RU2457875C1 - Method of automatic identification of location of forest fire - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: method of automatic identification of location of forest fires, mainly in peat bogs, when the most fire hazard areas of peats are determined; the vertical wells are placed on the sites area with installation in them of perforated pipes, their coordinates are fixed on the forest fire map, the boundaries of the fire are defined and its coordinates on the forest fire map are recorded, temperature sensors are installed in the perforated pipes, signal conductors with a set of resistors and jumpers of easily welded material are laid between the vertical wells in the soil with a variable change in the depth of their occurrence, cellular modem and a solar battery is located, the temperature in the perforated pipes and the resistance of the signal conductors is measured, compared to allowable values, the information about the origin of the fire is generated when they are exceeded, and the information is transferred via cellular communications to the control center.

EFFECT: use of the invention provides a reduction in time of obtaining information about the origin and spread of fire, increasing the accuracy of determining the boundaries of the underground peat fire at peat bogs and reduction of costs on receiving the information about fire development.

Description

The invention relates to the field of forestry, and more specifically to methods for automatically determining the location of a forest fire mainly on peatlands.

There is a method of determining the location of a fire by detecting smoke from aircraft that fly around the forest and fixing its location on a patrol map, described in the book by Shchetinsky EA Forest conservation. - Pushkino: VNIILM. 2001. S.133-135.

The disadvantage of this method is the increased level of costs for conducting observations due to the need to use aircraft.

A known method of determining the location of a forest fire, including the allocation of the most fire hazardous areas of peat bogs, the placement of vertical wells in the area, the installation of perforated pipes in the wells, filling the pipes with smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition, fixing the coordinates of the wells on a firefighting map, breaking down patrol routes, patrolling the smoke, determining the border fire by the location of smoke above the wells, fixing its coordinates on the forest fire map (RF Patent No. 2294782, publ. 10.03.2005, Byu l. No. 7).

The disadvantage of this method is the delay in obtaining information about the occurrence and spread of a fire, the low accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground peat fire on peat bogs and the increased level of observation costs due to the need to use patrol smoke observation.

The closest in technical essence of the proposed technical solution is a method of determining the location of a forest fire, including identifying the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs, placing the area of vertical wells, installing perforated pipes in the wells, fixing their coordinates on the forest fire map, determining the boundary of the fire and fixing its coordinates on forest fire card (RF Patent No. 2343944, publ. 01.20.2009, Bull. No. 2).

The disadvantage of this method is the delay in obtaining information about the occurrence and spread of the fire, the low accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground peat fire on peat bogs, the increased cost of patrolling the appearance of smoke when a fire occurs.

The aim of the invention is to accelerate the receipt of information about the occurrence and spread of a fire, increase the accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground peat fire on peatlands and reduce the cost of obtaining information about a fire.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of automatically determining the location of a forest fire, the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs are identified, vertical wells are placed according to the area of the sections, perforated pipes are installed in the wells, their coordinates are recorded on the forest fire map, the boundaries of the fire are determined and its coordinates are recorded on the forest fire map, they install temperature sensors in perforated pipes, signal conductors with a set of resistors and ne tags made of fusible material, install a cellular modem and a solar battery, measure the temperature in the perforated pipes and the resistance of the signal conductors, compare with the permissible values, generate information about a fire when they are exceeded and transmit information through the cellular communication channels to the control center, lay signal conductors with a set of resistors and jumpers from fusible material in the soil with a variable change in the depth of their occurrence.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is as follows. In the forests susceptible to fires, the most fire hazardous areas of peat bogs are distinguished. Vertical wells are evenly distributed over the area of the selected peatlands. The coordinates of the vertical wells are recorded on the forest fire map. Perforated pipes are installed in the wells, which fix the walls of the wells and provide the ability to transfer the heat front of the peat fire. Temperature sensors are installed in perforated pipes. Between the vertical wells, signal conductors with a set of resistors and jumpers from fusible material are laid. Signal conductors with a set of resistors and jumpers made of low-melting material are laid in the ground with a variable change in their depth. A solar cell and a cellular modem connected to temperature sensors and signal conductors with a set of resistors and jumpers from fusible material are installed above the well on a pipe or other support at a height. The cellular modem controller constantly measures the temperature in the perforated pipes and the resistance of the signal conductors, compares it with the permissible values and, when exceeded, generates information about the occurrence of a fire. This information is automatically transmitted via cellular communication channels to the dispatch center to determine the boundaries of the fire and fix its coordinates on the forest fire map. The use of cellular communications to transmit information about the occurrence of a fire allows you to abandon patrol monitoring of the appearance of smoke in the event of a fire and reduce the cost of conducting.

Thus, the method for automatically determining the location of a forest fire provides a reduction in the time for obtaining information about the occurrence and spread of the fire, increasing the accuracy of determining the boundaries of an underground peat fire on peat bogs, and reducing the cost of obtaining information about the occurrence of a fire.

Claims (1)

A method for automatically determining the location of a forest fire, including identifying the most fire-hazardous areas of peat bogs, placing vertical wells in the area, installing perforated pipes in the wells, fixing their coordinates on the forest fire map, determining the boundary of the fire and fixing its coordinates on the forest fire map, characterized in that temperature sensors in perforated pipes, signal conductors with a set of resistors and jumpers are laid between vertical wells low-melting material in the soil with a varying depth of their occurrence, a cellular modem and a solar battery are installed, the temperature in the perforated pipes and the resistance of the signal conductors are measured, compared with acceptable values, information about the occurrence of fire is generated when they are exceeded, and information is transmitted via cellular communication channels to dispatch center.