RU2494589C1 - Working element of tool for subsurface tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery industry, in particular, to working elements of tools for subsurface tillage. The working element comprises a rack and a flat hoe mounted on it. The working surface of the hoe is made up with double convex upwards of curvature: negative - in the undercut part and positive - in loosening part. The working surface in the area of the middle of the hoe wings is provided radially with toothed flat discs. The discs are mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis with the ability to vary the height of his position. The hoe cutting edge has a contour in the form of a parabola. The vertex of the parabola faces the hoe tip, and the branches - to the ends of the hoe wings. The cutting edge of each hoe wing on the contour is made toothed. The front edge of each tooth has the shape of half a parabola. A branch of the parabola faces the end of the hoe wing, and the vertex - to the hoe tip, and its bulge in the direction of movement and is arranged to overlap in the transverse direction of the front edge of the tooth located in front. The rear edge of each tooth is made rectilinear and is located perpendicular to the tangent corresponding to the point of the contour. The corner angle of each hoe wing from the tip to the point of intersection of straight lines, one of which is the tangent to the contour and the other passes through the starting point of next tooth perpendicular to the tangent, is formed increasing in shape of half a parabola which convexity faces the longitudinal axis of the hoe, the vertex - its tip, and the branch - the end of the hoe wing.

EFFECT: improved design.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of tools for subsurface tillage.

There are a number of (technical solutions) of flat-cutting legs, the working surface of which is equipped with radially mounted solid, hollow, adjustable with the possibility of self-oscillating movements in the vertical plane stabilizers - rippers (stabilization knives), where their cutting edge is made straight and curved (ellipse, etc. .) [one].

The disadvantages of these flat-cutting paws with such stabilizers-rippers are clogging them with soil and plant residues, the significant energy consumption of loosening, and also due to the uneven wear of cutting elements having special shapes, make them less reliable in operation.

Known is the working body of a planter cultivator containing a stand, a paw with wings having flaps in the form of serrated spherical disks, the cutting edge of each wing having a contour in the form of conjugate segments of a logarithmic spiral and made of gear, where the front edge of each tooth has the shape of a logarithmic spiral facing convexity in the direction of movement, and the rear edge of each tooth is made rectilinear and located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the paw [2].

The disadvantages of this invention are the low quality of the soil and the significant energy consumption of the process of loosening, as well as the formation of ridges due to the presence and incorrect installation of spherical disks.

Also known is the working body of the tool for soilless tillage, including a stand and a flat-cutting leg, the working surface of which is made with a double convex upward curvature: negative in the cutting part and positive in the loosening part, and equipped with radially mounted knives, a sieve, which forms the working surface of the leg located in a longitudinally vertical plane passing along the axis of the legs, made in the form of smoothly conjugated sections of a logarithmic spiral, and the cutting edge of each wing of the legs has to a double-curvature contour formed by smoothly conjugated sections of the logarithmic spiral: negative in the area adjacent to the toe of the paw, and positive in the area of the end of the wing of the paw. In this case, the cutting edge of each wing of the paw is serrated, and the front and rear edges of each tooth have a straight shape [3].

The disadvantages of this working body are the rapid wear and breakage of teeth of this shape, an increase in the energy intensity of loosening due to friction of the sieve with the soil and clogging with weeds and soil in the area of the stabilizer knives.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The technical result - improving the quality of tillage and reducing the energy intensity of the process of loosening the soil.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the working body of the tool for non-mold soil cultivation, including a stand and a flat-cutting paw fixed on it, the working surface of which is made with a double convex upward curvature: negative - in the cutting part and positive - in the loosening part, and equipped with radially mounted knives, and the toothed cutting edge of each wing of the paw has a contour of double curvature formed by smoothly conjugated sections of a logarithmic spiral: negative in the zone, adjoining According to the invention, the radial knives located in the mid-wing region of the leg are made in the form of serrated discs, the contour of the cutting edge of the leg having the shape of a parabola, the apex of which is facing the toe of the leg, and the branches to the ends paw wings. In addition, each circular knife is mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the paw with the ability to change its position in height and is equipped with trapezoidal teeth with double-sided sharpening. The cutting edge of each wing of the paw is serrated along the contour, with the front edge of each tooth having the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which is facing the end of the wing of the paw, the apex is facing the tip of the paw, and its convexity is toward the direction of movement, while it is placed overlapping in the transverse direction of the leading edge of the tooth located in front, and the back edge of each tooth is made rectilinear and located perpendicular to the tangent corresponding to the contour point. The angle of solution of each wing of the leg from the toe to the point of intersection of straight lines, one of which is tangent to the contour, and the other passing through the starting point of the next tooth perpendicular to the tangent, is made increasing in the shape of a half parabola, the convexity of which is directed to the longitudinal axis of the leg, vertex - to her toe, and the branch - to the end of the wing of the paw.

Figure 1 shows the proposed working body, top view;

figure 2 - working body, side view;

figure 3 - working body, rear view;

figure 4 - shows a diagram of the contour of the cutting edge of the paw;

figure 5 - shows a diagram of the construction of the angle of the solution in the zone of the toe of the paw.

The working body of the tool for subsurface tillage contains a stand 1, a flat-cutting paw fixed on it 2. The working surface of the paw 2 is bent in two curvature upwards: negative in the cutting 3 parts and positive in the loosening 4 parts. To break the connection between the soil layer and prevent clogging, the working surface of the legs 2 is equipped with a radially rigidly mounted knife 5, which is placed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the legs, as well as radially with knives 6, which are located in the middle of the wings 7 of the legs 2 and are made in the form of gear flat disks. Each toothed flat disk 6 is mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the legs 2 with the possibility of rotation around its axis 8 on the shaft 9, which is rigidly fixed to the rack 10 of the toothed flat disks 6. On the rack 1 of the legs 2 there is a bracket 11, for mounting the rack 10, and on the bracket - a guide groove 12 for (regulating) changing the position of the toothed flat discs 6 in height by the latches 13. Also for interaction with the bottom of the furrow and stability when working in the middle of the wings 7 of the legs 2 there are through slots 14 through which are carried out vertically moving the toothed flat disk 6, and as a result of engagement with the bottom of the furrow. At the same time, the cutting edge of each gear flat disk 6 along the periphery is equipped with trapezoidal teeth 15 with double-sided sharpening, which provides better adhesion to the bottom of the furrow and increases the stability of rotation during operation.

In addition, the contour 16 of the cutting edge of the paw 2 has the shape of a parabola, the tip of which faces the toe of the paw 2, and the branches - to the ends of the wings 7 of the paw 2. The cutting edge of each wing 7 of the paw 2 along the contour 16 is serrated, and the front edge 17 of each tooth 18 has the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which faces the end of the wing 7 of the paw 2, the apex - to the tip of the paw 2, and its bulge - in the direction of movement. In this case, the leading edge 17 of each tooth 18 is placed overlapping in the transverse direction of the leading edge of the tooth located in front, and the rear edge 19 of each tooth 18 is made rectilinear and is perpendicular to the tangent (PP) in figure 1, corresponding to the point of contour 16.

The angle of solution of each wing 7 of the paw 2 from the toe K to the point of intersection C (Fig. 1) of straight lines, one of which is tangent to the contour 16, and the other passing through point M - the beginning of the next tooth 18 perpendicular to the tangent, is made increasing in the shape of a half parabola, the convexity of which is directed to the longitudinal axis of the paw 2, the apex to its toe, and the branch to the end of the wing 7 of the paw 2.

The device operates as follows.

When the tillage tool moves along the cultivated area in the cutting part 3 of the paw 2, the cutting angle of which is of minimal importance, the soil layer and weeds are cut in the vertical plane. Moreover, due to the execution of the contour 16 of the cutting edge, passing along the ends of the teeth 18, in the shape of a parabola, the tip of which faces the toe of the paw 2, and the branches - to the ends of the wings 7 of the paw 2, and the minimum angle of the solution of the paw 2 in the area of its toe K smoothly increasing in the shape of half a parabola, with a bulge facing the longitudinal axis of the paw, the apex toward its toe, and a branch toward the end of the wing 6 of the paw 2, cutting the soil and weeds also in the horizontal plane with sliding and minimal energy consumption of the cutting process. Under the action of the teeth 18, the leading edge 17 of which has the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which is facing the end of the wing 7 of the paw 2, the apex is towards the tip of the paw 2, and its bulge is towards the direction of movement, the soil deformation zones are closed and the soil connection breaks in interdental space, and cutting of soil and weeds - at an angle of slip. Further, the cut soil layer, rising along the working surface, enters the loosening part 4, where intensive crumbling of the soil occurs without increasing the traction resistance of the working body. In this case, toothed flat discs 6 and a radially rigidly mounted knife 5, located in a longitudinally vertical plane, passing along the axis of the paw 2, further contribute to breaking the connection of the soil layer on the working surface of the paw 2, and the dihedral shape of the working surface provides a bifurcation of the soil flow.

In addition, when treating the soil on the slopes, the installation of toothed flat discs 6 makes it possible to increase the stability of movement of the working body, and therefore, in general, implements (cultivators), since in this case they act not only as cultivators, but also as stabilizers of movement. Also for gear flat discs 6 is allowed to change the position of the axis 8 of their rotation in space and regulation in accordance with the quality indicators of their work when changing the properties of the soil (figure 2).

The rotation of the toothed flat discs 6 facilitates the processing of stony soils and soils clogged with rhizomes. Therefore, by reducing the friction of the formation (about steel) on the untreated soil and replacing it with the rolling friction of the toothed flat discs, the traction resistance decreases and the degree of crumbling of the soil increases.

The implementation of the toothed cutting edge of the paw according to the above form helps to reduce the waste of the soil and provides sliding cutting and deformation of the soil with the least resistance.

The presence of toothed flat discs 6 and a radially rigidly mounted knife 5 is two-sided, and the leading edge 17 of each tooth 18 of one-sided sharpening on the periphery contributes to a better break in the connection between the soil layer and the cutting of weeds.

Particularly, it is possible to partially eliminate the high energy intensity and soil clogging of the working bodies by cutting windows in gear flat discs, through which partial soil separation occurs.

Using the invention allows to improve the quality of soil cultivation, reduce the energy intensity of the process of cultivation without transferring significant dynamic loads to the base machine.

List of references

1.Maksimov I.I. Energy concept of erosion resistance of anthropogenic agrolandscapes. I.I. Maximov, V.I. Maximov. - Cheboksary: Chuvash State Agricultural Academy, 2006

2. SU 1794329, A01B 35/26, 1993.

3. RU 2395184, A01B 35/20; 35/26; 39/20, 2010

Claims (3)

1. The working body of the tool for subsurface tillage, including a stand and a flat-cutting paw fixed on it, the working surface of which is made with a double convex upward curvature: negative in the cutting part and positive in the loosening part, and equipped with radially mounted knives, with a toothed cutting edge each wing of the paw has a contour of double curvature formed by smoothly conjugate sections of the logarithmic spiral: negative in the area adjacent to the toe of the paw, and positive in the area of the end of the wing l py, characterized in that the radial knives located in the area of the middle of the wings of the paws are made in the form of serrated flat discs and are installed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the paw, the contour of the cutting edge of the paw having the shape of a parabola, the top of which faces the toe of the paw, and the branches to the ends the wings of the paw, and the cutting edge of each wing of the paw is serrated along the contour, with the front edge of each tooth having the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which is facing the end of the wing of the paw, the apex is facing the toe of the paw, and its bulge is in the direction of movement Ia, the front edge of each tooth is placed with an overlap in transverse direction of the front edge located in front of the tooth and the rear edge of each tooth is made rectilinear and perpendicular to the tangent point of the respective loop. 2. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that each gear flat disk is mounted with the possibility of changing its position in height and is equipped with trapezoidal teeth with double-sided sharpening. 3. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of the solution of each wing of the paw from the toe to the point of intersection of straight lines, one of which is tangent to the contour, and the other passing through the starting point of the next tooth perpendicular to the tangent, is made increasing along the shape of a half parabola, the convexity of which is directed to the longitudinal axis of the paw, the apex to its toe, and the branch to the end of the wing of the paw.

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