RU2453700C2 - Method for selective development of upland mineral estate reserves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method for selective development of upland mineral estate reserves consists in division of a slope into horizons equal to the bench height and tunnel driving along deposit slope. Tunnels are thereby provided with drillhole, blasthole and chamber charges followed by shock blasting, then broken material is taken out and loaded onto the means of transport. On a working platform, formed in this way, mining equipment is placed for selective development of reserves. For this purpose, on the working platform the initial cutting is provided across the strike of mining work front, and the high-priority zones of mineral stock development.

EFFECT: reduction of labour inputs for upland deposit development.

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Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open development of steeply dipping and inclined deposits of mineral raw materials.

There is a method of mining high ledges, according to which the separation of the high ledge into layers is carried out, blast holes are drilled in each layer, they are charged, and the blast holes which are extreme from the side slope are charged with a reduced charge, blasting and subsequent excavation of the exploded rocks are performed. New in the method is the elimination of the expansion of pieces of rock during an explosion by the shelter of an exploded layer of rocks, and rolling pieces of rocks to a slope during excavation is carried out under a light wicker mat [Shevkun EB Patent for invention No. 2236588, cl. Е21С 41/00, F42B 5/05, announced on February 17, 2003, published on September 20, 2004].

The disadvantages of this method are the presence of opening workings built to the beginning of operation. A high number of operations to prepare for the exploitation of mineral layers. Difficulties of placing mining equipment on the slopes of upland deposits.

The prototype of the present invention is a method of developing steeply dipping deposits, which includes opening a deposit with an underground mining system and wells drilled from the day surface, forming excavation chambers from the wells leaving interchamber pillars, and discharging the destroyed minerals from the mining chambers to the underground mine workings with subsequent delivery them to the surface. The development of the field is carried out in the direction from the lying to the hanging side [Hofer Hans, Cherney E.I. Patent No. 2059810. Application for invention No. 94026577, class. Е21С 45/00, Е21С 41/00, announced on 08/01/1994, published on 08/20/1996].

The disadvantages of this method are the high complexity of the work on the device of artificial pillars in the form of a cylinder. The difficulty of preserving the worked out space intended for transporting the recaptured mineral, as well as for unloading stresses in the roof of a mine. The placement of mining equipment determines the sequential mining of the slope of the upland deposit from top to bottom.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a working platform on the slope of the upland deposits of mineral raw materials during selective mining by softening the rock mass to the conditions of excavation and loading of the rock mass into vehicles.

The problem is solved in that the method for selectively mining the reserves of upland deposits of mineral raw materials involves dividing the slope into horizons equal to the height of the production ledge, and conducting adits along the slope of the deposit, according to the invention, the adit is equipped with charges in boreholes, wells and chamber charges; borehole and chamber charges, excavation and loading of the rock mass into vehicles, mining the reserves to the design depth of the quarry by conducting a trench cross stretch of the front of mining operations, highlighting priority areas mining minerals.

Figure 1 schematically depicts the implementation of the method when performing tremulous blasting and creating a working platform for placement of mining equipment for the selective mining of minerals; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 schematically depicts a flow chart of a mining tunnel (adit); figure 4 is a cross-section bb in figure 3.

The method of selective mining of upland mineral deposits is as follows.

First, divide the slope into horizons 1, equal to the height of the production ledge h _y (see figure 1-2). Then, in the working zone of the quarry, priority mining zones 2 are distinguished, taking into account the specified quality of the mineral lying in the slope. Moreover, the first zone 3 is mining, the second zone 4 is preparatory, the third zone 5 is rifled. Then cut the transport berm 6 to accommodate the tunneling equipment 7. Then in the slope using drilling and blasting work carried out preparatory workings (adits) 8 (see figure 2-4). The broken rock mass from the adit is delivered using a scraper conveyor 9 with loading into a motor vehicle. The worked-out space is secured with anchor support 10. At the end of the preparatory development (adit) 8, a wedge-shaped chamber 12 is arranged for laying a charge. Then drill the guide hole 13 from the wedge-shaped chamber. Also, bore holes 11 are drilled along the roof and sides of the mine to accommodate explosive charges. After placement of chamber, borehole and borehole charges, they shake blasting to the conditions of excavation and loading of the rock mass into vehicles.

After a shocking blast to the conditions of excavation and loading of the rock mass into vehicles, it is loaded and transported to processing plants (factories). Mining equipment for the development of reserves in a selective way is placed on the working site formed in this way. To do this, a cutting trench is cross-cut across the strike of the mining front at the working site, priority mining zones are allocated and worked out in a descending order to the design depth of the quarry.

Conducted mine workings (adits) provide for the placement of chamber, borehole and borehole charges inside the slope mass, which, knowing the structure and properties of the enclosing rocks, allows for shaking blasting more efficiently to the specified conditions by the size of the softening zone of the slope massif and at the lowest economic cost (there are no costs to maintain the developed space for the period of operation of the quarry). When conducting shocking blasting using boreholes, the bulk of the blast energy is spent on crushing the rocks to the specified parameters from the inside of the slope array, using the stress energy accumulated in the set of natural equilibrium and reference pressure, unloading these stresses into the worked out space. With the help of a borehole charge, a given angle of slope of the side of the quarry is formed. The energy of the chamber charge is spent on the creation of micro- and macrocracks in the slope mass, weakening the bearing capacity of rocks by destroying their continuity.

After loading the softened rock mass into vehicles, a working platform is formed that allows you to place mining equipment for the selective mining of mineral reserves to the projected pit depth.

Claims (1)

The method of selective mining of reserves of upland deposits of mineral raw materials involves dividing the slope into horizons equal to the height of the production ledge, and admitting tunnels along the slope of the deposit, characterized in that the adits are equipped with charges in boreholes, wells and chamber charges, and shocking blast holes, boreholes and chamber charges are carried out they take out and submerge the rock mass in vehicles, then carry out a cutting trench across the strike of the front of the mining operations, highlight priority mining zones raw materials.

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