RU2469077C2 - Multifunctional lubricating fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a lubricating composition containing at least one oil of the groups I to V and a mixture of at least two polymers characterised by difference of permanent shearing stability index (PSSI), as measured by the standardised KRL test (test using a conical roller bearing) for 20 hours at 100°C, of at least 25, where the polymers of said mixture are selected from polymers which improve viscosity, which are selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO) with kinematic viscosity at 100°C higher than 90 cSt, polyisobutenes (PIB), polyesters, olefin copolymers (OCP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA), and optionally from polymers which improve setting point which are selected from PMA. The invention also relates to a method of producing a lubricating composition and use of the lubricating composition.

EFFECT: obtaining a single liquid whose properties are suitable for simultaneous lubrication of different mechanisms in motor vehicles.

19 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The present invention relates to multifunctional lubricating fluids for use in various mechanisms of motor vehicles, in particular in an engine, gearbox or hydraulic drive. More precisely, the invention relates to a single fluid that can be used for various purposes, in particular in various mechanisms of motor vehicles, such as engines, transmission devices (gearboxes and transfer cases), hydraulic drives, and other auxiliary mechanisms without any need to modify given fluid. In other words, the composition of this fluid is directly used for several purposes.

State of the art

Currently, in every motor vehicle, a lot of monofunctional lubricating fluids are used, each of which performs different functions, for example, motor oils, gear oils, hydraulic oils, etc.

The composition of monofunctional oils includes, as a rule, a mixture of mineral, semi-synthetic or synthetic oils, a complex of technological additives and optionally a polymer that improves viscosity, and an additive that improves the pour point.

When a monofunctional lubricating oil is operated in a mechanism, the constant shift to which the viscosity-improving polymer is subjected leads to a decrease in the viscosity of the oil. The degree and intensity of such a decrease in viscosity depends on the nature and amount of the polymer used to improve the viscosity.

The shear rate mechanisms to which the lubricating oil is subjected are different from each other. For example, high-pressure hydraulic drives, which provide the operation of lifting mechanisms, work in conditions with a greater shift than the gearbox, and it, in turn, works in conditions with a greater shift than the engine.

If monofunctional oil is used in mechanisms for which it is not intended, the viscosity of the oil may differ from the value necessary for the optimal functioning of the specified mechanism.

The compositions of multifunctional oils for the engine, gearbox and hydraulic drives are already sold under the names TOTAL Multi TP, FINA Penta, ELF Noria. Their development is based on the appropriate choice of polymer, which improves the viscosity, and its quantity.

The varying level of shear resistance of the viscosity-improving polymer incorporated into these multifunctional oils for the engine, gearbox and hydraulic drive will determine the corresponding level of viscosity achieved by this oil in each mechanism.

If you use a viscosity-improving polymer, which is very sensitive to shear, the viscosity will drop very quickly, even in those mechanisms that are characterized by a low shear rate: the viscosity will decrease to the minimum value required for the engine and gearbox.

On the contrary, if you use a polymer with a very high shear resistance, the viscosity will remain high for a long time even in those mechanisms that are characterized by a high shear rate: it will take a long time until the viscosity reaches, at best, a sufficiently low values, for example, as required in hydraulic drives. This can lead to persistent problems with cold start in the case of hydraulically driven lifting gears.

If the properties of the polymer are intermediate, then the adjustable parameters that simultaneously overcome 3 limitations of the minimum viscosity in the engine and gearbox and the maximum viscosity in the hydraulic system are the amount and nature of the polymer used to improve the viscosity.

The use of most multifunctional oils is based on this principle. Therefore, the authors of the present invention have come to compromise solutions to exceed the limitations of the possibility of using existing multifunctional oils in three mechanisms simultaneously.

So, the existing compositions of multifunctional oils do not allow to simultaneously achieve the level of quality expected for use in various mechanisms. Moreover, efficiency levels have also not been achieved, in particular with respect to the high-temperature stability in engines and gearboxes, as well as the cold start of hydraulics.

Therefore, there is a need for a single fluid whose properties will be suitable for the simultaneous lubrication of various mechanisms in a motor vehicle. In particular, there is a need for a single fluid that can be used in all three cases: in the engine, gearbox and hydraulic drive. There is also a need to adapt the properties of this fluid with respect to high temperature stability in the engine and gearbox, as well as with regard to the cold start of hydraulics.

In fact, the presence of a single fluid suitable for lubricating various mechanisms in a motor vehicle, in comparison with the use of several monofunctional oils, simplifies the procedure for maintenance and storage, maintenance of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles, assembly and transportation.

This is especially true, in particular, for large fleets of public vehicles, which are often operated on separate sites and are exposed to severe weather conditions without proper storage conditions.

Summary of the invention

Thus, the invention provides a lubricating composition that contains at least one group IV oil and a mixture of at least two polymers with a difference in the values of the constant shear resistance index (ISPS) measured as a result of the standard KRL test (test using a tapered roller bearing), performed for 20 hours at 100 ° C, not less than 25 and which is characterized by such a viscosity curve that

(a) at 100 ° C according to the test results under cyclic loads of Bosh-30 according to the standard CEC-L-14-A-93, the viscosity of the final lubricating composition is more than 9.0 cSt, preferably in the range from 9.0 to 12.0 cSt for oil of the initial class 30 or viscosity of the final lubricating composition is greater than 12.0 cSt, preferably in the range from 12.0 to 15.0 cSt for oil of the initial class 40 and

(b) at 100 ° C according to the results of a 20-hour KRL test in accordance with CEC-L-45-A-99, the viscosity of the lubricating composition is more than 8.5 cSt, preferably in the range from 8.5 to 11.0 cSt , for oil of the initial class 30 or 40,

and (c) at 40 ° C according to the results of a 3-hour KRL test in accordance with CEC-L-45-A-99 with a test duration reduced to 3 hours, the viscosity of the lubricating composition is less than 51 cSt, preferably in the range from 41 to 51 cSt, for oil of the initial class 30 or 40.

This composition of multifunctional lubricating oil can be used simultaneously for lubricating various mechanisms of a mechanical vehicle. More precisely, this single lubricating oil is used to lubricate at least three mechanisms at the same time, namely the engine, gearbox and hydraulic drive, since a viscosity curve is obtained that is adapted to the application conditions that are required for each particular mechanism.

For the simultaneous lubrication of various mechanisms of a mechanical vehicle, this single lubricating oil comprises a mixture of polymers characterized by different shear stability.

The nature and the corresponding number of different types of polymers are determined in such a way that the lubricating composition including this mixture quickly adapts to the application conditions necessary for each particular mechanism, thanks to a special viscosity curve.

Thus, a lubricating composition includes at least one group IV oil in an amount of at least 50 wt.% Relative to the weight of the final composition and a mixture containing at least two different polymers of type “A”, “B” or “C” in an amount at least 5 wt.%, preferably from 5 to 40 wt.%, more preferably from 5 to 15 wt.%, relative to the weight of the final composition; moreover, the polymers in the mixture are characterized in that they are characterized by a different range of constant shear resistance index (ISPS) such that:

- polymers of type “A” are characterized by a constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of a standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, less than or equal to 40,

- polymers of type “B” are characterized by the value of the constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, greater than 40 and less than 65, polymers of the type “C”, are characterized by the value of the index of constant shear resistance (ISPS) ) measured using the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, greater than or equal to 65; the specified composition, in which at least two polymers are characterized by a difference in the values of ISPS, measured according to the results of a standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, not less than 25.

According to one embodiment, each polymer mixture is obtained from monomer units of different chemical nature.

According to another embodiment, each polymer of the mixture is obtained from monomer units of identical chemical nature, the polymers of the mixture being different from each other by the range of constant shear resistance index (ISPS) measured according to the results of a standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, and at least one physicochemical property selected from the number average or weight average molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution of the specified polymer, characterized by the polydispersity index, the structure of a spatial network of the specified polymer, characterized by the degree of its suturing and / or branching.

According to one embodiment, the mixture contains at least two polymers, the amount of one polymer relative to the total weight of the polymer mixture is from 10% to 90%.

According to one embodiment, the mixture comprises two polymers, one of type “A” and one of type “C”, where the weight ratio of the mixture of two polymers “A” / “C” is preferably from 10/90 to 90/10.

According to one embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present invention further comprises a complex of processing additives in an amount of from 5 to 30 wt.% Relative to the weight of the final composition and optionally an additive that improves the pour point, in an amount of less than 1 wt.%, Preferably from 0.2 to 0 , 5 wt.% Relative to the weight of the final composition.

According to one embodiment, the polymers of the mixture are selected from polymers that improve viscosity, and optionally from polymers that improve the pour point.

Preferably, the viscosity improving polymers are selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO) with kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 90 cSt, polyisobutenes (PIB), polymer esters, olefin copolymers (OSP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates ( )

Preferably, the pour point polymers are selected from polymethacrylates (PMA).

Preferably, the “A” type polymers are viscosity improving polymers selected from polymethacrylates, polyalphaolefins with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. greater than 90 cSt, polyisobutenes, polymer esters.

Preferably, the “C” type polymers are viscosity improving polymers selected from polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers, copolymer esters.

Preferably, type "B" polymers are polymethacrylate type polymers that improve viscosity.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a lubricating composition according to the invention, where a mixture containing at least two different polymers is introduced into the composition of at least one group I-V oil, optionally containing an additive complex and optionally an additive to improve the pour point.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polymer of the mixture is a viscosity improving polymer that is incorporated directly into the composition as a separate substance, regardless of the additive complex.

According to another embodiment of the method, at least one polymer of the viscosity improving mixture is fully or partially incorporated into the composition as an element of the additive complex.

According to another embodiment of the method, at least one polymer of the mixture is fully or partially introduced into the composition in the form of an additive complex diluent.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a composition according to the invention as the only fluid for lubricating various mechanisms of motor vehicles.

Preferably, a single fluid is used to lubricate at least three mechanisms of motor vehicles — an engine, a gearbox, and a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle.

More preferably, a single fluid is also used to lubricate the brake circuit, onboard compressor, and optionally other additional mechanisms.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(A) Determination of shear resistance:

The shear resistance of the compound in oil is characterized by ISPS (constant shear resistance index), determined according to ASTM-D6022-06 and calculated from the kinematic viscosity of the compound in oil before and according to the results of a certain shear method.

The formula for the ISPS polymer in oil is given below:

ISPS = 100 × (Vi-Vc) / (Vi-Vo), where

- - Vi = initial value of viscosity before shearing the oil + polymer mixture at 100 ° C.

- - Vc = viscosity of the oil + polymer mixture after shear at 100 ° C.

- - Vo = the initial value of the viscosity of the oil to shear only the oil at 100 ° C.

So, the higher the value of the ISPP of the polymer in the reference oil, the more sensitive the specified polymer to shear.

The shear method selected to determine the ISPS of the polymers of the present invention is a 20-hour KRL test in accordance with CEC-L-45-A-99.

The reference oil selected for measuring the ISPS of the polymers of the present invention is a group III base oil (according to the ANI classification) with a viscosity of 4.2 cSt at 100 ° C.

Further, unless otherwise indicated, ISPS polymer is an ISPS polymer, measured in accordance with ASTM-D6022-06, in Group III diluent oil (according to API classification and 4.2 cSt viscosity at 100 ° C, according to 20- hourly KRL test in accordance with CEC-L-45-A-99).

To determine the composition of polymer blends incorporated into the lubricating oil of the present invention, the applicant has established reference shear conditions for each mechanism in question, and viscosity levels corresponding to each mechanism.

(B) Determination of the viscosity curve

1. The conditions for the use of lubricating oil for the engine:

In the case of engine lubricating oil, CEC-L-45-A-99 (or ASTM D6278) defines a benchmark test for determining shear conditions in the engine, known as the Bosch-30 cyclic load test. The viscosity grades of fresh engine oils are determined by the SAE J 300 classification by measuring their kinematic viscosity values at 40 ° C and / or 100 ° C.

An engine oil is assigned a class of 30 according to SAE J 300 if its kinematic viscosity is between 9.3 and 12.5 cSt at 100 ° C. Engine oil is assigned class 40 according to SAE J 300 if its kinematic viscosity is between 12.5 and 16.3 at 100 ° C.

Class 30 or 40 engine oils are commonly used in what is called a temperate climate.

Engine oil is assigned a class of 50 according to SAE J 300 if its kinematic viscosity is between 16.3 and 21.9 cSt at 100 ° C. This type of oil is mainly used in the so-called hot climate.

As for the ACEA standards, they define in detail a number of secondary technical standards for motor oils and, in particular, establish conditions for maintaining the viscosity at a certain level for oils subjected to shear during operation in the engine.

Thus, according to ACEA of the E2 or E3 series, the kinematic viscosity of oils for an engine with a class of 30, 40 and 50, measured at 100 ° C according to the test results under cyclic loads of Bosch-30, should be more than 9.0, 12.0 and 15 , 0 cSt, respectively.

Lubricating oils of the present invention suitable for lubricating an engine are characterized by a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of more than 9.0 cSt, preferably from 9.0 to 12.0 cSt, measured from a Bosch-30 cyclic load test according to CEC -L-45-A-99 for oil of the initial class 30. These lubricating oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 12.0 cSt, preferably in the range from 12.0 to 15.0 cSt, measured according to the test results under cyclic Bosch-30 loads, according to the CEC-L-45-A-99 standard for mas and initial class 40. As results of the same test data lubricating oil possessed a value of kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, which was more than 15.0 cSt, preferably from 15.0 to 20.0 cSt for a class 50 oil.

2. Transmission oil conditions

For gearbox lubricating oil, the CEC-L-45-A-99 standard defines a benchmark for determining shift conditions in a gearbox, known as a 20-hour KRL test.

Based on these tests for monitoring oils during operation, the applicant determined that the viscosity of the lubricating oil at 100 ° C according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test of more than 8.5 cSt is suitable for use in a gearbox in a temperate climate. In addition, the lubricant viscosity at 100 ° C according to the standard 20-hour KRL test is greater than 11.0 cSt and is suitable for use in a gearbox in hot climates.

3. The conditions for the use of oil in the hydraulic drive

The applicant also determined that the shear conditions to which the lubricating oil is hydraulically exposed can be reflected by the KRL test in accordance with CEC-L-45-A-99.

The applicant noted that when operating in a hydraulic actuator, in order to avoid problems associated with starting with fresh oil, in particular at low temperature, the viscosity of the lubricating oil, measured at 40 ° C, should be less than 51 cSt for use in a temperate climate, measured according to the results of the KRL test according to the standard CEC-L-45-A-99, the duration of which is reduced from 20 to 3 hours. Similarly, the viscosity of the lubricating oil should be less than 75 cSt for use in hot climates, measured according to the results of the KRL test according to the standard CEC-L-45-A-99, the duration of which is reduced from 20 to 3 hours.

Thus, the lubricating compositions of the present invention are suitable for simultaneous use in engines, gearboxes and hydraulic drives, since they have a viscosity curve satisfying the following three combined conditions:

(a) at 100 ° C according to the test results under cyclic loads of Bosch-30 according to CEC-L-14-A-93, the viscosity value of the final lubricating composition is more than 9.0 cSt, preferably from 9.0 to 12.0 cSt for grade 30 oils or the viscosity of the final composition is greater than 12.0 cSt, preferably 12.0 to 15.0 cSt for the grade 40 oil, and

(b) at 100 ° C according to the results of a 20-hour KRL test according to CEC-L-45-A-99, the viscosity of the lubricating composition is more than 8.5 cSt, preferably from 8.5 to 11.0 cSt, for the initial oil Class 30 or 40, and

(c) at 40 ° C according to the results of the 3-hour KRL test, according to the CEC-L-45-A-99 standard, the test duration is reduced to 3 hours, the viscosity of the lubricating composition is less than 51 cSt, preferably in the range from 41 to 51 cSt for oil of the initial class 30 or 40.

Under these conditions, these compositions are particularly suitable for temperate climates.

According to one embodiment, the lubricating compositions of the present invention can also be used in hot climates, while they must satisfy the following conditions:

(1) the viscosity value of the specified composition, measured at 100 ° C according to the test results at Bosch-30 cyclic loads according to CEC-L-14-A-93, reflecting the shear conditions in the engine, is from 15.0 to 20.0 cSt for oil of the initial class 50;

(2) the viscosity value of the specified composition, measured at 100 ° C according to the results of the 20-hour KRL test according to CEC-L-45-A-99, reflecting the shift conditions in the gearbox, is from 11.0 to 14.0 cSt for Class 50 oils

(3) the viscosity value of the specified composition, measured at 40 ° C according to the results of a 3-hour KRL test according to CEC-L-45-A-99, reflecting the shift conditions in the gearbox, is from 61 to 75 cSt for the oil of the initial class 50 .

These conditions were determined by measuring the kinematic viscosity values expressed in centistokes (equivalent to mm ² / s) and in accordance with known methods for which reference was made to the standards earlier in the text.

(B) Base oils:

The base oils used in the lubricating oils of the present invention are oils of groups I to V according to the classification of API of mineral, synthetic or natural origin, used individually or in a mixture, one of the characteristics of which is the lack of sensitivity to shear, i.e. . their viscosity does not change upon shear. In the composition according to the invention they are presented in an amount of not less than 50 wt.% Relative to the total weight of the final composition. In addition, their content in the final composition can reach up to 95%, even up to 98%.

(D) Additive complex:

The additive package used in the lubricating compositions of the present invention are conventional additives known to those skilled in the art and meet the requirements defined above, including ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association) and / or API (American Institute of Fuel) requirements.

They contain, in particular, and without limitation:

- antioxidants that prevent the decomposition of oils (for example, derivatives of amines or phenols),

- antiwear additives and extreme pressure additives protecting rubber surfaces by chemical interaction with metal surfaces (for example, zinc dithiophosphate), dispersants allowing insoluble solid impurities to be in suspension (for example, succinimides on polyisobutene) and facilitating their extraction,

- detergents, superbasic or not, preventing the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving by-products of oxidation or combustion (for example, salicylates, phenolates or sulfonates),

and at least 30% by weight of a solvent consisting of a base oil and optionally a viscosity improving polymer.

The content in wt.% Of the additive complex relative to the weight of the final composition according to the invention is at least 5%, and the diluent is taken into account in this percentage.

(E) Compounds known as “pour point improvers”

The lubricating compositions of the invention further comprise pour point improvers that can be selected from the group of polymethacrylates (PMA) with molecular weights of generally from 5,000 to 10,000 Daltons. It should be noted that in the case of using these PMA as additives, improving the pour point, they are usually present in the lubricating composition in an amount of about 0.2 wt.% Relative to the weight of the final lubricating composition. These pour point improvers are generally supplied in the form of formulations diluted to different volumes with base oil. In particular, if such compositions are not very diluted, the PMA content is about 60%.

When using these additives in the polymer mixture of the present invention, a higher content may be required to adjust the viscosity of the lubricating oil after shearing to a certain level.

(E) The polymer mixture in the lubricating composition

The viscosity curve mentioned above is obtained by mixing at least two polymers selected from polymers of type "A", "B" or "C", as follows:

Polymers of type "A", "B" or "C", used as a mixture in the lubricating oil of the present invention, are preferably selected from polymers that improve the viscosity index or pour point, as described above.

The polymers used in the present invention correspond to the polymers used in monofunctional oils. They are preferably selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO) with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 90 cSt, polyisobutenes (PIB), polymer esters, olefin copolymers (OSP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA).

The pour point improving polymers used in the present invention are preferably selected from polymethacrylates (PMA).

In General, the task of polymers that improve the pour point, is to reduce fluctuations in viscosity with temperature. This temperature behavior is characterized by a V.I. The higher the V.I. oil viscosity index, the lower the oil viscosity is temperature dependent.

The polymers incorporated into the lubricating oils of the present invention were classified into three groups according to the range of inherent ISPS values:

1) The “A” type polymer group includes polymers characterized by a constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured by a 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, less than or equal to 40. These polymers have low shear sensitivity: they are polymers with ISPS value according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, less than or equal to 40, preferably from 0 to 20. This type of polymer allows maintaining viscosity at a sufficient level in the engine and gearbox, but in the hydraulic drive in the viscosity will drop significantly.

The "A" polymer group includes, in particular and without limitation, viscosity improving polymers selected from viscous polyalphaolefins (PAO) (with a viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 90 cSt), polyisobutenes (PIB), polymethacrylates (PMA). More specifically, Type A polymers are viscosity improving polymers selected from polymethacrylates (Viscoplex 0-030, 0-110, 6-054, 8-220, 12-310), viscous polyalphaolefins (Spectrasyn 1000, 300, 150) polyisobutenes (Indopole 2100, Lubrizol 3174), polymer esters (Kenjetlube 2007).

2) The “B” type polymer group includes polymers characterized by a constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured by a standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C greater than 40 and less than 65. These intermediate behavior polymers are considered shear sensitive: they are polymers with an ISPS value according to the results of a standard 20-hour test at 100 ° C more than 40 and less than 65. This type of polymer, if necessary, will provide an additive that improves viscosity especially.

Polymer group "B" includes, in particular, viscosity-improving polymethacrylate-type polymers (Viscoplex 0-220, 3-500, 8-400, 8-251, 8-310).

3) The “C” type polymer group includes polymers characterized by a constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured by a standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, greater than or equal to 65. These polymers are very sensitive to shear: they are polymers with ISPS value according to the results of the standard 20-hour test at 100 ° C, greater than or equal to 65, preferably from 65 to 100. This type of polymers will very quickly undergo shear in the hydraulic system, followed by a long drop in viscosity of the lubricating oil in the specified system, thereby eliminating the problem of cold start.

The "C" type polymer group includes, in particular and without limitation, viscosity improving polymers selected from the group of olefin copolymers, homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene. More precisely, Group C polymers are viscosity improving polymers selected from polymethacrylates (Viscoplex 7-710), olefin copolymers (Paratone 8006, Lubrizol 7077), hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers (Shellvis 151, 201, 261 and 301), copolymer esters (Lubrizol 3702).

Thus, the viscosity curve of a composition according to the invention is obtained under the condition that at least two polymer blends are selected from groups with different ISPS ranges.

The polymer blends used according to the invention consist of at least two polymers, and the polymers in the mixture differ from each other in that their constant shear resistance indices, measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, are in different ranges .

This difference can be characterized by the value of the difference between ISPS of at least two polymers present in the mixture, not less than 25.

In addition, the shear stability of the polymer is associated not only with its chemical nature. It is also associated with physicochemical properties. It is known that properties such as molecular weight, molecular weight distribution (characterized in particular by the polydispersity index of the polymer), degree of branching of the polymer chain, and mainly morphological properties, affect shear resistance. So, some substances of identical chemical nature, such as polymethacrylates, for example, can belong to each of the types "A", "B" or "C" described here.

Accordingly, specialists of this prior art will be able to choose polymers of various types for use in the mixture in accordance with their classification according to types A, B, or C and evaluate the possibilities for the production of a lubricating composition, observing the three total conditions given above when describing the viscosity curve.

This viscosity curve is also obtained if the polymers of the mixture differ in chemical nature or in physicochemical properties.

So, if the polymers of the mixture differ in chemical nature, this difference arises on the basis of the method for producing polymers from monomer units of different chemical nature. For example, polymethacrylates are chemically different from polyisobutene.

If the polymers in the mixture differ in their physicochemical properties, the difference arises based on the method for producing polymers from monomer units of identical chemical nature. In this case, the polymers of the mixture differ from each other in that their constant shear resistance indices (ISPS) are in different ranges, and, in addition, at least differ in one of the physicochemical properties selected from (number average or weight average) molecular the mass or molecular weight distribution of the specified polymer, characterized by a polydispersity index, or the spatial structure of the specified polymer, characterized by the degree of crosslinking and / or branching. These differences in physicochemical properties are used according to methods well known in the field of polymers.

According to a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a mixture in any proportion of two polymers of type A / B or A / C or B / C. Preferably, in said mixture, the amount by weight of one of the type A or B or C polymers relative to the total polymer weight in the mixture is from 10 to 90%. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a mixture of two polymers of type A and type C, in which the mass ratio A / C is from 10/90 to 90/10.

According to another specific embodiment, the composition of the present invention contains a mixture in any proportion of three polymers A, B and C. In this mixture, the mass amount of one of the polymers of type A, or B, or C relative to the total weight of the polymers in the mixture can be at least 10 %, up to 80%. Thus, it is preferable to prepare A / B / C mixtures in proportions by weight of 10/10/80 or 10/80/10, including all possible intermediate ratios.

According to one embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises a mixture of three polymers A, B and C, in which polymer A is present in an amount of 30 to 45% by weight, polymer B is present in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight and polymer C is present in an amount from 30 to 45 wt.%, and this percentage is expressed relative to the total weight of the polymers.

More specifically, the polymer blends used according to the invention as described above comprise at least 5%, preferably from 5 to 40%, more preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the final lubricating composition.

According to an embodiment, the minimum amount of polymer relative to the total weight of the final composition is 1%.

Regarding lubricating oils, these percentages mainly relate to polymers comprising at least 5% polymer active substances, the remaining amount represented by the base oil used as a diluent. Moreover, in some cases, when dilution is required for the polymer in a minimal amount or not at all (for example, PAO), this ratio can reach 100% of the polymer active substance.

Therefore, these lubricating oils adapt very quickly to the conditions required for each mechanism.

To obtain a lubricating composition according to the invention, a mixture of at least two polymers of type A, B or C, mainly at a temperature of from 20 to 100 ° C at atmospheric pressure, is introduced into the composition of at least one group IV oil, optionally including an additive complex and optionally additive that improves the pour point.

Polymers of type "A", "B" and "C" according to the present invention are introduced into the composition in the form of separate components, or they can be entered in the composition of the additive complex, in the form of additives or diluents.

Thus, the lubricating compositions of the present invention are obtained by introducing at least one of the polymers that improve the viscosity of type A, B or C directly into the composition as a separate additive, regardless of the complex of other additives.

According to another embodiment, at least one of the viscosity enhancing polymers of type A, B or C is incorporated in the lubricating oil in whole or in part as an element of the additive complex.

According to another embodiment, at least one of the viscosity improving polymers of type A, B or C is introduced into the composition of the lubricating oil in whole or in part in the form of a diluent, as part of an additive complex.

The composition of the present invention is used as a single lubricating oil in various mechanisms of motor vehicles, in particular in mechanisms with different shear rates. Thus, the compositions of the present invention have the property of providing good high-temperature stability in the engine and gearbox, as well as the cold start of the hydraulic system.

Examples: The following are examples to illustrate the invention without limiting the scope of the invention.

Mixtures were obtained with stirring at 80 ° C. in 1 liter flasks. Kinematic viscosity was determined in accordance with ASTM D445. Two lubricating oil samples were prepared with classes 30 and 40, respectively, according to SAE J 300 classification.

Example 1:

A lubricating oil was prepared containing 50 wt.% Of Group IV base oil with a viscosity of 2 cSt at 100 ° C and 14.25 wt.% Of the additive complex commercially supplied by the supplier designated supplier 1. This additive complex does not contain any polymers of the type " A "," B "or" C "of the present invention, a base oil was used as a diluent. A mixture consisting of:

31 wt.% Of the type “A” polyalphaolefin of the present invention, characterized by ISPS 6, and 4.75 wt.% Of a composition containing 35% of the active substance of the “C” type copolymer of the present invention, with ISPS 93, then added to specified lubricating oil.

The class of lubricating oil thus obtained was 40 according to SAE J300 classification.

Example 2:

A lubricating oil was prepared containing 77.5% by weight of a Group IV base oil with a viscosity of 4.2 cSt at 100 ° C and 14.50% by weight of an additive complex commercially available from a supplier designated as supplier 2.

This additive complex does not contain any type "A", "B" or "C" polymers in accordance with the present invention, a base oil was used as a diluent. A mixture consisting of:

3.5 wt.% Heavy type "A" polyalphaolefin of the present invention, with ISPS 35, and

1 wt.% Composition containing 63% of the active substance, which is a PMA polymer of type "B" of the present invention, with ISPS 63, and

3.5 wt.% Of the composition containing 10.8% of the active substance, which is a hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymer of type "C" of the present invention, with an ISPS index of 90, was added to the specified lubricating oil.

The class of lubricating oil thus obtained was 30 according to SAE J300 classification.

The table below shows the viscosity values in cSt units for these two lubricating compositions:

at 100 ° C according to the results of a 20-hour KRL test according to CEC-L-45-A-99,

at 100 ° C according to the test results under cyclic loads Bosch-30 according to the standard CEC-L-14-A-93,

at 40 ° C according to the results of a 3-hour KRL test according to the CEC-L-45-A-99 standard with a test duration reduced to 3 hours.

Table 1 Example 1 Example 2 Base oil Group IV with a viscosity of 2 cSt (% relative to the total mass of lubricating oil) 50.00 Group III with a viscosity of 4.2 cSt 77.50 Additive complex Provider 1 14.25 Provider 2 14.50 VI Viscosity Improving Polymers / ISPS Type "A" Spectrasyn 150/6 31.00 Type "A" Spectrasyn 1000/35 3,50 Type "C" Lubrizol 3702/93 4.75 Type "B" Visco 8-400 / 63 1.00 Type "C" ShellVis 261/90 3,50 results Single lubricating composition Grade 40 Grade 30 Viscosity at 40 ° C according to KRL 3 h (hydraulics) in cSt 50.00 51.00 Viscosity at 100 ° C according to KRL 20 hours (gearbox) in cSt 9.80 8.50 Viscosity at 100 ° C according to Bosch 30 cycle. (engine) in cSt 12.00 11.20

Spectrasyn 150 is a polyalphaolefin (PAO)

Spectrasyn 1000 is a polyalphaolefin (PAO)

Lz 3702 is a copolymer ether

Viscoplex 8-400 is a polymethacrylate

SV261 is a hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer. Additive complexes of suppliers 1 and 2 are commercially available engine oil additive complexes diluted with oils of Groups I-III and not containing any type “A”, “B” or “C” polymers. invention.

These additives allow, in particular, the creation of lubricating oils for engines with characteristics at the E3 level according to ACEA.

Claims (19)

1. A lubricating composition containing at least one group IV oil and a mixture of at least two polymers characterized by a difference in the constant shear resistance index (ISPS) measured using a standard 20-hour KRL test (test using a tapered roller bearing) with 100 ° C, not less than 25, and the specified composition is characterized by such a viscosity curve that:
(a) at 100 ° C, according to the test results under Bosch-30 cyclic loads according to CEC-L-14-A-93, the viscosity of the final lubricating composition is more than 9.0 cSt, preferably from 9.0 to 12.0 cSt, for oil of the initial class 30 or viscosity of the final lubricating composition is more than 12.0 cSt, preferably from 12.0 to 15.0 cSt, for oil of the initial class 40, and
(b) at 100 ° C according to the results of a 20-hour KRL test according to CEC-L-45-A-99, the viscosity of the lubricating composition is from 8.5 to 11.0 cSt, for an oil of the initial class 30 or 40, and
(c) at 40 ° C according to the results of a 3-hour KRL test according to CEC-L-45-A-99 with a test duration reduced to 3 hours, the viscosity of the lubricating composition is less than 51 cSt, preferably from 41 to 51 cSt, for oil of the initial class 30 or 40;
moreover, the specified mixture of at least two polymers includes at least two different polymers of type "A", "B" or "C", and the polymers in the mixture differ from each other in that the values of their constant shear resistance indices (ISPS) belong to different ranges:
- polymers of type "A" are characterized by a constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, less than or equal to 40,
- polymers of type "B" are characterized by the value of the constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, more than 40 and less than 65,
- polymers of type "C", are characterized by the value of the constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, greater than or equal to 65;
where the polymers of this mixture are selected from polymers that improve the viscosity, which are selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO) with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 90 cSt, polyisobutenes (PIB), polymer esters, olefin copolymers (OSP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA), and optionally from polymers that improve the pour point, where polymers that improve the pour point are selected from polymethacrylates (PMA). 2. A lubricating composition containing at least one group IV base oil and a mixture of at least two polymers characterized by a difference in the constant shear resistance index (ISPS) measured using a standard 20-hour KRL test (tapered roller bearing test) at 100 ° C, not less than 25, and the specified composition is characterized by such a viscosity curve that:
(1) the viscosity value of the specified composition, measured at 100 ° C according to the test results under Bosch-30 cyclic loads according to the CEC-L-14-A-93 standard, reflecting the shear conditions in the engine, is from 15.0 to 20.0 cSt for class 50;
(2) the viscosity value of the specified composition, measured at 100 ° C according to the results of a 20-hour KRL test according to CEC-L-45-A-99, reflecting the shift conditions in the gearbox, is from 11.0 to 14.0 cSt for Class 50 oils
(3) the viscosity value of the specified composition, measured at 40 ° C according to the results of the 3-hour KRL test according to the standard CEC-L-45-A-99, is from 61 to 75 cSt for the oil of the initial class 50;
moreover, the specified mixture of at least two polymers includes at least two different polymers of type "A", "B" or "C", and the polymers in the mixture differ from each other in that the values of their constant shear resistance index (ISPS) belong to different ranges:
- polymers of type "A" are characterized by a constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, less than or equal to 40,
- polymers of type "B" are characterized by the value of the constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, more than 40 and less than 65,
- polymers of type "C", are characterized by the value of the constant shear resistance index (ISPS), measured according to the results of the standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C, greater than or equal to 65;
where the polymers of this mixture are selected from polymers that improve the viscosity, which are selected from polyalphaolefins (PAO) with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 90 cSt, polyisobutenes (PIB), polymer esters, olefin copolymers (OSP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA), and optionally from polymers that improve the pour point, where polymers that improve the pour point are selected from polymethacrylates (PMA). 3. The lubricating composition according to claim 1 or 2, containing at least one oil of groups IV in an amount of at least 50% relative to the weight of the final composition and a mixture comprising at least two different polymers of type "A", "B" or " C "in an amount of at least 5%, preferably from 5 to 40%, or even more preferably from 5 to 15%, relative to the weight of the final composition. 4. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, where each polymer mixture is obtained from monomer units of different chemical nature. 5. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, where each polymer of the mixture is obtained from monomer units of the same chemical nature and the polymers in the mixture differ from each other in that they are characterized by constant shear resistance indices measured according to the results of a standard 20-hour KRL test at 100 ° C belonging to different ranges, and, in addition, differ in at least one physicochemical property selected from the number average or weight average molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution characterized by the index polydispersity, the structure of the spatial network of the specified polymer, characterized by the degree of crosslinking and / or branching. 6. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, where in a mixture containing at least two polymers, the amount of one polymer relative to the total weight of the polymer mixture is from 10 to 90%. 7. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, where the mixture contains two polymers, one of which is a polymer of type "A" and the other is a polymer of type "C". 8. The lubricating composition according to claim 7, where the mass ratio in the mixture of two polymers "A" / "C" is from 10/90 to 90/10. 9. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, additionally containing a complex of technological additives in an amount of from 5 to 30% relative to the weight of the final composition and optionally an additive that improves the pour point, in an amount of less than 1%, preferably from 0.2 to 0.5% relative to masses of the final composition. 10. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, where the type "A" polymers are viscosity improving polymers selected from polymethacrylates, polyalphaolefins with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C greater than 90 cSt, polyisobutenes, polymer esters. 11. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, where type "C" polymers are viscosity improving polymers selected from polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers, copolymer esters. 12. The lubricating composition according to claim 3, where the type "B" polymers are viscosity-improving polymethacrylate type polymers. 13. A method of producing a lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, where the mixture containing at least two different polymers is introduced into the composition of at least one oil of groups I-V, optionally containing an additive complex and optionally an additive that improves the pour point. 14. The production method according to item 13 of the lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, where at least one of the polymers of the mixture is a viscosity-improving polymer, which is introduced directly into the composition as a separate compound, regardless of the additive complex. 15. The production method according to item 13 of the lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, where at least one of the polymers of the mixture, improving the viscosity, is introduced into the composition completely or at least partially in the form of an additive complex element. 16. The method of obtaining according to item 13 of the lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, where at least one of the polymers of the mixture, improving the viscosity, is introduced into the composition completely or at least partially in the form of a diluent of the additive complex. 17. The use of a lubricating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as the only fluid for lubricating various mechanisms of motor vehicles. 18. The application of clause 17, where the only fluid is used to lubricate at least three mechanisms of motor vehicles: engine, gearbox and hydraulic system of a motor vehicle. 19. The use of claim 17 or 18, wherein a single fluid is also used to lubricate the brake circuit, an onboard compressor, and optionally other auxiliary mechanisms.