RU2509023C9 - Method of vehicle doors assembly and assembly line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automotive industry. Proposed method comprises the following steps: placing the doors on pallet, conveying said pallets to assembly line, connecting said pallets with assembly car to be arranged between pallets, assembly of doors and detachment of assembly cars. Assembly line comprises overhead conveyor with pallets. Pallets are connected with assembly cars arranged there between. Assembly line allows automatic detachment of assembly car from said pallet.

EFFECT: simplified design.

15 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for assembling automobile parts, mainly doors, on an assembly line and to assembly lines for assembling parts.

A known method of assembling cars with a conveyor for assembling doors and an assembly line (according to the patent for the invention RU 2415046), selected as prototypes of the method of assembling the doors of the car and the assembly line of the present invention. The known method includes the steps of: removing manufactured doors from the workpiece of the body, the location of each door in one frame, transporting frames on a conveyor belt for assembling doors. The doors are assembled on the assembly platform, while all the body part doors that are manufactured are fed together to this assembly platform. The transportation of frames on the conveyor can be carried out on a common transportation device, which is made in the form of a U-shaped profile, equipped on its longitudinal sides with holding devices for the frames (quick shutters). The frame comprises a hinged U-shaped tubular frame swiveling from its normal position 90 ° to the left. The frame is equipped with means for interfacing with hinges of doors of cars of various types. The assembly platform is brought to the door assembly line; it is mounted on a lifting table, which is located on a movable plate. On the assembly plate are employees for receiving rack doors. Frames can rotate around a rotary axis. As a result of this, the operator can process the doors both from the inside and from the outside.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to use a tape floor conveyor and a complex additional device - an assembly platform. To complete the doors, it is necessary to equip areas with components that can be located at a considerable distance from the door to be completed on the sides of the assembly line. The assembly line is characterized by increased complexity, since it involves the use of frames on which only one door can be installed. The use of such frames involves a time-consuming process of pairing the frame parts with the door hinges when it is mounted on the frame and the subsequent installation process of the four frames on the transportation device.

An object of the invention is to simplify the method of assembly of car doors and simplify the design of the assembly line by moving racks with accessories out of the assembly posts to the picking area. In addition, the technical task is to reduce the complexity of the assembly of car doors and increase the productivity of the assembly process and assembly line.

The technical result is achieved in a method of assembling car doors, including: installing car doors on a pallet, transporting pallets with a conveyor to an assembly line, connecting pallets to picking trolleys with arrangement of picking trolley between pallets, assembling doors, disconnecting picking trolleys. After disconnecting the picking trolley, send it to the picking area, complete the picking cart with subsequent connection to the pallet. The trolley for picking and its direction in the picking area are disconnected automatically, for example, due to the movement of the pallet relative to the overhead conveyor in a vertical plane. The direction of the trolley for picking into the picking area is made when it moves upwards on an inclined surface with an emphasis in the behind a running pallet, followed by a downward movement on an inclined surface, along the guide elements. Car doors are mounted on a pallet, on four rotary wings. The trolley for picking is made with the delimitation of four zones of laying sets of parts.

The technical result is achieved in the assembly line (car doors), including an overhead conveyor with pallets, the pallets are connected to picking trolleys located between the pallets. The assembly line is configured to automatically detach the cart for picking from the pallet. The pallet contains a frame with four pivoting sashes, each of which is designed to fasten the door to the lodgements with a quick-acting (for example, eccentric) adjustable clamp, the pallets are equipped with spring-loaded latches of pivoting sashes, the rear of the frame is equipped with a hook element. The trolley for completing (hereinafter referred to as the trolley) comprises a frame with wheels, a drawbar pivotally connected to the front of the frame with wheels, equipped with a hook element, an emphasis pivotally connected to the rear of the frame with wheels, equipped with a roller with guides. The trolley is made with the distinction of four zones of laying sets of parts, in the lower part of the trolley for completing made frame cells for lateral laying of parts, equipped with cushioning elements, in the middle part there is a surface with trays, in the upper part racks are made. The assembly line is equipped with inclined surfaces and guide elements and is configured to detach the hook elements of the pallet and trolley for completing when the pallet moves relative to the overhead conveyor in a vertical plane. In addition, the assembly line is configured to guide the trolley for picking into the picking area when it moves up the inclined surface with an emphasis on the behind pallet and down the inclined surface along the guiding elements. The picking area is equipped with rails.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an assembly line, a top view;

FIG. 2 - a pallet with a trolley for picking on inclined surfaces;

FIG. 3 - pallet with rotary flaps, top view;

FIG. 4 - spring-loaded latch rotary sashes;

FIG. 5 - eccentric door clip;

FIG. 6 - trolley for picking;

FIG. 7 - assembly line with trolleys for picking, when they move with an emphasis in the back of the running pallet and down an inclined surface, along the guide elements.

The car door assembly line (Fig. 1) includes a pushing overhead conveyor 1 with pallets 2. Each pallet 2 is connected by hook elements with a trolley 3. When the conveyor moves, pallets 2 with trolleys 3 alternate, while the trolleys are located between pallets 2 along the conveyor line 1 .

Cart 3 for picking (Fig. 6).

The trolley 3 comprises: a welded metal frame 6 with wheels 7 formed by vertical struts 8, longitudinal and transverse elements 9; drawbar 10 with a handle 41, pivotally connected to the front of the frame 6, namely with the front Central vertical strut 8; emphasis 11, pivotally connected to the rear Central vertical strut 8.

In the lower part of the trolley, namely in the inner space formed by vertical struts 8 with longitudinal and transverse elements 9, frame cells 12 are made for lateral laying of parts and tube 38 for long parts. The frame cells 12 are formed by bent elements from metal pipes or rods equipped with cushioning elements made in the form of grips from a polymer soft material. Oversized, brittle, decorative parts, such as skylights and car door trim, can be housed and transported in frame cells 12 without damage. 12 dimensional, heavy, fragile parts are placed and removed from the frame cells in the horizontal direction, through the left and right sides of the trolley (in the direction of its movement between pallets), which reduces the complexity and reduces the likelihood of damage to parts. In the tubes 38 can be placed seals, moldings. In the middle part of the truck, on the upper longitudinal and transverse elements 9, an inclined surface 13 is made with trays 14 for small-sized parts and fasteners. For laying long narrow parts (external door handles, window sill covers), glasses, for example, made of soft plastic, can be placed on surface 13. In the upper part of the trolley racks 15 are made, equipped with means for attaching documentation (for example, tablets) and at least one vertical plate 16, on which parts of film materials are laid. The upper part is located at eye level of the operator. The trolley is made with the distinction of four zones of laying sets of parts (for the right and left, front and rear doors of the car), for example, when using several vertical plates made of transparent plastic: one or more longitudinal vertical plates 16 and transverse vertical plates 17. In the lower parts of the cart, the differentiation of zones can be carried out using partitions, due to the spatial spacing of the frame cells 12 or when the tubes 38 are located in the central part ( e, additionally, occurs when placed between tubami dimensional doors 38 parts).

The trolley is equipped with guide rollers 18 located on the side vertical racks 8. The drawbar 10 and the stop 11, pivotally connected to the frame 6, can be provided with clamps made, for example, in the form of pairs of metal plates 39. In this case, the fixing between the pairs of metal plates 39 is carried out due to the elastic properties of metal plates. To engage the leading pallet 2 '(Fig. 2), the drawbar 10 is equipped with a hook element 40, made in the form of a ring. For interaction behind the walking pallet 2 '', the stop 11 is equipped with a roller 19 with guides 20 made in the form of metal plates.

Pallet 2 (Fig. 2-5).

Pallet 2 (in Fig. 2, Fig. 7, the notation 2 ', 2' 'is used) contains a frame 21 with four pivoting flaps 22, two on each side of the frame, each of which is configured to fasten the door 23 on the lodges 24 with a quick clamp 25. For example, as quick clamps 25, eccentric or collet adjustable clamps can be used.

In FIG. 5 shows an adjustable eccentric clip 25 with a lever 35 mounted on an adjustment plate 36 with grooves 37 mounted on the pivoting leaf 22. For adjustment, the clamp can be shifted along the grooves 37. It is possible to install several additional high-speed clamps 25 on the pivoting flaps 22, each of which will be adjusted to the geometric dimensions of the door 23.

The pivoting sash 22 contains three lodges 24 having a supporting surface, mainly of cylindrical shape, with grooves 42 made of an elastic (soft) polymer material, which excludes damage to the paintwork of the door 23 when it is installed in the groove 42. The lodges 24 are located on the pivoting sash 22 so so that the front and bottom edges of the doors 23 are located on the lodges 24, fixedly mounted on the rotary leaf 22. In this case, the high-speed clip 25 is located on the rear edge of the door.

The pallet 2 is equipped with quick-release latches 31 of the pivoting flaps 22 (Fig. 4), made in the form of spring-loaded self-locking hooks 33, interacting with the bracket 34, mounted on the frame 21.

Pallet 2 is arranged to be mounted on a carriage of a pusher conveyor (PTC). The carriage consists of four series-connected trolleys 45, moving along the guides PTK. The pallet frame 1 is the connecting element of the trolleys in the carriage. Pallet 2 is attached to the trolleys with the help of fingers, allowing to compensate for the change in the angle of the pallet 2 relative to the vertical and horizontal turns of the PTK track.

The rear part of the frame 21 is equipped with a hook element 26, made, for example, in the form of a hook 26, facing up, made with the possibility of interaction with the reciprocal hook element 40 (ring 40) of the trolley 3.

The assembly line is configured to automatically disconnect the trolley 3 from the pallet 2 (Fig. 2, 7) when the pallet moves relative to the overhead conveyor in a vertical plane. For this, the assembly line is equipped with inclined surfaces 27, 28 with guide elements 43 made in the form of gutters on the inclined surfaces 27, 28, which may include the wheels of the trolley 3.

The assembly line is configured to automatically guide the trolley 3 to the picking area 29, located at the beginning of the assembly line, where pallets 2 with incomplete (unassembled) doors 23 arrive on the conveyor 1. Automatic direction of the trolley 3 is carried out: when it moves upward on an inclined surface 27 focusing in the back of the running pallet 2 '' (the roller 19 of the stop 11 interacts with the frame 21 behind the walking pallet of 2 ''); and down, under the action of gravity, along an inclined surface 28, along the guide elements made in the form of a rotary metal fence 30 with a beam 31 (a guide roller 18 of the trolley 3 interacts with the beam 31).

The picking area 29 is equipped with guiding elements 43, similar to the guiding elements 43 on the inclined surfaces 27, 28, made to guide the trolley 3 when it passes through the picking zone 29. The picking zone contains gravity racks 44, containers with parts and fasteners for assembling the doors of the car 23.

The method of assembly of car doors on the assembly line is implemented as follows.

Four doors 23 of the car are installed on pivoting wings 22 pallets 2. The doors 23 are fixed in the cradles 24 of the pivoting wings 22 by an eccentric clip 25. The door 23 is clamped by applying relatively little force to the lever 35, “by hand”, with one movement of the operator’s hand. On the rotary wings 22 pallets 2 are four doors 23 of the car, facing the outer sides to each other. The inner side of the doors 23 faces the pallets, which makes it possible for the worker to access all the internal elements of the door 23 during assembly. Pallet 2 moves to the assembly line on the carriage of the overhead pushing conveyor 1.

In the picking area 29, four complete sets of parts and fasteners for car doors are laid in the trolley 2. The trolley 2 completed with details is engaged by the drawbar 10 to the leading pallet 2 '. The trolley 3 moves along the assembly line between the leading pallet 2 'and behind the walking pallet 2' 'through all the posts of the assembly line. Workers at assembly stations remove parts from the trolley 3 and install on the door 23 on two pallets 2 at the same time. Differentiation of the front and rear door stacking zones on the trolley 3 allows you to place a complete set of parts for assembling 4 doors 23 of the car and eliminates errors when removing parts from the trolley 3 during the assembly operation. When the spring-loaded latches 31 are released, the swing shutters 22 can be opened, which makes it possible for the worker to carry out technological operations from the outer parts of the doors 23. After that, the swing shutters 22 can be fixed on the frame 21, the spring-loaded clamps 31 are automatically latched.

The trolley 2 is disconnected and sent to the picking area automatically, for example, by moving the pallet 2 relative to the overhead conveyor 1 in a vertical plane, while the ring 18 of the trolley 3 comes out of the hook with the hook 26 of the pallet 2 '. The movement of the trolley continues along the guiding elements of the inclined surface 27 when it interacts through the stop 11 with the roller 19 s behind the walking pallet 2 ''.

The direction of the trolley 3 in the picking zone 29 is when it moves upward on the inclined surface 27 with an emphasis on the behind pallet 2 ', followed by a downward movement on the inclined surface 28, when the guide roller 18 rolls along the beam 31 of the swing guard 30. The trolley 2 moves to the beginning of the picking zone 29 and begins to be equipped with parts and fasteners for the next set of doors 23. To limit the movement of the trolley 3 by inertia, a spring-loaded stop is fixed on the floor (not shown).

The described method of assembling doors is characterized by a reduced laboriousness of assembling car doors by 20-25% due to the exclusion of unproductive movements of workers to racks with parts and fasteners. Removal of racks with accessories to the assembly zone 29 beyond the assembly posts allows to reduce the length of the assembly line and allows delivering parts to the assembly posts in the required configuration. This reduces assembly errors.

Claims (15)

1. A method of assembling car doors, including: installing car doors on a pallet, transporting pallets with a conveyor to the assembly line, connecting the pallets to picking trolleys with the location of the picking trolley between pallets, assembling doors, disconnecting picking trolleys. 2. The assembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after disconnecting the picking trolley, send it to the picking area, complete the picking cart with subsequent connection to the pallet. 3. The assembly method according to claim 2, characterized in that the detachment of the trolley for picking and its direction in the picking area is automatic. 4. The assembly method according to claim 3, characterized in that the detachment of the picking trolley is carried out by moving the pallets relative to the overhead conveyor in a vertical plane. 5. The assembly method according to claim 3, characterized in that the direction of the trolley for picking in the picking area is when it moves upward on an inclined surface with an emphasis on the behind pallet, followed by downward movement on an inclined surface, along the guide elements. 6. The assembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that the car doors are mounted on a pallet, on four rotary wings. 7. The assembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that the trolley for picking is made with the delimitation of four zones of laying sets of parts. 8. Assembly line, including an overhead conveyor with pallets, pallets connected to pick-up trolleys located between pallets. 9. The assembly line of claim 8, characterized in that it is configured to automatically detach the cart for picking from the pallet. 10. The assembly line of claim 8, characterized in that the pallet contains a frame with four pivoting wings, each of which is configured to fasten the door to the lodgements with a quick adjustable clamp, the pallet is equipped with spring-loaded latches of the pivoting wings, the back of the frame is equipped with a hook element. 11. The assembly line of claim 8, characterized in that the picking trolley comprises a carcass with wheels, a drawbar pivotally connected to the front of the carcass with wheels, equipped with a hook element, an emphasis pivotally connected to the rear of the carcass with wheels, equipped with a roller with guides. 12. The assembly line according to claims 9-11, characterized in that it is provided with inclined surfaces and guide elements and is configured to detach the hook elements of the pallet and the trolley for completing when the pallet moves relative to the overhead conveyor in a vertical plane. 13. The assembly line according to claim 12, characterized in that it is arranged to guide the trolley for picking into the picking area when it moves up the inclined surface with an emphasis in the rear of the running pallet and down the inclined surface along the guiding elements. 14. The assembly line according to claim 11, characterized in that the trolley for picking is made with the distinction of four zones of laying sets of parts, in the lower part of the trolley for picking made frame cells for lateral laying of parts, equipped with cushioning elements, in the middle part the surface with trays , at the top are made racks. 15. The assembly line according to item 13, characterized in that the picking area is equipped with guide elements.

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