. Only when maintaining the concentration of glucose in the blood within the normal range (3.5-6.0 mmol / L) is it possible to stop the development of complications. Proper diet and physical activity, maintaining a normal or near normal level of glucose in the blood, will prevent the development of diabetic complications.

Blood tests for sugar are widespread, in which it is necessary to obtain a blood sample in the form of a drop. To do this, use special automatic devices for piercing the skin. Determination of sugar level is carried out in the laboratory. Known methods for analyzing a patient’s blood sugar are based on the property of sugar to restore certain salts during complex chemical reactions; such analyzes are biochemical in nature.

Blood for testing for glucose in it is taken in various ways - from a vein, by piercing the skin of your fingertips, earlobe. In the first case, venous blood is examined, in the second - capillary blood. This diagnostic method is very informative for the attending physician and has a high level of reliability. However, it can only be done in specially equipped medical centers with qualified personnel.

Currently, portable devices for determining blood sugar have been created, which patients at home can use and themselves can determine the level of sugar. This is necessary for the correct selection of doses of drugs for patients with diabetes, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment. On the market today you can find a large number of various glucometers.

The disadvantage of such devices is that they are expensive, they need to purchase supplies (test strips), and most importantly - they require mandatory blood sampling. In this case, injury and infection of a person is possible.

It is known that scientists from Israel and the United States have developed a method for the early diagnosis of parkinsonism, based on an assessment of the most subtle changes in a person’s voice, reports The Daily Telegraph. Currently, parkinsonism is diagnosed, as a rule, only when the death rate of motor neurons is large enough to cause symptoms such as muscle stiffness, tremors and imbalances.

Treatment initiated at this stage may slow the progression of the disease, but not restore motor function. Timely diagnosis, according to the researchers, can prevent the destruction of up to 60 percent of nerve cells in the corresponding areas of the brain.

It is also known that parkinsonism disrupts the function of the muscles of the larynx, which sooner or later leads to hoarseness.

Based on this fact, attempts at early diagnosis of the disease by voice changes have already been carried out, but have been unsuccessful. A professor at the University of Haifa, Shimon Sapir, was able to do this by taking an alternative approach to voice analysis and developing software that identifies his characteristic changes due to illness before they become audible.

It should be noted that the voice itself, regardless of what words are pronounced, carries an enormous amount of information; the voice can determine the character of a person and much more.

This is explained by the fact that the voice is directly related to anatomy and physiology: it depends on the structure of the body in general and the organs of voice formation in particular. Sounds are produced by vibrations of the vocal folds, which, like strings, are stretched in the larynx. They can perform from 80 to 10,000 or more oscillations per second, and fluctuate with their entire mass, as well as individual sections. It has been established that under the influence of nerve impulses coming from the central nervous system, the vocal folds change their length, thickness, and degree of tension. Reducing them, as well as pressing various fingers on the guitar strings in different places, gives a different sound.

As already noted, the voice is associated with anatomy and physiology, so almost any disease, one way or another, affects the sound of the voice. The voice changes with various bronchitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis ...

Sophisticated electro-acoustic processing of a voice uttering phrases expressing different emotions - joy, grief, anger, fear, showed that each state of a person has its own set of distinctive acoustic features. For example, for the state of grief - this is the longest syllable, the characteristic “rises” and “congresses” in the height of the sounds, for fear - the sharp changes in the strength of the voice, violation of the tempo, pauses ...

So, the voice accurately informs others about the current state of a person. These reactions are usually poorly controlled by the person himself, and therefore they are very informative.

When a person’s emotional state changes, a large number of speech characteristics change uncontrollably.

Currently, devices are known for determining the psychophysiological state of a person, based on the connection of ongoing mental processes with the dynamics of physiological processes, which is used, for example, in "lie detectors".

In this case, the parameters of the human condition can be recorded using external devices that are not directly connected to the person.

However, the parameters of the sound vibrations of a person’s voice can change not only with a change in the emotional state, but also due to physiological changes in the larynx and vocal cords with a change in various biochemical characteristics of human blood, for example, with a change in blood glucose level.

Thus, it would be interesting to take advantage of the revealed dependence of the change in the spectrum of sound vibrations of a person’s voice on changes in the biochemical parameters of his blood.

An object of the invention is the creation of a block diagram of a device for determining the biochemical parameters of blood, in particular glucose in the blood, by human voice.

To solve this problem, a block diagram of a device for determining blood glucose is proposed, including a line for measuring glucose levels in a person’s voice and a line for invasively measuring blood glucose levels.

Moreover, the line for measuring glucose level by human voice contains a microphone in series 1, a sound recorder unit 2, an analog-to-digital voice converter unit 3, an audio spectrum analyzer unit 4, an analog-to-digital voice spectrum converter unit 5, a frequency range selection unit in spectrum 6 , a unit for determining peak intensities at selected frequencies 7, a unit for determining relationships between peak intensities at selected frequencies 8, switch 9, a unit for comparing intensity ratios nth spectrum peaks with ratios of peak intensities from glucose level 10, glucose level output unit to screen 11.

An invasive blood glucose measurement line is connected through a switch 12 to a unit for determining the relationship between peak intensities at selected frequencies 8 and contains an invasive glucometer unit 13, an analog-to-digital converter for data from the glucometer 14, and a unit for comparing databases of peak intensity and glucose levels relationships 15, unit for averaging databases by glucose level 16, unit for comparing averaged databases by glucose level and peak intensity ratios at selected frequencies 17. Block 17 through lane breakers 18 connected to the block matching spectral intensity ratios of peaks with intensity ratios of peaks of the level of glucose 10.

At the same time, the block diagram is additionally equipped with a unit for determining the individual dependence of the change in the ratio of the intensities of the spectrum peaks on glucose levels 20, which is connected via a switch 19 to the block of the analog-to-digital data converter from the glucometer 14.

Schematically, the proposed block diagram is shown in the drawing.

According to figure 1, the line for measuring glucose level in a person’s voice contains a microphone 1 installed in series, a sound recorder unit 2, an analog-to-digital voice converter unit 3, a sound spectrum analyzer unit 4, an analog-to-digital voice spectrum converter unit 5, a frequency band selection unit in spectrum 6, a unit for determining the intensity of the peaks at the selected frequencies 7, a unit for determining the relationship between the intensities of the peaks at the selected frequencies 8, switch 9, a unit for comparing the intensities spectrum peaks with ratios of peak intensities from glucose level 10, glucose level output unit to screen 11.

The line for invasive measurement of blood glucose level is connected through a switch 12 to the unit for determining the relationship between the peak intensities at the selected frequencies 8 and contains an invasive glucometer unit 13, an analog-to-digital converter for data from the glucometer 14, and a unit for comparing the database of peak intensity and glucose levels 15, unit for averaging databases by glucose level 16, unit for comparing averaged databases by glucose level and peak intensity ratios at selected frequencies 17. The latter through p The switch 18 is connected to a unit for comparing the ratios of the intensities of the peaks of the spectrum with the ratios of the intensities of the peaks from the glucose level 10.

This line allows you to determine the generalized functional dependence of the change in the intensity of the selected peaks in the spectrum on glucose levels using a standard glucometer.

If necessary, in order to increase the accuracy of the data obtained by adapting the device to a specific person and determining an individual functional dependence of the change in the ratio of the intensity of the spectrum peaks on the glucose level, the block diagram is additionally equipped with a block for determining the individual dependence of the change in the ratio of the intensity of the peak of the spectrum on the glucose level 20, which the switch 19 is connected to the block of the analog-to-digital data converter from the meter 14 and, through the switch 21, Nia spectral intensity ratios of peaks with intensity ratios of peaks of the level of glucose 10.

The proposed device works as follows:

In the selected range of low frequencies from 100 Hz to 1500 Hz and high frequencies from 7000 Hz to 10000 Hz using a microphone 1 carry out registration of human voices. An electrical signal enters the unit of the recording device 2, from which the audio enters the unit of the analog-to-digital voice converter 3 for digitizing the voice. The digitized human voice goes to the input of the block of the sound spectrum analyzer 4, from which the received signal goes to the input of the block of the analog-to-digital converter of the voice spectrum 5. Then the signal goes to the input of the block for selecting frequency ranges in the spectrum 6. Determination of the peak intensity at the selected frequencies in the selected frequency ranges the spectrum is carried out in block 7; the obtained values of the peak intensities are fed to the input of the unit for determining the relationship between the intensities of the peaks at the selected frequencies 8. Next, the signal, on the one hand, through the switch 9 can be fed to the input of the unit for comparing the ratios of the intensities of the peaks of the spectrum with the ratios of the intensities of the peaks from the glucose level 10 and to the output unit the glucose level to the screen 11, and on the other hand, through the switch 12 - to the input of the block matching the database of relations of peak intensities and glucose level 15.

Initially, to determine the generalized functional dependence of the change in the intensity of the selected peaks in the spectrum on the glucose level, a typical invasive glucometer 13 and, accordingly, a line for invasive measurement of blood glucose are used. To obtain dependence, glucose readings and the corresponding changes in the voice of many people are measured and compared. At the same time, both the line for measuring glucose level in a person’s voice and the line for invasive measurement of blood glucose level work. From the glucometer 13, the signal is fed to the input of the analog-to-digital data converter unit from the glucometer 14 for digitizing blood glucose data; after which the digitized data is fed to the input of the unit for comparing the databases of relations of peak intensities and glucose level 15, and to the unit for averaging the databases by glucose level 16, and sequentially to the input of the unit for comparing databases of average intensities of glucose and peak intensity ratios at selected frequencies 17 .

Thus, a functional dependence of the change in glucose level on the change in the sound spectrum of a person’s voice in digital form is obtained, which is used to measure the glucose level in the blood of any person. To do this, in the future, only a line for measuring glucose levels in a person’s voice works. The device in this case can be used as a public device. The data obtained by the authors show high accuracy of measurements.

However, despite the general patterns, there are individual characteristics of a person’s voice change from glucose level. To transfer the device to the individual use mode, a block is used to determine the individual dependence of the change in the ratio of the intensity of the spectrum peaks on the glucose level 20.

To do this, measure the glucose level in the blood of an individual using an invasive glucometer 13, and through the block of the analog-to-digital data converter from the glucometer 14 and switch 19, the signal is sent to block 20. At the same time, to the second input of block 20 from the unit for comparing averaged databases by level glucose and peak intensity ratios at selected frequencies 17, information is received about the generalized functional dependence of the change in the intensity of the spectrum peaks on the glucose level. As a result of comparing the data entering block 20 from blocks 14 and 17, an individual functional dependence of the change in the intensity of the peaks of the voice spectrum on the glucose level is obtained. The signal from block 20 through the switch 21 is fed to the input of the block comparing the ratios of the intensities of the peaks of the spectrum with the ratios of the intensities of the peaks from the glucose level 10 and to the output unit of the glucose level on screen 11. In the future, as in the first case, only the line for measuring glucose level works by the voice of a person. The device is used as an individual device. Thus, the proposed block diagram can be used in separate devices for general and individual use, is integrated into a telephone or computer, or is designed to remotely measure the level of glucose in a person’s blood by his voice.

Claims (4)

1. Device for determining glucose in the blood, characterized in that it includes a line for measuring the level of glucose in the voice of a person and a line for invasively measuring the level of glucose in the blood. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the line for measuring glucose level in a person’s voice contains a microphone in series, a recording device unit, an analog-to-digital voice converter unit, a sound spectrum analyzer unit, an analog-to-digital voice spectrum converter unit, a selection unit frequency ranges in the spectrum, a unit for determining the intensity of peaks at selected frequencies, a unit for determining the relationship between intensities of peaks at selected frequencies, a switch, a matching unit from wearing the intensities of the peaks of the spectrum with the ratios of the intensities of the peaks from the glucose level, a unit for outputting the glucose level to the screen. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the line for invasive measurement of blood glucose level is connected through a switch to a unit for determining the relationship between peak intensities at selected frequencies and contains an invasive glucometer unit, an analog-to-digital converter of data from the glucometer, and a matching unit databases of relations of peak intensities and glucose level, block of averaging databases by glucose level, block of comparison of averaged databases of glucose level and peak intensity ratios for selected th frequencies. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a unit for determining the individual dependence of the change in the ratio of the intensities of the spectrum peaks on the glucose level, which is connected via a switch to the unit of the analog-to-digital data converter from the meter.

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