RU2451133C1 - Floating device for collection of spilt oil in water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: floating device includes housing installed on floating facility with assembly of brush plates rotating in vertical plane, facility to remove oil from brushes, reservoir for collected oil and hydraulic pump, driven equipment and hopper. Floating device is made in the form of two longitudinal floats and provided with hot-water boiler. Housing is installed between floats with possibility of vertical and longitudinal back-and-forth movement relative to floats and it is provided with projecting barriers with braces. Driven equipment is located in housing and provided with hydraulic cylinders of its vertical and longitudinal movement. Behind housing there are tunnel-like casings with protection bottom plates. Projecting barriers with braces in lower part are interconnected by tray, and in upper part they are interconnected by hood. Braces are connected to hydraulic drive. Barriers are made hollow with pipes inside. Inlet holes of pipes are made in the form of nozzle. The other end of pipes is connected to turbo-blower. The housing contains horizontal rotor plant of back-and-forth movement of rotors provided with brushes. Reservoir is divided into the following chambers: chamber of water mechanical purification from oil; chamber of oil formation storage; chamber of auxiliary equipment arrangement; chamber of rotor plant arrangement; filter chamber with device of sorbents or coagulators injection, the chamber is connected via filter to chamber made in the form of oil trap.

EFFECT: use of invention will allow improving reliability of cleaning of water areas contaminated with oil.

5 dwg

Description

The device relates to the mechanical purification of water from oil products and can be used to collect oil spilled on the surface of the water.

A device for the mechanical purification of water from oil products, which is an oil trap [patent RU No. 1712316]. The known device comprises a housing, a settling zone, a camera for the separation of oil products, in which there is a receiving tray for clarified water, a semi-submersible partition and a receiver for oil products,

The oil product separation chamber is limited on the side of the sludge zone by a weir of practical profile, and the overflow edge of the oil product receiver is located below the spillway crest, but above the overflow edge of the clarified water receiving tray. A shield flow regulator is installed above the spillway crest.

The oil trap ensures efficient separation of oil products during laminar fluid motion and high reliability due to the exclusion of moving structural elements, mainly in the recycling water supply of industrial enterprises, but is practically not applicable for the collection of water-spilled oil in marine areas.

Also known are devices for collecting water-spilled oil [US patent No. 3702297, PCT application WO 90/12157, patent RU No. 2081967]. These devices comprise a body mounted on a floating vessel with a node of brush plates rotating in the vertical plane, means for removing oil from the brushes, a reservoir for the collected oil and a hydraulic pump, and drive equipment.

The closest analogue is the known device [patent RU No. 2081967], designed to collect spilled oil on the surface of water and is more versatile in comparison with known devices [US patent No. 3702297; PCT Application WO 90/12157].

The essence of the known device [patent RU No. 2081967] for collecting water-spilled oil is that between the two longitudinal floats is mounted a housing in which at least one node of the rotating brush plates is placed, a means for removing oil from the brushes and a reservoir for the collected oil. The housing is mounted with the possibility of vertical and longitudinal relative to the floats reciprocating movement. Due to this embodiment, the device can move on land, alternately relying on the earth's surface with the hull and floats. On the surface of the oil-covered water, rotating brushes collect oil, and a device for removing oil from the brushes directs the oil to the reservoir for the collected oil.

The known device [patent RU No. 2081967] differs from analogues [US patent No. 3702297; PCT application WO 90/12157] in that the floating device is made in the form of two longitudinal floats, and the body is installed between the floats with the possibility of vertical and longitudinal relative to them reciprocating movement, and the drive equipment is placed in the body. The longitudinal and vertical movements of the body are carried out by hydraulic cylinders. At the same time, tunnel-shaped casings having protective bottom plates are installed behind the casing.

In addition, the housing is equipped with a curved protective radial plate covering the rear of the brush plate assembly. Moreover, the upper part of the protective radial plate can be removable. Preferably, the protective radial plate is the rear wall of the reservoir for the collected oil.

The floating device [patent RU No. 2081967] has widespread use.

In the open sea, this device can be connected to the parent vessel using one or more protruding barriers installed on the sides of the head vessel, and thus, their own oil-retaining barriers can be positioned so that they protrude obliquely forward from the front ends of the floats. Conversely, this device can be towed, especially if it is relatively large and has several nodes of the brush plates.

Propellers are usually located in tunnel-shaped casings, including lower plates, which protect them from touching the ground in shallow water with numerous rocks protruding from the bottom.

In the port or on narrow fairways between the rocks, the device can mainly float autonomously using its own drive equipment with propellers or screws at the keel, where a fence, for example made of aluminum, is attached to the front edge of the floats so that it projects obliquely forward and outward , and oil is collected in soft tanks, which are thrown after filling and can then be picked up by the vessel following it.

This floating facility can also be anchored outside the contaminated shore when the barriers are located opposite the shore, which can then be cleaned with a stream of water, i.e. oil is washed off into water and then collected by this oil collection device.

Along with the advantages of the known device [patent RU No. 2081967] in comparison with analogues [US patent No. 3702297; PCT application WO 90/12157] it also has drawbacks, the main of which is the need to clean fences with a jet of water (oil is washed off into water), which significantly complicates the process of collecting oil from the water surface, and is also a prerequisite for environmental damage in this water area.

In addition, cleaning water from oil only using brushes does not allow for proper (high-quality) cleaning. After cleaning it with brushes, water will contain oil suspensions and clots, which, together with the water falling from the brushes, will again fall into the water area.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the reliability of the treatment of contaminated water areas with oil products.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the device, which is a floating device for collecting spilled oil, containing a body mounted on a floating device with a node of brush plates rotating in the vertical plane, means for removing oil from the brushes, a reservoir for the collected oil and a hydraulic pump, drive equipment and a hopper, a floating device are made in the form of two longitudinal floats, and the body is installed between the floats with the possibility of vertical and longitudinal relative to them stupid movement, and the drive equipment is housed in the housing, and equipped with vertical and longitudinal movement cylinders of the housing, tunnel-shaped housings installed behind the housing and having protective bottom plates, the housing is equipped with protruding barriers with spacers, in contrast to the prototype, protruding barriers with struts in the lower the parts are interconnected by a pallet, and in the upper part interconnected by a hood, the struts are articulated with a hydraulic actuator, the barriers are hollow, with pipes placed inside with inlets made in the form of a nozzle, and the other end of the pipes connected to a turbofan installed in the housing, the horizontal rotor installation of reciprocating rotors, which are equipped with plate brushes, is also placed in the housing, the tank is divided into chambers, including cameras mechanical purification of water from oil, a chamber for storing oil formations, a chamber for placing auxiliary equipment, a chamber for placing a horizontal rotary reciprocating installations of rotors, a filter chamber with an input device for sorbents or coagulants, articulated through a filter with a chamber made in the form of an oil trap, the floating device is also equipped with a horizontal and vertical tunnel propulsion and a water heater.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1. Isometric view of the device at an angle from behind.

Figure 2. Top view of the device.

Figure 3. Scheme of the tank.

Figure 4. Block diagram of a turbofan.

Figure 5. Block diagram of an oil trap.

The device includes (Fig. 1) a housing 1, floats 2, two protruding barriers 3 with spacers 4, vertical guides 5, vertical supports 6, longitudinal rails 7, attachment points 8 of vertical supports 6 and longitudinal rails 7 to the floats 2, hydraulic cylinders 9, tunnel-shaped casing 10, platform 11, pan 12, hood 13, pipe 14, nozzle 15.

In figure 2, the positions indicated: positions 1-11 in accordance with the positions of figure 1. Position 16 denotes two hydraulic cylinders that are designed to balance the housing 1, i.e. for its longitudinal displacement back and forth with respect to the floats 2 in such a way as to obtain the optimal trim when collecting oil in an oil tank mounted in a floating device. 17 denotes a turbofan. Position 47 is the heater.

1 and 2, brush plates for collecting oil, a hydraulic pump, drive equipment and other devices according to the present invention are located in a housing 1 mounted between two longitudinal floats 2 forming a floating means.

Two protruding barriers 3 with struts 4, as well as a pan 12 and a hood 13 extend from the housing 1 obliquely forward and direct the oil spilled on the surface of the water into the chamber of the tank with oil collecting brushes.

In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the housing 1 has vertical guides 5 at its corners that are slidably mounted on vertical supports 6 mounted fixedly on the floats 2. The vertical supports 6 are interconnected using at least one longitudinal rail 7, laid with two sides of the housing 1. The mounting points of the vertical supports 6 and the longitudinal rails 7 to the floats are shown at 8. Two symmetrically located hydraulic cylinders 9 are designed to raise and lower the housing 1 with respect to the float Cams 2 to have the necessary landing body 1 in each case.

The housing 1 is preferably adapted to move like a slide with wheels along, for example, rails 7.

Through the use of the principle of balancing, it is possible to adapt the entire device for movement on land. The housing 1 is lowered so that the floats 2 rise up into the air, and then they move forward and the housing 1 rises, moving forward or backward as necessary, etc.

The floating device is also equipped with diesel-based drive equipment located in the housing 1 and containing one or more propellers in the keel portion. As shown in figures 1 and 2, the propellers are installed in the tunnel-like casings 10, preferably containing bottom plates, not shown in the drawings. The shrouds 10 protect the propellers in working condition in shallow water, where numerous protruding rocks are possible. Especially in cases where the floating device is anchored, for example close to the shore, the propellers create a suction flow from the front of the housing 1.

Near the flat platform 11 are various working bodies of this device, known per se and not shown in the drawings.

The tank diagram (Fig. 3) includes a housing 1, which is divided into chambers 18 and 19 for mechanical water purification from oil, a chamber 20 for storing oil formations, a chamber 21 for accommodating the necessary auxiliary equipment, including a pump 22, a chamber 23 in which a horizontal rotor installation 24 of the reciprocating movement of rotors, sorbent input device 25, a filter chamber 26, a chamber 27 made in the form of an oil trap, a chamber 28, which is a settling hopper. A filter 29 is also installed inside the housing 1, comb-shaped elements 30 for removing oil from the brush plates 51 and 52. The camera 20 for storing oil formations is equipped with a unit 49 made in the form of a louvre grill with a overflow shelf under it, which is designed to move thickened to the hopper 48 oil mass.

The housing 1 is also equipped with inlet and outlet nodes 31 located both on the outer surface of the housing 1, so inside the housing 1 between the chambers.

The block diagram of the turbofan 17 (figure 4) includes a turbine 32, a compressor, a reducer 34, a motor generator 35, a pathogen 36, a supercharger 37 and is designed to supply pressure air to the pipelines 14.

The oil trap 27 (Fig. 5) includes a housing 38, a settling zone 39, an oil product receiver 40, a semi-submersible baffle 41, a shield flow regulator 42, an oil product withdrawal pipe 43, a waste water supply pipe 44, a clarified water discharge pipe 45, a clarified collection tray 46 water.

Oil is collected through the node of the brush plates 51 and 52. In this case, the brush plates 51, as in the prototype, are oriented in the vertical plane, and the brush plates 52 in the horizontal plane. The oil is removed by comb-like elements 30. The individual brush plates 51 and 52 are respectively spaced apart from each other so that water can flow between the plates and flow down between the brushes when they are above the surface of the water.

Oil removed from the brush plates can be sucked in by a pump through a pipe connected through a sleeve to, for example, a nearby vessel. Conversely, oil is collected in soft oil tanks or in a separate oil tank.

Water falling from the brushes can flow through the holes provided in the side walls of the brush assembly.

The heater 47 is made in the form of a cylinder, on the walls of which are installed heating elements made in the form of flat nichrome springs, which are insulated with thermal insulation, which is made in the form of a set of cavities filled with glass material and designed to heat sea water intended for washing the brush plate assemblies 51 and 52 .

The node of the brush plates 52 is made in the form of a horizontal rotary installation 24 of the reciprocating movement of the rotors, which are equipped with plate brushes, which is placed in the chamber 23.

The collection of oil spilled in the water (for example, as a result of a tanker accident or an accident on an offshore production platform, or in an accident on a main subsea pipeline) using the proposed floating device is as follows.

By means of a turbofan 17 and a piping system, the surface layer of the water surface is pulled together with an oil film including light fractions that enter the chambers 18 and 19 through the piping system.

At the same time, the water surface is cleaned by means of the nodes of the brush plates 51 and 52. The cleaning product, removed by means of comb-shaped elements 30 for removing oil from the brushes, through the corresponding outlet nodes 31 enters the chamber 20 for storing the oil formations in the form of a viscous mass, which subsequently through the node 49 sent to the hopper 48 and in the future can be used as an ingredient to obtain bitumen raw materials.

An aqueous solution with oil impurities through the pump 22 through the outlet node 31 is sent to the filter chamber 26, into which the coagulant is fed through the device 25 input sorbents or coagulants to break the oil emulsion.

To increase the degree of purification, the solution obtained after processing the casting slag with hydrochloric acid [USSR author's certificate No. 1439083] can be used as coagulants, or aluminum chloroisolpropylate is used as a coagulant or as a waste of the pharmaceutical industry formed at the stage of decomposition of the catalytic production complex chloramphenicol (see, for example, the description to [USSR copyright certificate No. 1439085], or a homopolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, or a 0.1-30% aqueous solution of homo dimethyldiallylammonium chloride olimer containing 5-10 wt.% monomer and having a viscosity of 16000-32000 mPa · C, measured in a 38% aqueous solution at a temperature of 25 degrees [USSR copyright certificate No. 1456000], or a demulsifier containing sodium as an alkyl sulfonate kerosene-based sulfonated waste production salt and additionally containing a copolymer of ethylene with propylene with a mol.m. of 5600-60000 with a molar ratio of propylene and ethylene units (35-48) :( 65-52), respectively, with a weight ratio of sulfini sodium salt waste waste and copolymer in a demulsifier (1.5-3): 1 [USSR copyright certificate No. 1456451].

After cleaning from the oil emulsion, the aqueous solution through the filter 29, which uses a peat-based bioreagent [patent RU No. 2081967], is sent to the chamber 27, made in the form of an oil trap, an analog of which is the device described in the description of [patent RU No. 1712316], which provides for the separation of oil products remaining after mechanical cleaning and filtration.

In a specific embodiment, tunnel propulsors in horizontal and vertical versions are used as propulsors, which are installed on both sides and provide stabilization and maneuvering of a floating device in waves during the cleaning of water areas.

Compared with analogues and prototype, the implementation of the proposed technical solution due to the fact that the protruding barriers with spacers in the lower part are interconnected by a pallet, and in the upper part are interconnected by a hood, the spacers are coupled with a hydraulic actuator, the barriers are hollow, placed inside pipes with inlets made in the form of a nozzle, and the other end of the pipes is connected to a turbofan installed in the housing; a horizontal rotary installation is also placed in the housing reciprocating movement of rotors that are equipped with plate brushes, the reservoir is divided into chambers, including chambers for mechanical cleaning of water from oil, a chamber for storing oil formations, a chamber, a chamber for placing auxiliary equipment, a chamber for placing a horizontal rotary installation of reciprocating rotors, filter a chamber with an input device for sorbents or coagulants articulated through a filter with a chamber made in the form of an oil trap, floating devices о It is also equipped with a horizontal and vertical tunnel propulsion and a water heater, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of cleaning with the fulfillment of environmental requirements.

In case of catastrophic oil product spills in water areas, covering significant areas, the floating device can be performed on the basis of a catamaran vessel with a double hull. In this case, the working bodies of the treatment equipment can be placed in the space between the hulls and in the skegs, and ship communications and equipment are also used.

Claims (1)

A floating device for collecting water-spilled oil, comprising: a body mounted on a floating device with a node of brush plates rotating in a vertical plane, means for removing oil from the brushes, a reservoir for collected oil and a hydraulic pump, drive equipment and a hopper, while the floating means is made in in the form of two longitudinal floats, the housing is installed between the floats with the possibility of vertical and longitudinal relative to them reciprocating movement and is equipped with protruding barriers with spacers The drive equipment is located in the housing and is equipped with hydraulic cylinders for its vertical and longitudinal movement, and behind the housing there are tunnel-shaped casings having protective bottom plates, characterized in that the protruding barriers with spacers in the lower part are interconnected by a pallet, and in the upper part are interconnected by means of a hood, struts are articulated with a hydraulic drive, the barriers are hollow, with pipes placed inside with inlets made in the form of a nozzle, and the other end of the pipes is connected and with a turbofan installed in the housing, the housing also houses a horizontal rotary installation for reciprocating rotors that are equipped with plate brushes, the tank is divided into chambers, including chambers for mechanical cleaning of water from oil, a chamber for storing oil formations, a chamber for placing auxiliary equipment, a chamber for accommodating a horizontal rotor installation of reciprocating movement of rotors, a filter chamber with a device for inputting sorbents or coagulants, it articulated through a filter chamber formed in the form of oil traps floating device is also provided with horizontal and vertical thruster and tunnel heater.

Images