RU2474032C2 - Magnetoelectric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: in a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which comprises a disc (1) fixed on a shaft, and on the disc there is a ring-shaped row of permanent magnets (2) with alternating polarity, arranged as equidistant relative to each other, and the stator comprises two parallel plates (3,4), between which there are windings, besides, stator windings are arranged on U-shaped cores from electrotechnical steel, which are fixed on plates (3, 4) of the stator, width Bc of the end of the U-shaped core (6) makes a half of the width B of the permanent magnet (2) of the rotor, besides, ends of the U-shaped cores (6) of one plate (3) face the ends of the U-shaped cores (6) of the other plate (4) and are displaced relative to them by the distance equal to the half of the width of the permanent magnet (2) of the rotor, besides, the permanent magnets (2) of the rotor are arranged between opposite ends of U-shaped cores (6) of the stator.

EFFECT: reduced magnet resistance in a magnetic circuit, increased intensity of magnetic field, electromotive force induced in stator windings, and a coefficient of generator efficiency.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to low-speed electric generators, and can be used, in particular, in wind energy installations.

Known low-speed magnetoelectric generator containing an annular row of stator windings on iron cores made of sheets or pressed iron powder and a corresponding annular row of permanent rotor magnets, in particular, a synchronous machine with constant magnetization for sinusoidal voltage, the windings are concentrated and not distributed in grooves, the cores with windings alternate with iron cores without windings, so that on every second iron core there is a winding, the number of of creeks between the cores differs from the number of poles, while the number of gaps between the cores s and the number of poles p follows the expressions | sp | = 2 · m and s = 12 · n · m, where n and m are natural numbers, and the machine is designed for three-phase voltage with a series connection of adjacent coils to obtain · m of such groups per phase that can be connected in series or in parallel, RU 2234788 C2.

The disadvantage of this generator is the low efficiency (efficiency), since the windings in the annular row are at a considerable distance from each other, and at the time the magnets are in the gap between the windings, the EMF is not induced.

A magnetoelectric generator is also known, the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates in the form of disks connected to each other, between which windings are placed; the stator has magnetic cores in the form of flat rings, RU 2168062.

This technical solution has the same drawback as the analogue described above (RU 2234788 C2): low efficiency for the same reason. In addition, when the permanent rotor magnets pass over the stator winding cores, there is a mutual attraction between the permanent rotor magnets and the stator winding cores (the so-called “sticking” effect of the rotor), which makes it difficult to start the generator and creates intense noise during its operation.

A certain increase in generator efficiency, a decrease in starting torque and noise level during operation is provided in a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which ring windings are placed, the rotor is made of two parallel disks mounted on the shaft, on each of which annular rows of permanent magnets located in each row are equidistantly arranged on surfaces facing each other, the polarity of the permanent magnets is of the second row alternates, while the poles of the permanent magnets of one row are facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other row, and the stator ring windings are made in the form of isosceles trapeziums, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases are curved along an arc , the ring windings are inserted into each other in pairs, while the distance 1 between the sections of the ring windings at the trapezoid bases exceeds the width b of the annular row of constant itov, RU 94083 U1.

This technical solution is made as a prototype of the present invention.

In this device, the magnetic circuit includes rotor disks and permanent rotor magnets. However, the permanent magnets of one disk are located at a considerable distance from the permanent magnets of another disk, determined by the size of the stator windings. The air gap between the rows of permanent magnets represents a significant magnetic resistance, significantly reducing the magnetic field strength in the circuit, which reduces the emf induced in the stator windings and, accordingly, the generator efficiency.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit and, accordingly, increase the magnetic field strength, EMF induced in the stator windings, and generator efficiency.

According to the invention, in a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which contains a disk mounted on a shaft, on which an annular row of permanent magnets with alternating polarity is arranged, located equidistantly relative to each other, and the stator contains two parallel plates between which the windings are placed, the stator windings are placed on U-shaped cores of electrical steel, which are mounted on the stator plates, the width B _{c of the} end face of the U-shaped core is half the width B of the permanent magnet mouth ora, the ends of the U-shaped cores of one plate facing the ends of the U-shaped cores of the other plate and offset relative to them by a distance equal to half the width of the permanent magnet of the rotor, while the permanent magnets of the rotor are placed between the opposite ends of the U-shaped cores of the stator.

The applicant has not identified any technical solutions identical to the claimed, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "Novelty."

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention, a new property of the object is determined: the air gaps in the magnetic circuit are significantly reduced, since the gap between the ends of the U-shaped stator cores and the permanent rotor magnets can be minimal and depends, in practice, only on the manufacturing accuracy of the rotor and generator stator parts.

Thus, the distinguishing features of the invention provide an important technical result, consisting in reducing the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit by minimizing air gaps, which allows to increase the magnetic field strength, EMF induced in the windings, and, accordingly, increase the generator efficiency.

The applicant has not identified sources of information that would contain information about the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. These new properties of the object determine, according to the applicant, the compliance of the invention with the criterion of "Inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a front view with a cutout of the casing;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 - rotor in a perspective view;

figure 4 - U-shaped core with a winding.

The magnetoelectric generator includes a rotor containing a disk 1, on which is placed an annular row of permanent magnets 2 of a rectangular shape. The polarity of the permanent magnets 2 alternates (figure 1). Magnets 2 are located equidistant relative to each other. The stator of the generator contains two parallel plates 3 and 4 made of non-magnetic material, in particular aluminum alloy, the stator windings 5 are placed in the space between the plates 3, 4 on the U-shaped cores 6 made of electrical steel, which are fastened with screws on the plates 3 , 4. The length L of the permanent magnet 2 is equal to the length L _{c of the} end face of the U-shaped core 6. The width B _{c of the} end of the U-shaped core is equal to half the width B of the permanent magnet 2. The ends of the U-shaped cores mounted on the plate 3 are turned towards the ends of the U -about different cores fixed on the plate 4, and are offset relative thereto by a distance equal to half the width B of the permanent magnet 2 of the rotor. The rotor disk 1 is mounted on the rotor shaft 7 by means of a key coupling. The shaft 7 is interfaced with the plates 3, 4 by means of bearings 8. The plates 3 and 4 are pulled together by pins 9, which provide structural rigidity. Permanent magnets 2 are placed between the opposite ends of the U-shaped cores 6, pulled together by a banding tape 11 of non-magnetic material and filled with epoxy compound 10; the design is closed by a casing 12.

The device operates as follows.

When rotating the shaft 7 with the disk 1 to the ends of the U-shaped cores 6, alternating, the poles of permanent magnets 2 of opposite polarity are suitable, which leads to magnetization reversal of the cores 6 and, accordingly, to a change in the magnetic field inducing EMF in the turns of the windings 5. Since the windings 5 (unlike the prototype) are not in the gap between the poles of the magnets 2 and the U-shaped cores, this gap can be minimal and depends only on the accuracy of manufacture and rigidity of the structure as a whole. Due to the minimum value of this gap, the magnetic field increases, the loss in the magnetic circuit decreases, the EMF induced in the windings 5 increases, and, accordingly, the generator efficiency increases.

Since the ends of the U-shaped cores of one plate are displaced relative to the ends of the other plate by a distance equal to half the width of the permanent magnet of the rotor, and the width of the U-shaped core is equal to half the width of the permanent magnet of the rotor, the so-called “sticking” effect of the rotor, making it difficult to start the generator and creating intense noise during its operation, since the magnetic field of the U-shaped cores 6 of one row balances the effect on the permanent magnets 2 of the magnetic field of the U-shaped cores of another row. Thus, for any position of the rotor, the total component of the magnetic forces acting on the rotor is zero.

For the manufacture of the device used well-known structural materials and factory equipment. This circumstance, according to the applicant, allows us to conclude that this invention meets the criterion of "Industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which contains a disk mounted on a shaft, on which an annular row of permanent magnets with alternating polarity is arranged, located equidistantly relative to each other, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which windings are placed, characterized in that the stator windings are placed on U- shaped cores of electrical steel, which are mounted on the stator plates, _{with a} width B from the end of U-shaped core is one-half the width B of the permanent magnet po ora, wherein the ends of U-shaped cores of one plate facing towards the ends of the U-shaped core and the other plate are offset relative thereto by a distance equal to half the width of the permanent magnet rotor, wherein the rotor permanent magnets are positioned between the opposing ends of the U-shaped stator cores.

Images