RU2463544C1 - Linear separation device on extended shaped charge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: linear separation device comprises an extended shaped charge of a brisant explosive, a charging chamber, a cut barrier, an after-penetration trap to catch remains of a shaped knife, stands to fix the extended shaped charge, wave-breaking and fragment-catching elements. Via through holes in charging chamber walls and in a stand above the extended shaped charge in close proximity to its rear surface there is an electric supply cable of an electric detonating device or telemetry pulled, interrupted with metal fragments of the extended shaped charge shell when it actuates.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of an extended shaped charge.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting, as well as the development of means and systems of on-board pyroautomatics and can be used at rocket and space, aviation, special equipment of socio-economic, scientific and military purposes.

An important role in ensuring the high quality of many products, primarily aviation and rocket and space technology, is played by various types of pyroautomatics devices and systems (UPA and SPA, respectively), sometimes called pyromechanical devices and systems (PMU and PMS). The range of tasks they solve on board modern aircraft (LA) is extremely wide (ejection of seats with crew members (or the cockpit as a whole), introduction and deployment of parachute systems, separation of hanging tanks, ensuring the descent of air-to-ground missiles, “Air-to-air”, separation of rocket stages in the active flight section, discharge of head fairings, separation of spacecraft (SC), landing and research probes when they are delivered to other planets, bringing the SC into working condition after its separation about tons of launch vehicle or booster block, and many other tasks, and the number of pyromedicines on board a modern aircraft reaches two to three hundred or more [1].

Despite the variety of constructive-layout solutions found and used in practice, all PMUs can be subdivided according to one of the classification principles into concentrated (compact) and dispersed (linear, collector, etc.).

It is well known that to solve the problems of separating structural elements by solid material (metal alloy, composite, or a combination thereof), whether it be a power frame or a shell of rotation, linear cumulative-type separation devices with detonating equipment have proven to be the most effective [2 ÷ 6]. With a variety of names (UKZ-elongated cumulative charge; DZZ-detonating elongated charge; ShKZ-cord cumulative charge; KZU - elongated cumulative charge; UKZ-U - UKZ angular; UKZ-P - UKZ rolling; UKZZ-UKZ “Quazar-technology” , ZKLB - a cumulative charge on a ballistic basis, etc.) and forms common to all UKZ (we will call them for definiteness one abbreviation) is the presence of a shaped cumulative recess along the entire charge length of explosive material.

Today, more than a dozen organizations are engaged in the development and manufacture of UKZ in Russia, and the range of charges is very wide. However, if we are talking about airborne ICP of aviation and rocket and space technology, then only remote sensing and ultrasonic sensing devices of the normal (or rather normalized) series [6] in copper shells and equipped with a powerful blasting explosive - RDX or HMX continue to be in demand.

UKZ in open form is installed on a cut barrier only in the case of cutting equipment into scrap or cutting metal (including when cutting various technological holes in metal structures) on the earth's surface. In airborne separation systems, UKZ are placed in the so-called charging chambers (ZK) of various shapes, having three main purposes. Since the UKZ used in separation systems have a metal (most often copper) shell, when detonating UKZ equipment, in addition to a cumulative jet of a linear shape (the so-called cumulative knife), a field of shell fragments of the side and back charge surfaces is also formed. Under the back side of the UKZ it is customary to understand the side opposite to the cumulative recess in the diametric section of the charge. The part of the explosive that is involved in the formation and throwing of fragments of the UKZ shell from its back and side surfaces is commonly called the “passive mass”. Its values can reach significant values - from 30 to 70 percent of the total mass of explosives in charge [7]. Therefore, one of the objectives of the ZK is to intercept and localize the action of shell fragments of the side and back surfaces of the UKZ. Another purpose is to increase the throwing momentum of the structures to be separated by restraining at the initial moment of operation of the UKZ high-energy detonation products of explosives, their further influence and fragments of the charge shell on the side walls of the spacecraft. Finally, the third main purpose of ZK is to reduce the level of shock (shock-wave) loads on nearby sensitive nodes, assemblies, equipment by installing on the inner surface of the ZK various wave-extinguishing and localizing the action of fragments of the shell of the coating of porous materials: polyurethane foams, foams, but more often total - from felt. Therefore, often in the technical literature and in the design documentation, the ZK is called a protective casing, inside which in special devices (racks, bosses) the UKZ is fixed.

To ensure the required level of reliability of the separation system (as a rule, 0.93 and higher) when designing the separation system at UKZ according to the calculation results [6; 8] choose a charge that cuts the barrier with a margin. At the same time, the remains of the cumulative knife (mainly its tail elements and pestle), which have a sufficiently large supply of energy, penetrate into the after-space. In the case when the obstacle is cut from inside the aircraft to the outside, and there are no structures or nodes near the separation belt on the outside, the design and layout of the separation system do not provide for the installation of an additional device on the rear side of the barrier to catch the remains of the cumulative knife. The schematic diagram of such a PMS is given in [5, p.20, Fig. 6]. However, in the practice of designing separation systems, such schemes are used extremely rarely.

More often on board an aircraft behind a cut obstacle are structural elements, instruments, scientific or office equipment. In this regard, there is a need for reliable interception of the remains of the cumulative knife. In the design of the separation device include an after-trap. A schematic diagram of such a separation device is given in [8; p.306, Fig. 7.23], which includes a charging chamber (protective cover), an elongated cumulative charge fixed in racks (bosses), a cut-off barrier, a trap, an extinguishing and trapping elements of a cumulative knife. It is the closest in technical essence to the claimed invention and is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype device is that a significant part of the energy stored by the explosive is spent "wasted", absorbed by the walls of the ZK and the trap with wave extinguishing and trapping elements. The metal fragments of the UKZ shell, which have a sufficiently high speed, and the fragments of the cumulative knife (its tail elements and pest) that have reached the back surface of the cut obstacle, do not do useful work.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a separation device based on UKZ with a high coefficient of utilization of the energy of the explosion of charge equipment and reducing the total number of pyrodevices and pyromechanisms on board the aircraft.

The technical result that can be obtained by using it is that the energy consumption on board the aircraft is significantly reduced, the cable network and electrical circuit are simplified, the number of means for initiating explosive transformations (electric igniters, pyro cartridges, electric detonators) containing highly sensitive initiating explosives and unprotected is reduced from electrostatic electricity, lightning discharges, pickup currents, spurious signals, incandescent bridges, layout and mass Owing to the overall characteristics of the aircraft as a whole, the level of shock-wave and vibration loads on the components, assemblies and equipment of the product decreases.

The indicated technical result is achieved in that a through hole (channel) is made in the walls of the charging chamber (protective casing) and in the adjacent rack (boss) so that the axis of symmetry of the UKZ installed in the rack and the channel intersect. The channel contains an electric power cable for the electric detonating device used to undermine the UKZ, or a telemetry cable, or other electric wires that must be disconnected (opened) when the separation device is triggered. In the cavity of the trap between the cut-off barrier and the trap body, either a cable harness or a cable or an element of a fastener, for example a tape made of thin metal material or a tape (cable) made of durable woven ultra-high modular material of the Kevlar type, or a rubber cable that holds Until the operation of the UKZ, a device (for example, a parachute system or an inflatable brake or shock-absorbing device) is in the transport position.

The claimed solution differs from the prototype in the presence of new significant features. The design of the separation device at UKZ additionally includes electric cable (s), electrical wires and / or elements of the attachment unit of the individual devices in the transport position in the form of thin-walled metal bands, as well as textile, “Kevlar”, rubber bands and bundles placed in a rack for UKZ mounts and charges adjacent to the back surface and / or in the cavity of the backward trap for intercepting the remnants of the cumulative knife. These differences allow us to conclude that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "Novelty."

No solutions with such a combination of essential features were found in the scientific and technical literature, therefore, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

The claimed device contains standard elements from the areas of blasting, machine and instrument engineering, therefore, the present invention meets the criterion of "Industrial significance".

The design of the claimed device is shown in figure 1. It consists of a charging chamber (protective casing) (1), an elongated cumulative charge (2), a stand (boss) (3) for attaching a UKZ, a cut barrier (4), a trap (5), a tape or harness (6), electric cable (7), wave-extinguishing and trapping fragments of elements (8).

The principle of operation of the proposed device is as follows. When an electric signal is applied to an electric detonating device, it is activated, which is why an explosive transformation in the form of detonation is excited in a UKZ; a cumulative knife is formed, which, being introduced into the barrier, cuts it. Simultaneously with the formation of a cumulative knife, when the UKZ is triggered, its metal shell is destroyed outside the cumulative excavation with the formation of high-speed fragments. The metal fragments of the shell of the back of the charge act together with the detonation products and the shock wave on the electrical cable or power supply of the electric detonating device, or a telemetry cable, or some other electrical wire, embedded in the rack channel in the immediate vicinity of the UKZ, breaking the wire (breaking) them. The remnants of the UKZ cumulative knife, mainly its tail elements and pestle, which have a sufficiently high speed and stored energy, act on the tape placed in the cavity of the back-end trap or tourniquet of any attachment point; they cut it (him), thereby contributing to the transfer of the device from the transport position to the working one.

The positive effect of the application of the proposed device is that there is no need to install additional pyro-automatic or other devices (for example, pyro-cutters, cable-, sling cutters, etc.) on board the aircraft to separate (break) an electric cable, tape or bundle, which, on the one hand, improves the overall layout of the aircraft and significantly reduces its mass-dimensional characteristics. On the other hand, since almost all on-board pyrodevices and pyromechanisms are triggered by an electrical signal, the implementation of this invention allows to reduce energy consumption on board the aircraft, reduce the capacity of on-board power sources, and therefore, reduce their weight and dimensions. In modern pyroautomatics systems, exclusively two-bridge means of initiation (SI) are used. To use each incandescent bridge of low-voltage SR, triggered by an electrical signal of the on-board voltage (U = 27 ± 3V), energy consumption I = 1.0 ÷ 1.5 A is required. When using the so-called “safe” high-voltage SR (for example, with an exploding bridge filament), which do not contain initiating explosives highly sensitive to the initial pulse, require significantly more powerful electrical signals (U≈2.3 kV; I≈600A).

The proposed device allows in addition to significantly simplify the electrical circuit of the aircraft (as well as reduce the mass of the cable network), reduce the level of shock and wave loads on the aircraft, scientific and office equipment, devices by using fewer pyrodevices and pyromechanisms.

The technical feasibility and effectiveness of the claimed device is confirmed experimentally by a series of laboratory experiments.

Information sources

1. Auxiliary systems of rocket and space technology: St. translations / Ed. I.V. Tishunina. - M.: Mir, 1970.

2. Attetkov A.A., Gnuskin A.M., Pyryev V.A., Sagiddulin G.G. Explosion metal cutting. - M .: SIP RIA, 2000.

3. Efanov V.V., Kuzin E.N., Timofeev V.N., Chelyshev V.P. Devices and systems of pyroautomatics of aircraft based on linear cumulative charges. // General. scientific and technical the magazine "Flight", 2003, No. 10.

4. Yumashev L.P. The device of launch vehicles (auxiliary systems): Textbook. allowance. Samara state. Aerospace University, Samara, 1999.

5. Akopov M.G., Bomshtein K.G., Efanov V.V., Kuzin E.N. et al. Disintegration of the fuselage of an aircraft with an extended cumulative charge // General Russian. scientific and technical magazine "Flight". 2005, No. 8, S.14-22.

6. Balakin A.A., Efanov V.V., Kuzin E.N., Chelyshev V.V. Engineering aspects of designing separation systems based on elongated cumulative charges // Cosmonautics and rocket science. 2008. No1 (50). S.97-105.

7. Explosion Physics / Ed. L.P. Orlenko. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2002, v. 1, 2.

8. Kolotilov A.V., Bugrimov A.L. Strength and mechanical reliability of solid fuel charges and pyroautomatics: Textbook / Ed. prof. A.V. Kolotilova - M.: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 1997.

Claims (3)

1. A linear separation device for an elongated cumulative charge, including a charging chamber, an elongated cumulative charge, a cut barrier, a trap for intercepting the remains of a cumulative knife, a rack for attaching an elongated cumulative charge, extinguishing and trapping elements, characterized in that the back side the cumulative charge through the through hole in the rack is passed an electric cable in contact with the shell of this charge from its back side, so that the symmetry axis of the electric cable and the elongated cumulative charge intersected, and in the cavity of the back trap between the back surface of the cut obstacle and the trap wall there is an element of the parachute system attachment unit and / or inflatable device in the transport position. 2. The linear separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the element of the attachment point located in the cavity of the back trap includes a thin-walled metal tape, textile tape, a tape of ultra-high modulus material and / or a bundle. 3. The linear separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that electric wires and / or cable are laid in the cavity of the trap.