RU2463410C2 - Power-independent plant for condensation of atmospheric air moisture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: plant comprises a water header and a water condenser, an axisymmetric body, supply channels, a cover and a system of ribs. The condenser is installed in the lower part of the body and is made in the form of a body, or several bodies joined together or placed discretely, for instance, of conical, spherical, cylindrical, ellipsoidal shape. The body surface may have microgrooves of various shape or capillary channels. The axisymmetric body, water header and water condenser are immersed into ground to the necessary level. At the required level for climatic conditions of a specific area the temperature of surrounding soil will be lower or equal to the dew point temperature. Supply channels are arranged in the form of profiled channels. Profiled channels start at the level of the earth surface and are tangentially coupled with the lower part of the body. The cover is made in the form of upper and lower bases, between which a system of ribs is installed. The system of ribs forms channels for air exhaust to outside. The lower base has a central hole. The central hole matches the inner diametre of the body. Ribs are arranged at the angle to the radius.

EFFECT: design will make it possible to eliminate power inputs and provide for independence in plant operation.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for collecting fresh water from atmospheric air, mainly in sunny arid areas of the planet, known as deserts and semi-deserts.

A known installation for the condensation of fresh water from vapors in humid air, which uses solar energy (RF patent No. 2131000 C1; E03B 3/28; B01D 5/00; published on 05.27.1999). It contains a cold accumulator, an air duct and a water collector and is equipped with heat pipes, a solar collector and an air heater connected to it. The cold accumulator is made of solid material, located on the catchment and forms a volume with a large internal condensation surface and good permeability to air flows. The air duct is made in the form of an exhaust pipe located above the cold accumulator, inside of which there is an air heater, and air channels located in the lower part of the accumulator, in which there are finned end parts of the heat pipes, while other finned end parts are located in the air.

The disadvantage of the installation is the complexity of controlling air flows inside the system, which leads to uneven flow, as well as to complicate the design, the accumulation of dust in its nodes and ultimately to a significant weakening of convective flows with a noticeable decrease in its performance.

Closest to the invention is a vortex system for condensation of moisture from atmospheric air (RF patent No. 2278929 C1; E03B 3/28; B01D 5/00; published June 27, 2006), containing a water collector and a dew condenser, which consists of a system of vertical rods, length which are much larger than their transverse size, and the distance between the rods of the same order as their transverse size.

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of a fan, for the drive of which additional energy costs are required, which significantly limits its use in various arid regions and desert areas and requires constant maintenance.

The technical result of the invention is expressed in the exclusion of energy consumption, ensuring autonomy during operation of the installation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the energy-independent installation of moisture condensation of atmospheric air further comprises an axisymmetric housing, supply channels, a cover and a system of ribs. The capacitor is located in the lower part of the housing and is made in the form of a body, or several bodies assembled together or placed discretely, for example, conical, spherical, cylindrical, ellipsoid in shape, of natural or artificial origin, the surface of which may have microdeeps of various shapes or capillary channels. The axisymmetric casing, the catchment and the water condenser are deepened into the ground to the required level, at which, for the climatic conditions of a particular area, the temperature of the surrounding soil will be lower or equal to the dew point temperature, and the supply channels will be in the form of profiled channels starting at the level of the earth’s surface and tangentially mating with bottom of the case. The cover is made in the form of upper and lower bases, between which a system of ribs is installed that form channels for air to exit, the lower base has a central hole that matches the inner diameter of the housing, and the ribs are located at an angle to the radius. The cover is located at a height from the earth's surface, corresponding to the most favorable conditions for organizing natural convection inside the body.

The cover has a lower base with a central hole matching the inside diameter of the case, and the outside diameter of the cover exceeds the outside diameter of the case.

Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 shows the design of an energy-independent installation of condensation of atmospheric moisture.

It contains a water collector 1 and a water condenser 2 located in the lower part of the axisymmetric, for example, cylindrical, housing 3. The axisymmetric body 3 and, located in its lower part, the water collector 1 and the water condenser 2 are deepened into the ground to the required level at which for climatic conditions the temperature of the surrounding soil will be lower or equal to the temperature of the dew point. At the same time, the temperature of the condenser is maintained at the level necessary for the course of the condensation process due to heat removal to the soil layers surrounding the reservoir 1 and the condenser 2. Air is supplied through channels 4, profiled to ensure an uninterrupted flow of air from an inlet located at ground level to the interface with the lower part of the housing. The pairing of the supply channels 4 and the housing 3 is performed tangentially. The upper part of the housing is connected to the cover 5, consisting of an upper and lower bases, between which there is a system of ribs 6, forming channels for air to exit, and the lower base of the cover is made with a Central hole matching the inner diameter of the housing. To ensure a smooth, continuous entry of the swirling air flow moving in the cavity of the housing 3, the ribs 6 forming the channels in the cover 5 are located at an angle to the radius, and the angle of installation of the ribs is greater, the higher the residual swirl of the flow in the upper part of the installation. The outer diameter of the cover 5 exceeds the outer diameter of the housing 3, which increases the surface area that receives the heat flux of solar radiation, and increases the heat transfer surface. The upper base of the lid has a degree of blackness close to unity in order to increase the proportion of absorbed solar radiation.

The principle of operation of an autonomous station for condensation of moisture from atmospheric air is as follows.

From solar radiation, the upper base of the lid is heated, the surface of which is blackened to increase the proportion of absorbed radiation. Due to thermal conductivity, the heat flux is redistributed over a large number of fins. The air located in the channels formed by the ribs is heated and, since its density becomes lower than the density of the atmospheric air surrounding the installation, under the influence of the force of Archimedes, it comes out and rises. Inside the installation casing, a vacuum is created in the lid area, where a stream of fresh air from the atmosphere enters through the supply profiled channels located tangentially to the installation casing. Due to the tangential location of the inlets, atmospheric air swirls and rises up the inner surface of the axisymmetric housing under the influence of the existing pressure drop. Swirling the flow of atmospheric air creates a pressure gradient directed from the near-axis to the peripheral region, in the near-axis region of the casing near the water condenser, a region of reduced pressure is formed, which allows additional cooling of the flow of incoming air and intensification of the condensation process. A fresh stream of atmospheric air flows into the water condenser, the surface temperature of which is maintained below the dew point temperature due to heat removal to the colder soil layers surrounding the lower part of the installation. In this case, the air is cooled and the moisture contained in it condenses on the surface of the water condenser. The formed moisture flows into the condensate collecting tank, and the dried air rises and exits through the channels formed by the lid ribs.

Claims (3)

1. Energy-independent installation of condensation of atmospheric moisture, containing a water collector and a water condenser, characterized in that it further comprises an axisymmetric housing, supply channels, a cover and a system of ribs, the condenser is located in the lower part of the housing and is made in the form of a body, or several bodies assembled together or placed discretely, for example, conical, spherical, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, of natural or artificial origin, the surface of which may have microdeeps of various shapes or capillary channels, an axisymmetric casing, a water collector and a water condenser are deepened into the ground to the required level at which, for the climatic conditions of a particular area, the temperature of the surrounding soil will be lower or equal to the dew point temperature, and the supply channels will be made in the form of profiled channels starting at the level of the earth’s surface and tangentially mating with the lower part of the housing, the cover is made in the form of upper and lower bases, between which a system of ribs is installed, forming channels for exit and outward air, the lower base has a central hole matching the inner diameter of the body, and the ribs are located at an angle to the radius. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover is located at a height from the earth's surface, corresponding to the most favorable conditions for the organization of natural convection inside the housing. 3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover has a lower base with a central hole matching the inner diameter of the housing, and the outer diameter of the cover exceeds the outer diameter of the housing.

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