RU2442762C1 - Way of production of lightweight ceramic heat insulating and heat insulating and constructional material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building materials industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to building materials industry, and more precisely to ways of production of a porous ceramic heat insulating material. The technical result of the invention is reduction of fuel and energy resources and the prime cost of the goods. The way of production of a lightweight ceramic heat insulating and heat insulating and constructional material includes mixing of a silica-containing component and an alkaline component, homogenizing of the raw mixture, preliminary burning of the grained raw mixture, grinding of the burned grains and burning of the pulverized powder in metal moulds; in order to eliminate strong inclusions the silica-containing component is processed on the stone-separating rolls in advance. Diatomite or tripoli and/or gaize are used as a silica-containing component. They contain active silica. And the mixture of caustic soda and calcined soda with the ratio 0,5-0,8/1 is used as an alkaline component. Mixing of the silica-containing component and the alkaline component is performed with the weight percentage content of caustic soda 6-12 % and of calcined soda 8-15 % in the dry raw mixture. Homogenizing of the raw mixture is performed by processing in the screw press with the filtering mesh with the size of 5-25 mm. Preliminary burning of the grained raw mixture is performed at the temperature of 500-600°C in the rotary furnace, and burning of the pulverized powder in metal forms is performed in the furnace by heating it up to the temperature of 680-800°C with the speed of 60-80°C/hour, with further isothermal exposure at the maximum temperature within 1-3 hours, cooling from the maximum temperature to 600°C with the speed of 30-50°C/hour and from 600 to 50°C with the speed of 50-60°C/hour.

EFFECT: reduction of fuel and energy resources and the prime cost of the goods.

3 cl, 4 ex, 3 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry, and more particularly to methods for producing a lightweight (porous) ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material from widespread and affordable raw materials containing active silica, and can be used in the manufacture of bricks, blocks, plates, etc. P.

The prior art construction material and the method of its production by V.N. Ivanenko "Building materials and products from siliceous rocks". - Kiev: Alarm: 1978, 120 p. The building material is obtained from the initial mixture comprising a silica-containing component, an alkaline component and water with a ratio of the content of the alkaline component to the content of the silica-containing component in the range from 0.08 to 0.40, the total content of the silica-containing component and the alkaline component to the water content in the range from 1.6 to 5.3. The resulting material has a porosity of 63-80 vol.%, Density from 300 to 700 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity from 0.14 to 0.29 W / (m ° C) and compressive strength from 13 to 50 kgf / cm ² . The method of obtaining the material is that a silica-containing component, an alkaline component and water are mixed to obtain an initial mixture in which the ratio of the content of the alkaline component to the content of the silica-containing component is in the range from 0.08 to 0.40 and the ratio of the total content of silica-containing and alkaline components to the water content is in the range from 1.6 to 5.3. Before mixing, the physical water is partially removed from the silica-containing component (dried) and then ground to a basic fraction of less than 0.14 mm. The mixture of the starting components is mixed and a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is held for at least two hours for the occurrence of silicate formation reactions and to obtain a silicate mass, which is filled into molds and heated to its expansion temperature in the temperature range of 650-900 ° C, followed by cooling to ambient temperature and extraction from forms of building material. The expansion of the silicate mass is ensured by water vapor. Steam is formed from water obtained by partial dehydration in the specified temperature range of certain types of hydroxides contained in the silicate mass. Also involved in vaporization is physical water in the silicate mass. The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the material obtained, which is manifested in the heterogeneity of porosity and an unsatisfactory combination of material characteristics - density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity.

Known building material and method for its preparation, see US Pat. RU No. 2053984, class C04B 38/02, publ. 02/10/1996, the Building material is obtained from the initial mixture containing a silica-containing component, an alkaline component, a zinc-containing component and water with a ratio of the content of the alkaline component to the content of the silica-containing component in the range from 0.4 to 0.5, the total content of silica-containing component and alkaline component to the water content in the range of values from 0.8 to 2.2. Tripoli, diatomite or flask are used as the silica-containing component, sodium hydroxide is used as the alkaline component, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate or zinc chloride are used as the zinc-containing additive, and tap water is used as water. The resulting material has a porosity of 78-89 vol.%, A density of 134 to 302 kg / m ³ , a thermal conductivity of 0.074 to 0.098 W / (m ° C) and compressive strength of 2 to 10 kgf / cm ² . The method of obtaining the material consists in mixing a silica-containing component, an alkaline component, a zinc-containing component and water to obtain an initial mixture in which the ratio of the content of the alkaline component to the content of the silica-containing component is in the range from 0.4 to 0.5 and the ratio of the total content silica-containing and alkaline components to the water content is in the range from 0.8 to 2.2. The specified mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass is obtained, in which silicate formation reactions take place to obtain a silicate mass. The obtained silicate mass is filled into molds, heated to a temperature of 350-400 ° C, at which the mass is swollen, followed by cooling to ambient temperature and the finished building material is removed from the molds. The expansion of the silicate mass is ensured by water vapor. Steam is formed from water obtained by partial dehydration in the specified temperature range of certain types of hydroxides contained in the silicate mass. Also involved in vaporization is physical water in the silicate mass. The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the material obtained, which manifests itself in the heterogeneity of porosity and an unsatisfactory combination of material characteristics - density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The mentioned disadvantage is explained by the fact that physical water and chemically bound water of certain types of hydroxides involved in the process of vaporization are dehydrated at the expansion temperature. Another factor explaining the low quality of the obtained material is that the silicate mass of high humidity is subjected to expansion, the ratio of the total content of silica-containing and alkaline components to the water content is in the range from 0.8 to 2.2, which creates conditions for aggregation of mass particles , which leads to the formation of voids, large pores and interconnected (open) pores.

A known method of obtaining a building material, comprising mixing a silica-containing component, an alkaline component and water with a ratio of alkaline component to silica-containing component from 0.08 to 0.40 and a ratio of total silica-containing and alkaline component to water up to 5.3 to obtain a homogeneous silicate mass, filling it with a mold and heating to a temperature of expansion of the silicate mass, followed by cooling to ambient temperature and removing g from the mold of the building material, the resulting silicate mass is subjected, before filling the mold, to a temperature effect to a residual moisture content of less than 5 wt.%, grinding to a particle size of not more than 100 μm, which ensures pore size less than 3 mm when swelling, after filling the mold, it is heated to 600 ° C partial dehydration of the specified mass, then heating to a swelling temperature in the range from 650 to 900 ° C, and to cooling with a gradual decrease in temperature according to the regime: to 580 ° C at a speed of no higher than 2 ° C / min, to 250 ° C - not higher than 8 ° C / min up to 20 ° С - not higher than 1,5 ° С / min. Moreover, the ratio of the total content of silica-containing and alkaline components to the water content is at least 0.8, this grinding is carried out to a particle size of less than 80 microns, heating to 600 ° C is carried out in temperature ranges up to 165 ° C, from 165 to 220 ° C, from 230 to 350 ° C, from 450 to 600 ° C in any sequence, partial dehydration of the specified mass is carried out due to the dehydration of iron and aluminum hydroxides contained in the silicate mass, swelling is carried out due to the final removal of chemically bonded water, see US Pat. RU No. 2300506, class C04B 28/24, publ. 06/10/2007, the Method is characterized by improving the operational characteristics of the obtained building material based on available widely distributed siliceous rocks. This well-known technical solution was adopted as a prototype, as the closest analogue in technical essence and achieved result.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the impossibility of practical implementation of the method in real conditions on the currently available technological equipment, high energy costs, high cost of finished products and difficult sanitary conditions of the method:

- when the ratio of the content of the alkaline component to the content of the silica-containing component of 0.4 and the ratio of the total content of silica-containing and alkaline components to the water content of at least 0.8, the content of the alkaline component in the raw material mixture will be 29%, and its moisture content will be 55.5 % Under these conditions, within 1 minute the raw material mixture turns into a viscous and sticky mass, which instantly adheres to the walls and blades of the mixers. In such conditions it is almost impossible to clean the mixer of any type;

- as calculations show, for drying the raw mix from a moisture content of 55.5% to a residual moisture content of 5%, at which the milled powder is poured into molds, it will be necessary to expend 156 m ^{3 of} natural gas per 1 ton of powder. When the density of the material obtained is 400 kg / m ³ and the price of natural gas is 3 rubles / m ³ in the cost of finished products, only the drying of the powder will be 187 rubles / m ³ ;

- with an alkali component (NaOH) content of 29% and its market wholesale price of 30 rubles / kg with a finished material density of 400 kg / m ³ in the cost of finished products, this component will be 3,480 rubles / m ³ . Thus, for only two expenditure items, the cost of finished products will be 3667 rubles / m ^{3 of} finished products;

- the description of the prototype shows example 1, in which the moisture content of the raw material mixture was 45.5%, and the content of NaOH - 29%. At such a moisture content of the raw material mixture and its 29% NaOH content, agitation will also occur. In addition, crushing and subsequent grinding of the mixture dried up to 1% moisture will cause unlimited dustiness of the production facilities with alkali-containing particles, which will undoubtedly create unbearable sanitary and hygienic conditions for workers;

- the firing duration, taking into account only isothermal extracts, was 46 hours, and taking into account the temperature rise between the isothermal extracts, the total duration of firing in the kiln will be at least 80 hours without taking into account the time to cool the products in the furnace. For comparison, it should be noted that when firing ceramic bricks, the duration of firing products without taking them into account in the kiln is no more than 30 hours, while the length of the tunnel kilns is 120-150 m. Thus, for the implementation of this method of producing building material in practice, the length the tunnel kiln will be at least 300 m. There are no such kilns in nature yet. In addition, in practical terms, it seems doubtful the organization of the presented regime of firing products in the kiln.

These disadvantages of the prototype significantly complicate the technological process of production of building material.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which is expressed in providing the possibility of producing a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural material on currently existing technological equipment. Ultimately, this technical result allows to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources and the cost of finished products, to improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions of production.

In the developed method for producing a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material, all the positive properties of the prototype are maximally preserved, the most important of which is the use of widely available siliceous rocks.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the method for producing a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material, comprising mixing a siliceous component and an alkaline component, homogenizing the raw material mixture, pre-firing the granular raw material mixture, grinding the fired granules and firing the milled powder in metal forms, differs from prototype in that they pre-process the silica-containing component for stone extraction -negative trudnodrobimyh rollers for removing impurities. In this case, diatomite or tripoli and / or flask containing active silica are alternatively used as a silica-containing component, and a mixture of caustic soda and soda ash in a ratio of 0.5-0.8 / 1, a mixture of a silica-containing component and an alkaline component is used as an alkaline component is carried out with the content of the mass fraction in the dry raw mix of caustic soda 6-12% and soda ash 8-15%, the homogenization of the raw mix is carried out by processing in a screw press with a filter grate with a mesh size of 5-25 mm, the preliminary firing of the granular raw material mixture is carried out at a temperature of 500-600 ° C in a rotary kiln, the grinding of ground powder in metal forms is carried out in the furnace by raising the temperature to 680-800 ° C at a speed of 60-80 ° C / h, followed by isothermal exposure at a maximum temperature for 1-3 hours, cooling from a maximum temperature to 600 ° C at a speed of 30-50 ° C / h and from 600 to 50 ° C at a speed of 50-60 ° C / h.

According to the method, preferably, when mixing a silica-containing component and an alkaline component, caustic soda is introduced in the form of granules or 46%

solution, and soda ash in the form of a powder. The optimal from the point of view of achieving the specified technical result is the implementation of grinding the calcined granules in a rod mixer or in a ball mill and moistening the calcined granules to a moisture content of 5-7%.

The technical solution, characterized by the described set of essential features, is new, industrially applicable and has an inventive step.

The developed method for producing a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material is based on the properties of the natural raw materials Tripoli, diatomite or flask containing active silica (hereinafter, MCAC material containing active silica), consisting in the active release of gaseous products from MCAC during firing in temperature range 680-800 ° C and due to the decomposition of soda ash (Na ₂ CO ₃ hereinafter soda) with the release of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) in the presence of acoustic soda (NaOH, hereinafter alkali). In this case, alkali acts as a catalyst for the melting and decomposition of soda, and the expansion of the raw material mixture is ensured mainly by the release of carbon dioxide and not water vapor.

The technical solution is illustrated by the diagram.

The figure shows a schematic flow diagram of the production of ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural material with a capacity of up to 100 thousand m ³ per year, indicating the type and name of the technological equipment existing at present and implemented as a continuous production line.

In accordance with the presented technological scheme, the production of ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural material is carried out as follows.

The initial silica-containing component, namely the natural raw materials diatomite or tripoli, or flask, or tripoli mixture with flask containing active silica, is loaded from the warehouse or directly from the quarry into the MA4-003 feeder or feeders IPD21, from which through a conveyor belt comes to pre-treatment carried out by means of stone-extraction rollers VK-1 to remove intractable inclusions. Pretreatment of the silica-containing component on the stone extraction rollers can significantly intensify active silica in it. A certain volume of MASK with a career humidity of 20-42% is loaded into a batch mixer by means of a weight batcher. At the same time, an alkaline component consisting of caustic soda and soda ash in a ratio of 0.5-0 is loaded into a batch mixer by means of parallel independent line threads consisting respectively of a NaOH receiving hopper and a Na ₂ CO ₃ receiving hopper equipped with screw conveyors and weight batchers. , 8/1. In this case, depending on the moisture of the MASK, alkali can be introduced in the form of granules or in the form of a 46% solution, and soda in the form of a powder. The ratio of caustic and soda ash in the alkaline component depends on the content of active silica in the initial MCAA. Equally important is the fact that the market value of soda ash is 2 times lower than the cost of caustic soda. The mixture of the silica-containing component and the alkaline component is carried out for several minutes, ensuring the content of the mass fraction in the dry raw mix of caustic soda 6-12% and soda ash 8-15%, depending on the moisture content of the raw mix. When the alkali content in the raw material mixture is not more than 12% and the moisture content of the raw material mixture is up to 35%, its sufficient flowability is ensured and sticking to the mixer mechanisms is eliminated.

The resulting finished raw material mixture is discharged from the mixer and, through the UMATP-22 feeder, is sent for homogenization to a screw press granulator (SMK-506), which ensures high productivity and stable particle size distribution in a continuous cycle. Existing screw press equipment is equipped with a filter grate with a mesh size of 5-25 mm.

To reduce the duration of firing products in molds, to ensure the milling of the material into powder to a particle size of less than 0.1 mm, the granular raw mix obtained in a screw press is sent via a conveyor belt for preliminary firing to a rotary kiln 40-60 m long at a temperature of 500-600 ° C . After cooling in the drum refrigerator, the final homogenization and grinding of granules is carried out to obtain a powder with a maximum particle size of less than 0.1 mm in a SK-09 rod mixer or in a ball mill (see the book “Ceramic wall materials: optimization of their physical and technical properties and technological production parameters ”, V.A. Kondratenko, Moscow, Composite, 2005, p. 120, 356-357). To exclude dusting and improve grindability in a core mixer or ball mill, the fired granules are moistened to a moisture content of 5-7%. With a moisture content of 5-7% of raw materials containing MASK and alkali-containing components, rod mixers and ball mills work stably, while dusting in the production room is eliminated and sanitary and hygienic conditions of production are improved.

The obtained milled powder is filled into the metal molds of the products and sent for firing in a tunnel kiln, where they are heated to a temperature of 680-800 ° C, at which expansion occurs. The temperature rise in the tunnel furnace is carried out at a speed of 60-80 ° C / h. Then, in a tunnel furnace, isothermal aging is carried out sequentially at a maximum temperature for 1-3 hours, cooling from a maximum temperature to 600 ° C at a speed of 30-50 ° C / h and from 600 to 50 ° C at a speed of 50-60 ° C / hours Modern tunnel kilns have a certain temperature inertia and accuracy of temperature control, based on which the temperature conditions of firing are determined. After firing, the molds of the products to be fired are taken out of the furnace, cooled to ambient temperature, and transferred to the product forming station by means of an electric transfer trolley, where the finished material is removed from the molds and sent to the finished goods warehouse.

Thus, all the features that are distinguishing from the prototype of the method for producing a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material, both general and private, are aimed at obtaining a technical result, namely, ensuring the possibility of production on currently existing technological equipment.

The possibility of implementing a method of obtaining a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material is confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1

Tripoli from the Dabuzhskoye deposit in the Kaluga Region, the chemical composition of which is presented in Table 1, was taken as a silica-containing component.

Tripoli with a career humidity of 42% was processed on a stone-separating roll, loaded into a mixer, and granular alkali (NaOH) was added thereto based on its content in the raw material mixture calculated on a dry weight basis of 12% and soda (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) in the form of powder, calculated its content in the raw mix of 15%. The mixture was stirred in a mixer for 3 minutes. Due to the introduction of dry alkali and soda into the mixture, the moisture content of the raw material mixture decreased to 32.7%. Moreover, it had sufficient flowability and did not adhere to the mixer mechanisms. The pre-mixed raw material mixture was removed from the mixer and, in order to homogenize it, was processed in a screw press with a filter grate. When processing the mixture in a screw press, alkali and soda were almost completely dissolved in the water contained in tripoli, and the granules emerging from the press had good uniformity. The granules were fired at a temperature of 600 ° C, moistened to 5% and then ground to a main fraction of less than 0.1 mm in a ball mill. Shredded particles of silicate mass filled a rectangular metal mold with dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm and placed in a muffle furnace. The silicate mass was heated to 680 ° C for 8 hours, then the temperature in the furnace was kept at 680 ° C for 1 hour. Then, the heating element of the furnace was turned off and the material was allowed to naturally cool in a closed furnace to a temperature of 50 ° C for 10 hours, after which the intumescent sample was removed from the mold.

The cooled sample of the obtained building material with a size of 250 × 120 × 88 mm was removed from the mold and cut into several parts. The structure of the material is uniform, the porosity of the material is uniform, there are no voids and seals. Pore size up to 3 mm. Density 120 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity coefficient 0,055 W / m ° С, compressive strength 15 kgf / cm ² . The resulting lightweight ceramic building material relates to heat-insulating building materials. The material can be effectively used for thermal insulation of structures of buildings and structures, various industrial installations, equipment, refrigerators, pipelines and vehicles.

Example 2

The raw material mixture was prepared from the same components as in Example 1. Tripoli with a moisture content of 25% was processed on a stone drum, loaded into a mixer, and a 46% solution of alkali (NaOH) was added thereto based on its content in the raw mix in terms of dry mass of 10% and soda (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) in the form of a powder based on its content in the raw mix 12%. The mixture was stirred in a mixer for 3 minutes. Due to the introduction of a 46 percent solution of alkali and dry soda into the mixture, the moisture content of the raw material mixture was 27.4%. To ensure the formability of the raw material mixture in a screw press with a filter grate, water was added to the mixer based on the preparation of a mixture with a moisture content of 32%. In this case, the raw material mixture had sufficient flowability and did not stick to the mixer mechanisms. The pre-mixed raw material mixture was removed from the mixer and, in order to homogenize it, was processed in a screw press with a filter grate. When processing the mixture in a screw press, alkali and soda were almost completely dissolved in the water contained in tripoli, and the granules emerging from the press had good uniformity. The granules were fired at a temperature of 550 ° C, moistened to 7% and then crushed to a basic fraction of less than 0.1 mm in a core mixer. Shredded particles of silicate mass filled a rectangular metal mold with dimensions of 200 × 20 × 400 mm and placed in a muffle furnace. The silicate mass was heated to 740 ° C for 12 hours, then the temperature in the furnace was kept at 740 ° C for 3 hours. Then, the heating element of the furnace was turned off and the material was allowed to cool naturally for 12 hours in a closed furnace to a temperature of 50 ° C, after which the intumescent sample was removed from the mold.

The cooled sample of the obtained building material 200 × 200 × 400 mm in size was removed from the mold and cut into several parts. The structure of the material is uniform, the porosity of the material is uniform, there are no voids and seals. Pore size up to 2 mm. Density 280 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity coefficient 0,085 W / m ° С, compressive strength 34 kgf / cm ² . The resulting lightweight material relates to heat-insulating structural building materials. The material can be effectively used for thermal insulation of structures of buildings and structures, various industrial installations.

Example 3

The diatomite of the Potaninsky deposit, the chemical composition of which is presented in table 2, was taken as a silica-containing component.

Diatomite with a moisture content of 40% was treated on a stone-separating roll, loaded into a mixer, and granular alkali (NaOH) was added thereto based on its content in the raw material mixture calculated on a dry weight of 8% and soda (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) in the form of a powder based on its content in the raw mix 10%. The mixture was stirred in a mixer for 3 minutes. In this case, the raw material mixture had sufficient flowability and did not stick to the mixer mechanisms. The pre-mixed raw material mixture was removed from the mixer and, in order to homogenize it, was processed in a screw press with a filter grate. When processing the mixture in a screw press, alkali and soda were almost completely dissolved in the water contained in tripoli, and the granules emerging from the press had good uniformity. The granules were fired at a temperature of 500 ° C, moistened to 6% and then crushed to a basic fraction of less than 0.1 mm in a core mixer. Shredded particles of silicate mass filled a rectangular metal mold with dimensions 200 × 120 × 65 mm and placed in a muffle furnace. The silicate mass was heated to 760 ° C for 8 hours, then the temperature in the furnace was kept at 760 ° C for 1 hour. Then, the furnace heating element was turned off and the material was allowed to naturally cool in a closed furnace to a temperature of 50 ° C for 8 hours, after which the intumescent sample was removed from the mold.

A cooled sample of the obtained building material 200 × 125 × 65 mm in size (single brick format) was removed from the mold and cut into several parts. The structure of the material is uniform, the porosity of the material is uniform, there are no voids and seals. Pore size up to 2 mm. Density 405 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity coefficient 0,092 W / m ° С, compressive strength 56 kgf / cm ² . The resulting lightweight ceramic material relates to heat-insulating structural building materials. The material can be effectively used for thermal insulation of structures of buildings and structures, various industrial installations.

Example 4

As a silica-containing component, we took the trepokochno-reference rock of the Fokinsky deposit, the chemical composition of which is presented in Table 3.

The trembling-flake rock with a moisture content of 34% was processed on stone-separating rollers, loaded into a mixer, and granular alkali (NaOH) was added thereto based on its content in the raw material mixture in terms of dry weight 6% and soda (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) in the form of powder based on its content in the raw mix 12%. The mixture was stirred in a mixer for 3 minutes. In this case, the raw material mixture had sufficient flowability and did not stick to the mixer mechanisms. The pre-mixed raw material mixture was removed from the mixer and, in order to homogenize it, was processed in a screw press with a filter grate. When processing the mixture in a screw press, alkali and soda were almost completely dissolved in the water contained in tripoli, and the granules emerging from the press had good uniformity. The granules were fired at a temperature of 550 ° C, moistened to 5% and then crushed to a basic fraction of less than 0.1 mm in a core mixer. Shredded particles of silicate mass filled a rectangular metal mold with dimensions 200 × 120 × 88 mm and placed in a muffle furnace. The silicate mass was heated to 800 ° C for 7 hours, then the temperature in the furnace was kept at 800 ° C for 2 hours. Then, the heating element of the furnace was turned off and the material was allowed to naturally cool in a closed furnace to a temperature of 50 ° C for 10 hours, after which the intumescent sample was removed from the mold.

The cooled sample of the obtained building material with a size of 200 × 125 × 88 mm (thickened brick format) was removed from the mold and cut into several parts. The structure of the material is uniform, the porosity of the material is uniform, there are no voids and seals. Pore size up to 1 mm. Density 600 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity coefficient 0.138 W / m ° C, compressive strength 175 kgf / cm ² . The resulting material relates to heat-insulating structural building materials. The material can be effectively used for thermal insulation of structures of buildings and structures, various industrial installations.

The above-described examples of the method are not exhaustive and are given only for the purpose of explaining the invention and confirming its industrial applicability. Specialists in this field can improve it and / or implement alternative options within the essence of the present invention, reflected in the description and drawings.

An advantage of the invention is the possibility of manufacturing using the described method on the currently manufactured and actually operating technological equipment from available raw materials, a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material having a low density, low thermal conductivity and high compressive strength, as well as low cost.

Claims (3)

1. A method of obtaining a lightweight ceramic heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural building material, comprising mixing a silica-containing component and an alkaline component, homogenizing the raw material mixture, pre-firing the granular raw material mixture, grinding the fired granules and firing the milled powder in metal molds, characterized in that it is pre-processed silica-containing component on stone-separating rollers to remove impractical inclusions, as your silica-containing component uses diatomite or tripoli and / or flask containing active silica, and a mixture of caustic soda and soda ash in the ratio of 0.5-0.8 / 1 is used as the alkaline component, the silica-containing component and alkaline component are mixed to ensure the content mass fraction in a dry raw mix of caustic soda 6-12% and soda ash 8-15%, homogenization of the raw mix is carried out by processing in a screw press with a filter grate with a mesh size of 5-25 mm, preliminary The firing of the granular raw material mixture is carried out at a temperature of 500-600 ° C in a rotary kiln, the grinding of ground powder in metal forms is carried out in the furnace by raising the temperature to 680-800 ° C at a speed of 60-80 ° C / h, followed by isothermal exposure at maximum temperature for 1-3 hours, cooling from a maximum temperature to 600 ° C at a speed of 30-50 ° C / h and from 600 to 50 ° C at a speed of 50-60 ° C / h. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when mixing the silica-containing component and the alkaline component, caustic soda is introduced in the form of granules or a 46% solution, and soda ash in the form of a powder. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the grinding of the calcined granules is carried out in a rod mixer or in a ball mill, while the calcined granules are moistened to a moisture content of 5-7%.

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