RU2506531C1 - High-explosive fragmentation shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to ammunition, and namely to high-explosive fragmentation shells for tank cannons with stabiliser blades that open after a shell leaves a barrel. A high-explosive fragmentation shell includes a housing, a nose fuze, an explosive charge, a tail aerodynamic stabiliser and a drive device. Blades mounted on turning axes are laid in radial slots of the stabiliser. An explosive charge consists of a central primary explosive charge and an additional peripheral charge, which are coaxially arranged. Peripheral charge has detonation speed decreased by 2-5 times in comparison to that of primary charge. Peripheral charge weight is not more than 5 wt % of primary charge weight. The drive device is made mainly from polymer. The drive device is connected to the shell housing by means of annular projections and installed on the stabiliser with possibility of protection of blades at movement of the shell during an internal ballistic cycle. The drive device has through longitudinal slots on the side of its front part at the length comprising 0.2-0.4 of its total length.

EFFECT: improving efficiency of high-explosive fragmentation action of ammunition.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to high-explosive fragmentation shells for a tank gun.

A regular high-explosive fragmentation projectile for a smooth-bore tank gun contains a body with an explosive charge, a head shock fuse and a stabilizer that opens during flight.

A search conducted by domestic and foreign sources of information showed that the designs of high-explosive high-explosive ordnance for tank guns are known to provide various modes of explosion (in flight, shock or multi-function).

Known high-explosive fragmentation projectile (patent RU 2018779 C1, published 30.08.1994), containing a housing with the main explosive charge, a head cap filled with low-density material, a bottom fuse with a detonator and an inertial shock mechanism, a block of finished striking elements and equipped with a contact a reaction unit with a moderator connected to the detonator by electrical communication.

When firing at an impact, one of three types of action is realized: high-explosive, high-explosive, and high-explosive.

The disadvantages of this shell are:

- low density filling the shell with explosive;

- the presence of a supply device for providing electrical communication between the detonator and the reaction unit;

- the presence of an additional element - a delay delay regulator.

In addition, the stabilization of the projectile without rotation in flight does not provide the currently required accuracy of the battle.

A known design of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile described in patent RU 2236667 C1 (published on September 20, 2004) containing a housing, the main charge of a viscoplastic metallized explosive with a detonation velocity of 60-85% of the detonation velocity of an additional explosive charge, while the mass additional explosive charge is 3-20% of the mass of the main charge. The projectile contains sections with ready-to-use striking elements, the space between the sections being filled with organic combustible liquid.

This invention eliminates some of the disadvantages inherent in patent RU 2018779 C1, namely, in the opinion of the authors, it solves the problem of increasing efficiency in fragmentation action.

However, the presence of a large mass of the main charge with a low detonation velocity sharply reduces the explosive effect, the use of organic flammable liquid, as well as a visco-plastic metallized explosive increases the sensitivity to dynamic loads during firing, which can lead to unauthorized firing of the projectile during firing.

Known high-explosive ordnance described in patent RU 2282133 C1 (published on 08/20/2006), which contains a housing, explosive charge located in a metal shell with bottoms, and an explosive device, and the explosive charge is made integral in the form of coaxially located bonded central and peripheral explosive charges.

This invention allows to increase the speed of expansion of fragments of the outer shell and to increase the maximum penetration thickness of the barrier, that is, to increase the efficiency of fragmentation of ammunition.

The disadvantages of the design include the presence of two containers with explosives, with one container containing a condensed explosive and the other a gaseous one, which reduces the explosive power.

In addition, the presence of two containers complicates the assembly of ammunition and requires special devices for their fixation in order to eliminate axial and radial displacements.

The closest in purpose and combination of essential features is a high-explosive fragmentation projectile according to patent RU 2218547 C1 (published on December 10, 2003).

The projectile contains a housing with obturating belts and explosive filling, as well as a fuse and a tail aerodynamic stabilizer body. Blades mounted on the axes of rotation are laid in the radial slots of the stabilizer.

The front free ends of the blades are wedge-shaped and fixed with a retaining ring with the possibility of longitudinal movement. According to the authors, such a projectile can improve its functional reliability by simplifying the design of the aerodynamic tail.

Common features of the prototype and the proposed invention are the placement of a head fuse in the shell of the projectile and the filling of explosives (BB), as well as the presence of a host device and a tail aerodynamic stabilizer, consisting of a body in which radial slots of the blades mounted on the axes of rotation are laid.

In the prototype, the functions of the master device are performed by two driving belts.

The disadvantages of the design of the prototype include:

 - the need to increase the surface of the blades to ensure stabilization of the flight;

- the need to increase the length of the stabilizer body (up to 30% of the total length of the projectile), since only four blades can be structurally located in the body, which reduces the fill factor of the BB case,

- the presence of a retaining ring with a longitudinal movement leads to an unauthorized beginning of the opening of the blades in the barrel channel, the appearance of marks on the inner walls of the barrel, which leads to the breakthrough of powder gases into the barrel and reduces the overall work of the powder charge;

- the presence of two obturating belts leads to an increase in the drag coefficient and reduces the accuracy of the battle.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a high-explosive fragmentation projectile for a tank gun of increased efficiency.

The aim of the invention (technical result) is to increase the effectiveness of high-explosive fragmentation ordnance in terms of high-explosive fragmentation by increasing the filling ratio of the explosive hull and increasing the accuracy of the battle.

The technical result (the purpose of the invention) is achieved by the claims, according to which in a high-explosive fragmentation projectile containing a head fuse and explosive charge placed in its body, the body of the tail aerodynamic stabilizer, in the radial slots of which are mounted mounted on the axis of rotation of the blade, and the master device according to the invention, the explosive charge consists of a coaxially placed central main explosive charge and additional peripheral second explosive charge having a reduced 2-5 times detonation velocity compared with the velocity of detonation of the main charge and mass,

component not more than 5 mass% of the mass of the main charge; the host device is made primarily of polymer, connected to the shell of the projection by ring protrusions and mounted on the stabilizer body with the ability to protect the blades when the projectile moves during the ballistic cycle, while the host device is made with through longitudinal slots from the front of it for a length of 0, 2-0.4 parts of its total length.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention (according to claim 2), a coating is applied to the shell of the projectile, which reduces the coefficient of frontal and surface aerodynamic drag, mainly monomolecular. This increases the accuracy of the battle. The technology for applying such coatings is known (RU 2230286).

In a particular case, in a high-explosive fragmentation projectile, the axis of rotation of the stabilizer blades are placed in the slots of the housing of the stabilizing device with a shift from each other relative to the axis (according to claim 3 of the formula).

This ensures the strength of the stabilizer by influencing the center of mass.

The patented invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows: Fig. 1 is a general view of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile; figure 2 is a rear view of a high-explosive fragmentation projectile (view A in figure 1).

Where:

1 - head fuse of multifunctional action;

2 - shell shell coated with a monomolecular coating;

3 - explosive charge (main);

4 - additional explosive charge with a low detonation velocity;

5 - master device;

6 - stabilizer housing;

7 - stabilizer blades;

8 - axis of rotation of the stabilizer blades.

The projectile (figure 1) contains a head fuse 1, a detonator (no position) and an explosive charge (filling explosive), placed in the shell 2 of the projectile. The explosive charge is made integral, consisting of the main 3 (central) and additional 4 (peripheral) explosive charges placed in the housing 2 coaxially. In this case, an additional charge 4 lies on the inner surface of the housing 2 and is adjacent to the central charge 3. The tail stabilizer of the projectile consists of the housing 6, in the radial slots of which six aerodynamic rotary blades are located 7. Three blades are mounted on the rotary axes 8. The remaining three - on the rotary axes (without position) with a shift relative to the blades mounted on the axes 8. The host device 5 is made of polymer with the possibility of destruction after exiting the barrel. To do this, in the front part it has 4 through slots 0.2 - 0.4 in length from its length. The master device 5 is connected to the housing 2 by annular ledges (no position). The host device 5 is simultaneously installed on the shell 2 of the projectile and on the housing 6 of the stabilizer, which allows you to protect the blades during the movement of the projectile in the barrel during the ballistic cycle.

When implementing the invention in specific examples of execution, the detonation velocity of the additional charge should be less than the detonation velocity of the main charge by 2-5 times, and the mass of the additional charge should be less than the mass of the main charge by 5 times, not less. The surface of the housing 2 has a coating — a monolayer or a layer of a fluorine-containing surfactant (SAS) close to it, of a single molecule thickness, obtained by applying and subsequent evaporation of a fluorine-containing surfactant in a fluorocarbon solvent or water.

The work of the indicated design of the projectile is that before firing from the gun’s barrel the multifunction fuse 2 is set to one of three modes: contact, non-contact or remote action.

The projectile is initially fixed in the combustion chamber with the help of the host device 5, which when the projectile leaves the barrel is destroyed, releasing the stabilizer blades 7, which take a vertical position.

A monomolecular coating begins to act on the flight, reducing the aerodynamic drag coefficient by 2–2.5 times and thereby reducing the time of approach of the projectile to the target and increasing the accuracy of the battle.

When a shell is detonated from a head fuse, the target detonates the main charge 3 and crushes the walls of the shell 2 into fragments.

Since the speed of the detonation wave of the additional charge 3 is several times less than the main one, an optimal field of fragments is formed, which is required for the destruction of manpower.

The invention allows to increase the fill factor of the housing up to 0.3, that is, 2 times in comparison with the prototype.

The implementation of the projectile in accordance with the invention also makes it possible to exclude the edges of the blades 7 from touching the inner surface of the gun barrel and to ensure the simultaneous opening of all stabilizer blades 7 upon departure from the gun barrel due to the destruction of the master device by air pressure (and the action of the springs in order to increase functional reliability).

The use of a high-energy viscoplastic metallized explosive as the main charge increases the projectile's high-explosive effect by 2.5-3 times.

The use of this invention in tank weapons systems will increase the effectiveness of the destruction of ground targets while reducing the range of shells.

Claims (3)

1. A high-explosive fragmentation projectile containing a head fuse and an explosive charge placed in its body, the body of a tail aerodynamic stabilizer, in the radial slots of which are mounted the blades mounted on the axis of rotation, and a driving device, characterized in that the explosive charge consists of coaxially placed central main explosive charge and an additional peripheral explosive charge having a detonation velocity 2-5 times lower than the velocity thw detonation of the main charge and a mass of not more than 5 mass% of the mass of the main charge; the host device is made primarily of polymer, connected to the shell of the projection by ring protrusions and mounted on the stabilizer body with the ability to protect the blades when the projectile moves during the ballistic cycle, while the host device is made with through longitudinal slots from the front of it for a length of 0, 2-0.4 parts of its total length. 2. High-explosive fragmentation projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of the projectile is coated to reduce the coefficient of frontal and surface aerodynamic drag, mainly monomolecular. 3. High-explosive fragmentation projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the stabilizer blades are located in the slots of the housing of the stabilizing device with a shift from each other relative to the axis.

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