RU2444343C2 - Method for applying surgical optical system with flexible short-focus lens in portion of visual field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine. Applying a surgical optical system consists in the fact that a flexible short-focus lens is introduced in a portion of a visual field of an optical instrument.

EFFECT: method provides better quality of microsurgeries requiring no variations in optical system parameters (system reset).

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to ophthalmic surgery, and can be used during microsurgical operations to determine areas of intervention and improve the quality of the performed manipulations.

Since ancient times, changes in the properties of light upon reflection and passage through transparent media have been known. Presumably, the first experience of observing the magnifying properties of images arose when observing the optical properties of short-focus lenses: glass balls, products of fusion of magmatic masses, random subsequent directional process of glass production. Observations of changes in light as it passes through spherical fragments of transparent media have become the source of modern advances in optical optics. Technological advances in the production of thin lenses led to the creation of the first optical systems - magnifiers. The source of ideas about geometric optics was the study of the passage of light through magnifiers and the reflection of light from mirrors [4].

A single magnifier, a system of several magnifiers (“tripod magnifiers”) are the basis of technical devices for enlarging images: the magnifier itself, a telescope, binoculars, a slit lamp, an operating microscope, etc. [1, 2, 3, 4]. Optical systems of tripod loops have technological limitations, which leads to the possibility of the largest image magnification up to 40-60 units. The field of view of the devices limits the working area. Own field of vision of the researcher (surgeon) is limited by the eyepiece of the device. Within the working area, observation and effective surgical intervention or other technological impact can be made.

The optical system of the microscope allows you to zoom in several hundred times, up to 1200-2000 units. Anthony van Levenguk was recognized as the author of the first technically significant microscope [4]. Levenguk used a technologically simple device to achieve a major technical result. The short-focus lens in the Levenguk microscope is a glass ball. A glass ball is obtained by melting the tip of a glass filament after stretching a heated rod and glass. Lens sizes are variable. The resulting glass ball (lens) is clamped between two metal plates into the lumen of the hole obtained when drilling with a piece of sewing needle by a sharpened “spatula”. The Levenguk microscope is used at a close distance from the researcher’s eye. The object under study is in contact with the lens. Achieved a 250-400-fold increase. The Levenguk microscope laid the foundation for microbiological research.

Modern optical systems of microscopes consist of magnifying glass systems and short-focus lenses, which can effectively reduce aberration phenomena and achieve an increase of more than 1000 units. To reduce aberration between the microscope objective and the object is placed a liquid medium - immersion [1].

The technical goal of all magnifying optical systems is achieved by increasing the angle of view under which the image is visible. In the operating optical system - an operating microscope, an increase in the image leads to a decrease in the working area (limitation). The technical capabilities of modern systems exceed the physiological capabilities of the surgeon. The limitation of the use of operating systems is due to the physiological capabilities of the surgeon, such as hand tremor, the limitation of articular and muscular balance when performing small movements and only partly by the deterioration of the illumination of the working area, a decrease in the depth of field and other factors. The use of more than 20-fold increase complicates the work of the surgeon or requires additional technical skills [3].

The technological need to change the increase in the working area leads to time costs, and in the case of a step change, the increase "to lose" the image of the object [2].

Short-focus lenses and small optical objects are characterized by peripheral aberrations (image distortion at the edges of the device). The fact of the existence of aberration, methods of suppressing them, the nature of the effect on the visual image is in the attention of ophthalmologists. Ophthalmologists possess practical skills both in the use of aberration and in methods of suppressing aberration [1, 3].

The aim of the study is a way to locally increase part of the working area when working with the operating system, to increase the quality of microsurgical operations.

This is achieved by the fact that a short-focus lens of a small size is introduced into part of the field of view of the operating system. Reducing the aberration of a short-focus lens is achieved by the fact that tissue fluids, solutions of anesthetics, balanced solutions located and moisturizing the surgical field act as immersion fluids. Partially suppressing aberration, increasing the technical result is achieved by the practical skill of the surgeon, which consists in the possibility of rocking (mobility) of the lens in the plane of the surgical field. The method is carried out with one hand, does not require changing the parameters of the entire operating system (reconfiguration), does not increase the operation time, does not require a change in the course of the operation.

The practical use of the method is technologically simple. As a short-focus lens of small size, an "eye glass rod", previously produced by the medical industry, can be used. The material for making the eye bacillus was non-fragile glass that can withstand sterilization temperatures. In the eye rod, one tip is a fused cone-shaped rod in the form of a ball. As a working area of a glass eye rod, both a spherical surface and the rod’s cylindrical rod can be used. In domestic conditions, it is technologically easy to reflow a glass rod to achieve a satisfactory optical effect; additional grinding is available.

The method allows to meet the requirements of modern ophthalmosurgery in determining the areas of intervention, for example, determining the zone of the sinus and trabeculae, the quality of the microsurgical unit and suture, and other purposes.

The method does not require significant costs, technically not complicated. Allows you to improve the quality of microsurgical operations.

Bibliography

1. Remizov A.N. The course of physics, electronics and cybernetics. - M.: Higher School, 1982, p.334-345.

2. Urmacher L.S., Aizenshtat L.I. Ophthalmic surgical devices. - M .: Medicine, 1988, pp. 108-111, 174-189.

3. Krasnov M.L., Belyaev B.C. Guide to eye surgery. - M .: Medicine, 1988, pp. 6-11, 18-21, 226-231, 234-239.

4. Ed. Aksenova M.D. Encyclopedia for children. T.14 Technique. - M .: Avanta +, 1999, p. 83-86.

Claims (1)

A method of using an operating optical system, characterized in that a movable short-focus lens is introduced into a portion of the field of view of the optical device.