RU2446916C1 - Method of shaping by machining of article with complex profile using multifunctional software and hardware centre - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises main shaping motion of machining tool relative to functional layer surface using cutting machine. The latter has foundation to accommodate positioning system actuator. Method comprises also relative working motion of billet and cutting tool. Aforesaid foundation comprises also organised system of main shaping motion and tool positioning relative to functional layer surface. Note here that that said actuator comprises main table arranged on foundation to mount article to be machined to reciprocate along coordinate Y in foundation guides, and actuator mounts that organise working motions on cutting tool comprising tool head with spindle revolving along circular coordinate C while tool head may reciprocate along coordinate Z. Main shaping tool motion is realised by moving tool along guide made up of envelope of sequential positions of circle arcs simulating profile of round cutting plate. Note here that said mounts represent column furnished with horizontal guides. One post of said column accommodates tools magazine with set of arbor shafts. Main table is provided with rotary table articulated with the main table to turn along circular coordinate B. Note that said actuator is additionally provided with carriage having vertical guides oriented along coordinate axis Z and mounted on column horizontal guides, slide arranged on vertical guides on the carriage, and table articulated with slide to turn along circular coordinate A relative to said slide. Note also that tool head is rigidly secured directly on said table to turn coupled therewith.

EFFECT: higher precision and surface finish, increased efficiency.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of machine tool industry and can be used within the framework of the State program for the modernization and technological development of leading sectors of the national economy through the introduction of the modern level of science and technology in the field of complex machining by cutting complex products in leading industries that determine the level of economic development of the state as a whole .

That is, the preferred direction of use is automated mechatronic processing by cutting the functional layer of products with a complex spatial profile of both curved surfaces formed in this layer and discrete structures using modernized machine park and auxiliary equipment (devices) known from the prior art.

The prior art method for processing the cutting of the surface structure of a complex profile in the functional layer of the product by means of a multifunctional software and hardware center, which consists in the fact that the main form-forming movement of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer of the product is carried out using a program-based coordinate coordinate actuating system. For this, a metal cutting machine is used, on the bed of which an actuating system for positioning and relative working movement of the workpiece and tool is placed, which is equipped with a coordinate-organized system of the main forming movement and positioning of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer of the product. In this case, an executive system is used, including a main table mounted directly on the machine bed for basing the workpiece, organized with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the coordinate Y in the guide rails of the bed, as well as means for installing nodes and mechanisms of the executive system that kinematically organize the working movements of the cutting tool itself . A tool head with a spindle rotating in a circular coordinate With a spindle is introduced into the structure of these nodes and mechanisms, which is organized with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Z coordinate. In addition, the center is equipped with a numerical control system (CNC) of the said executive system, through which (t. e. CNC systems) provide the ability to form an integral formative relative movement of the product and tool according to a given program during the technological cycle (RU, pa tent No. 2356704, B23D 5/02, 2008).

The disadvantages of this known from the prior art method include limited functionality and, as a result, the relatively low productivity and accuracy class of processing.

The claimed technical solution was based on the task of expanding functional capabilities by ensuring the implementation of various technological operations (in particular, planing, milling, drilling, boring, turning complex surfaces) with one installation of the workpiece on the base surface, as well as increasing the productivity of the equipment improving the accuracy class of processing and surface finish.

The technical result consists in increasing the accuracy class and surface cleanliness of the processed product while increasing the productivity of technological equipment.

The technical result achieved is ensured by the fact that in the method of forming by machining a product with a complex profile surface using a multifunctional software and hardware center, including the main shaping movement of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer of the product, for which a metal cutting machine is used, on the bed of which the executive system is placed positioning and relative working movement of the workpiece and tool, which is equipped with a coordinate-organized system of the main forming movement and positioning of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer of the product, while the said executive system includes a main table mounted directly on the machine bed for basing the workpiece, made with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the coordinate Y in the guides of the bed, and also a means of installing nodes and mechanisms of the executive system, kinematically organizing working displacements of the cutting tool itself, which include a tool head with a circular spindle rotating With a spindle, which is arranged with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Z coordinate, while the center is equipped with a numerical control system for the said actuating system, by which it is possible to form integral formative relative movement of the product and tool according to a given program in the process of technol cal cycle according to the invention the main forming tool movement is performed sequentially moving the tool along a guide formed as the envelope of the successive positions of circular arcs simulating circuit used in the cutting tool cutting a circular plate; at the same time, the mentioned means of installing the nodes and mechanisms of the executive system are structurally organized in the form of a portal, which is equipped with horizontal guides, on one of the racks of which there is a tool store with a set of tool holders; the main table of the executive system is equipped with a rotary table kinematically connected with the main table with the possibility of turning in the circular coordinate B; wherein said actuating system is additionally equipped with a carriage with vertical guides oriented along the coordinate axis Z mounted on the horizontal guides of the portal; a slider that is mounted on the vertical guides of the carriage; as well as a table that is associated with the slider with the possibility of rotation along the circular coordinate A relative to the slider, while the tool head is rigidly fixed directly to said table with the possibility of joint rotation.

It is advisable to equip the tool head with a rigidly connected unloading device, which is structurally organized in the form of a housing with a sleeve located in its cavity on the rotation supports that is kinematically not connected to the spindle and made with a tapered seating surface, through which the mandrel of the cutting tool in the form of a planing or turning cutter.

An analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed technical solution, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features and relationships between them that are identical to all the essential features of the claimed technical solutions, and the prototype selected from the list of identified analogues, as the closest analogue in the set of features, allowed to identify the totality venous (in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicant) distinctive features in the declared object.

Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "novelty" under the current law.

In order to verify the conformity of the claimed invention with the condition of patentability “inventive step”, the applicant conducted an additional search for known technical solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed technical solution, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from a known person technology, since from the prior art determined by the applicant, the influence of the essential Kami claimed invention transformations to achieve the technical result of the applicant sees.

In particular, the claimed invention does not provide for the following transformations of a known prototype object:

- addition of a well-known object by any well-known sign, attached to it according to known rules, to achieve a technical result, in respect of which the influence of such additions is established;

- replacement of any sign of a known object with another well-known sign to achieve a technical result, in respect of which the influence of such a replacement is established;

- the exclusion of any sign of a known object with the simultaneous exclusion due to the presence of this sign of the function and the achievement of the usual result for this exclusion;

- an increase in the number of similar features in a known object to enhance the technical result due to the presence of just such signs in the object;

- the implementation of a known object or part of it from a known material to achieve a technical result due to the known properties of the material;

- the creation of an object that includes known features, the choice of which and the relationship between them are based on known rules, and the achieved technical result is due only to the known properties of the features of this object and the relationships between them.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirements of the patentability conditions "inventive step" under the current law.

The invention is illustrated in graphic materials.

Figure 1 - General view of the software and hardware center for implementing the claimed method (front view).

Figure 2 - General view of the software and hardware center for implementing the inventive method (top view of figure 1).

Figure 3 is a General view (in section) of the unloading device of the hardware and software center for implementing the inventive method with the mandrel of the planing cutter.

Figure 4 is a General view (in section) of the unloading device of the hardware and software center for implementing the inventive method with an installed drill mandrel.

5 is a fragment of a three-dimensional (curved) machined surface with a rectilinear generatrix and a curved guide.

6 is a fragment of a three-dimensional (curvilinear) machined surface with curved and changing generatrix and guide.

Fig.7 and Fig.8 is a diagram of the cutting of a curved surface with a planing cutter with a round interchangeable cutting insert

In the graphic materials, the main nodes and units of the software and hardware center for the implementation of the claimed method are indicated by the following positions:

1 - base;

2 - portal (fixed with horizontal guides - coordinate axis X);

3 - bed (with horizontal guides - the coordinate axis Y);

4 - carriage (with vertical guides / coordinate axis Z /, mounted on the horizontal guides of the portal 2);

5 - slider (mounted on the vertical guides of the carriage 4);

6 - table (mounted with the possibility of rotation in a circular coordinate along arrow A relative to the slider 5);

7 - head (tool spindle, rotated in the direction of arrow A together with table 6);

8 - table (the main, moved along the coordinate Y in the guides of the bed 3);

9 - table (rotary, mounted on table 8 with the possibility of turning in arrow B);

10 - store (tools mounted on the rack of the portal 2 with the possibility of rotation);

11 - set (tool holders installed in the store 10);

12 - spindle (mounted for rotation along arrow C in spindle head 7);

13 - billet (processed);

14 - device (unloading);

15 - case (unloading device 14);

16 - sleeve (with a conical mounting surface for basing the mandrel 18 planing or turning tool);

17 - bearings (mounting for sleeve 16);

18 - mandrel (planer cutter);

19 - teeth (driver mandrels 18);

20 - groove (spindle 12);

21 - bearings (mounting spindle 12);

22 - surface;

23 - cutter;

24 - plate (cutting interchangeable).

The claimed method is implemented as follows.

The main shape-forming movement of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer of the product is carried out using a program-organized coordinate actuating system of movement, the main shape-forming movement of the tool is carried out by sequential movement of the tool along the guide, which is a line formed as an envelope of consecutive positions of arcs of circles imitating the cutting contour used in the tool round insert 24 with possible the formation of a three-dimensional surface.

A multifunctional hardware and software center for forming a surface structure of a complex profile by cutting in the functional layer of the product (designed to implement the claimed method) includes the following systems, components and assemblies.

In the metal-cutting machine of the software and hardware center, on the base 1, a fixed portal 2 is installed with two racks and horizontal guides (X coordinate axis), as well as a bed 3 with horizontal guides (Y coordinate axis, orthogonal to the X axis). On the horizontal guides of the portal 2 there is a carriage 4 with vertical guides (coordinate axis Z, orthogonal to the X and Y axes), and on its vertical guides - slider 5. On slider 5 there is a table mounted with the possibility of rotation in a circular coordinate (arrow A) relative to the slide 5 together with the tool spindle head 7, rotated in a circular coordinate (arrow A) together with table 6. In addition, the hardware and software center includes a table 8, which is installed with the ability to move along the coordinate In the guides of the bed 3, as well as the rotary table 9 mounted on the table 8 with the possibility of rotation in a circular coordinate (arrow B).

On the rack of the portal 2 is installed with the possibility of rotation store 10 tools, which houses a set of 11 tool holders.

The spindle 12 is mounted to rotate in the direction of arrow C in the spindle head 7.

The workpiece 13 is based on a turntable 9.

In addition, the tool head 5 can be equipped with an unloading device 14 rigidly connected to it, structurally organized in the form of a housing 15 with a sleeve 16 located in its cavity on the rotation supports (bearings 17), kinematically not connected to the spindle 12 and made with a tapered seating surface for basing the mandrel 18 of the cutting tool in the form of a planing or turning tool.

It is quite obvious that the above-described systems, components and assemblies of the software and hardware center together form an executive system for positioning and relative working movement of the workpiece and tool, equipped with a coordinate-organized system of the main forming movement and positioning of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer of the product, which operates on the basis of the numerical system program control (CNC) of the said Executive system, providing (relates to the CNC system) the possibility of forming an integral formative relative movement of the product and tool according to a given program in the process cycle.

The hardware-software center operates as follows. In the initial position, the tool spindle head 7 is rotated in a circular coordinate (arrow A) so that the axis of the spindle 12 is located horizontally at the level of the lower cell of the tool magazine 10. By moving the carriage 4 in the horizontal guides of the portal 2 (together with the tool spindle head 7) to the left (X coordinate), i.e. in the direction of the tool magazine 10, the corresponding tool holder 11 is placed in the socket of the spindle 12 and is fixed there in the direction of the arrow F. Thus, a tool, for example a tool holder 18 with a planing cutter (Fig. 3), is based on the cone of the sleeve 16 and along its end, and the teeth 19 enter the groove of the spindle 12.

By moving the slider 5 in the Z coordinate downward in the vertical guides of the carriage 4, the tool holder 11 is taken from the tool magazine 10. Tool spindle head 7 is ready for operation. The entire sequence of movements along the corresponding coordinates of both the working bodies carrying the cutting tool and the table 8 together with the rotary table 9 with the workpiece 13 (set with the possibility of horizontal movement along the coordinate Y and rotation around the circular coordinate - arrow B) is programmatically organized and functions by means of a numerical program control system, connected via a control panel to a control computer processor (not shown conditionally in graphic materials).

At the same time, the necessary operations are carried out in a technological sequence, for example, planing of elongated narrow surfaces, refinement of some sections of the machined surface by milling and drilling, as well as turning.

Moreover, planing can be carried out not only along direct paths, but also along curved, including three-dimensional. This is ensured by the ability to control, according to a given program, the rotation of the cutter so that its cutting edge is always oriented perpendicular to the tangent to the motion path at each point of this path.

It should be noted here that, for example, during the planing process, it is possible to carry out the technological cycle without idling of the cutting tool, by enabling the front surface of the cutter to be rotated through an angle of 180 ° at the end of each pass, which increases the productivity of the process and simplifies the technological cycle of the planing process due to no need to lift the cutter during the reverse stroke.

When changing operations, the tool is also replaced: the spent tool is returned to the tool magazine 10, and the necessary tool for the next operation is placed in the shift position by rotating the magazine 10, i.e. in the lower position, where it is fixed in the socket of the spindle 12 as described above.

This ensures the multifunctionality of the hardware and software center and increases productivity while increasing the accuracy and quality of the machined profile surfaces of the product.

Figure 5 presents a fragment of a three-dimensional machined surface with a rectilinear generatrix and a curved guide. The complex surface formed by the sequential position of the rectilinear generators is the segments of the trajectories of the rectilinear movements of the cutter 23 relative to the workpiece. A curved guide is a line formed as an envelope of consecutive positions of arcs of circles imitating the cutting contour of a circular cutting insert 24. The curve is formed in accordance with the coordinate values of the points specified in the product drawing. The contour of the guide remains unchanged in configuration along the generators.

Figure 6 presents a fragment of a three-dimensional machined surface with a curved and varying generatrix and guide. The contour of the guide also represents the envelope of successive positions of the contour of the insert, however, the configuration of this contour varies along the generatrix, which, in contrast to the surface of FIG. 5, is curved.

7 shows a processing diagram of a curved surface 22 of a part using a cutter 23 equipped with a round plate 24. The contour of the cross section of the surface 22 is a line enveloping the traces of circular arcs left by the cutting contour of the plate 24. The distance S between the axes of adjacent circles (between adjacent passages) determines the height of the microroughness and is assigned depending on the requirements for the roughness of the treated surface. This distance S is calculated by the formula:

where H is the allowable height of the microroughness of the treated surface, specified in the drawing of the part;

D is the diameter of the carbide cutting insert.

Figure 3 shows that the tip of the cutter should be located on the axis of rotation (rotation) of the spindle. This arrangement of the cutter is mandatory for the implementation of power planing. Any displacement of the tip of the cutter from the axis of rotation of the spindle leads to torque on the spindle and requires correction in the program of the control computer when working with rotation of the cutter to form precisely located curved surfaces.

Thus, the hardware and software center that implements the claimed method can be used for automated mechatronic processing by cutting the functional layer of products with a complex spatial profile of both extended curved surfaces formed in this layer and discrete structures using modernized machine park known from the prior art and auxiliary equipment (devices), which confirms the conformity of the claimed technical solution to the condition of patentability ti "industrial applicability".

Claims (2)

1. A method of shaping by machining a product with a complex profile surface by means of a multifunctional software and hardware center (MPAC), comprising the main shaping movement of the cutting tool relative to the surface of the product functional layer using a metal cutting machine, on the bed of which an actuating system for positioning and relative working movement of the workpiece is placed and cutting tool, which is equipped with a coordinate-organized system of hl explicit shaping movement and positioning of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer of the product, while the said executive system includes a main table mounted directly on the MPAC machine bed for basing the workpiece, made with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the coordinate Y in the guides of the bed, as well as a means for installing the nodes and mechanisms of the executive system, kinematically organizing directly the working movements of the cutting and strumenta, which include a tool head with a spindle rotating in a circular coordinate With a spindle, which is organized with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Z coordinate, while the MPAC is equipped with a numerical control system for said actuating system, by which it is possible to form an integral formative relative movement of the product and a cutting tool according to a given program during the technological cycle, characterized in that the main The th formative movement of the cutting tool is carried out by sequential movement of the tool along a guide formed as an envelope of consecutive positions of arcs of circles imitating the cutting contour of a round cutting insert used in the tool, and the mentioned installation tool for nodes and mechanisms of the executive system is structurally arranged in the form of a portal equipped with horizontal guides , on one of the racks of which there is a tool store with a set of tools mandrels, the main table of the executive system is equipped with a rotary table kinematically connected with the main table with the possibility of turning in the circular coordinate B, while the said executive system is additionally equipped with a carriage with vertical guides oriented along the coordinate axis Z mounted on the horizontal guides of the portal, a slider, which is mounted on the vertical guides of the carriage, and a table that is connected to the slide with the possibility of rotation in a circle A howl of the coordinate relative to the slide, the tool head is rigidly fixed directly on said table with the possibility of co-rotation with him. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool head is equipped with an unloading device rigidly connected to it, which is structurally arranged in the form of a housing with a sleeve placed in its cavity on rotation supports, kinematically not connected to the spindle and made with a conical seating surface, by which base the mandrel of the cutting tool in the form of a planing or turning tool.

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