RU2418403C1 - Combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. A combine harvester comprises a harvester, an inclined chamber, a device for previous threshing of grain, a threshing unit and a screen-air cleaning facility. The pre-threshing device is arranged in the form of two upper and two lower rolls installed in two layers. A screen and an auger for biologically valuable grain discharge are located under the lower rolls. Each roll has a rotation drive and is equipped with threshing-separating elements in the form of hollow sections. Sections are installed in pairs in the diametral plane of the roll by means of double-arm brackets. In both layers upper and lower rolls are kinematically connected by a synchronising gear. In initial position of rolls one of threshing-separating elements of the first pair lower roll approaches the axis of rotation of the upper roll as much as possible. The threshing-separating element of the upper roll of the second pair approaches the axis of rotation of the lower roll as much as possible. ^ EFFECT: combine provides for production of biologically valuable seed grain with reduction of its damage. ^ 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for harvesting cereal crops for seed purposes.

A threshing-separating device is known, including a drum equipped with pests on the head and a bar-and-deck deck located under it, in which at least one scouring on the head is equipped with an individual adjustment mechanism for its position and is installed at a greater distance from the axis of rotation of the drum compared to adjacent pests the mechanism of individual adjustment of the position of the scourge on the head is made in the form of a threaded sleeve with a flange, the latter being installed between the scourge and the head and the sleeve is fixed with a nut from the back side of the head girder (RU, patent No. 2191237. IPC ⁷ A01F 12/18, A01F 12/20, A01F 12/22. Threshing and separating device / O.A. Fedorova (RU). - Application No. 2000105020 / 13; Stated 02.29.2000; Publish. 04.20.2002).

In the described threshing-separating device, the threshing of grain occurs with a greater degree of probability on the first deck level than on the subsequent slats. The protruding scourge of a rotating drum is hit on the bread mass on the first bar and its grinding on the next. However, in the existing combines, along with the grain mass, biologically valuable, full-weighted grain selected by the working bodies of the reaper and an inclined chamber is fed. This grain on the first plank of the deck receives the most injury. In serial combines there is no means for separating injured grains from non-injured for seed.

It is known a threshing-separating device containing a pair of receiving rollers and two rows of faceted threshing rollers pairwise installed behind them, on the surface of which screw coils are placed, in which, in order to intensify the threshing and increase grain separation, segmented teeth are placed on the faces of the threshing rollers, which are installed perpendicular to their planes and at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the roller, and the teeth of adjacent faces are directed in opposite directions (SU, copyright certificate No. 1159508. M. class. ⁴ A01F 12/18. Threshing and separating device. / A.K. Kuzmenko (USSR) - Application No. 3635932/30; Announced 08/19/1983; Publish. 07/07/1985; Bull. No. 21 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1985. - No. 21).

The use of the described threshing and separating device as a feeder for the inclined chamber of a combine harvester leads to an excessive complexity of the design, and segmented teeth contact only with the upper layer of stems in the roll space.

A threshing-separating device is known, which includes two rows of shafts installed with the possibility of counter-rotation of the shafts with threshing working bodies made in the form of disks mounted on the shafts at an angle to their longitudinal axis, in which the drives of the upper tier shafts are installed to increase the productivity and threshing relative to the disks of the shafts of the lower tier with overlapping, and the extreme disks on each shaft are fixed perpendicular to the axis of the shaft and provided with protrusions located on the inside of these suits (SU, Inventor's Certificate №1132829. M. cl. ⁴ A01D 41/00. threshing apparatus. / Yu.M.Zalesky, V.A.Grozubinsky, V.D.Grishin, K.A.Sorokin, MN .Nagaev, M.G. Zalesky, AMMedvedev, Yu.M. Sokolov (USSR) .- Application No. 364004 / 30-15; Announced June 15, 1983; Publish. January 7, 1985, Bull. No. 1 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1985. - No. 1).

The disadvantages of the described threshing device include the low efficiency of the action of disks inclined at an angle to the axis of rotation.

A threshing-separating device is known, comprising two rows of tiered installed shafts with a common drive with threshing bodies mounted on them in the form of disks whose planes do not coincide with the plane of rotation of any of their points at which the disks are mounted with the possibility of oscillation to reduce grain injury in the direction of the shaft axes by means of an additional drive (SU, copyright certificate No. 1486091. M. class. ⁴ A01F 7/00, 12/18. Threshing device / MN Nagaev, V. M. Nagaev (USSR). - Application No. 4248656 / 30-15; Stated 04/13/1987; Publish. 06/15/1989, Bull. No. 22 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1989. - No. 22).

The disadvantages of the described threshing device include the low efficiency of threshing ears with discs and excessive design complexity.

Known for a breaker or intermediate beater of a threshing-separating device containing disks mounted on a shaft, between which blades are installed, in which, with the aim of intensifying the process of separating grain from a straw pile, the disks are located at an angle to the shaft axis (SU, copyright certificate No. 1158088. M. cl ⁴ A01F 12/18. Fender or intermediate beater of the threshing and separating device / V.M. Khalansky, Yu.N. Yarmashev, Yu.M. Gorbachev, A.P. Garbuzov (USSR) - Application No. 3408603 / 30- 15; Stated March 18, 1982; Publish. May 30, 1985, Bull. No. 20 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1985. - No. 20) .

The disadvantages of the described bumper beater include the low efficiency of the impact of the discs inclined to the axis of rotation on the layers of bread mass.

Known threshing apparatus, comprising a housing with two beater drums mounted on parallel shafts, and the beats of one drum enter the gap between the beats of the other when their rotation is coordinated, in which, in order to reduce the specific power for threshing and improve the quality of seeds, the drums are made of a set of discs on the surface of which there are wedge-shaped beats in the radial direction, one side face of which is fixed on the surface of the disk, the other makes an angle with it less than the friction of the plant object beat of material, and the base surface is formed by a logarithmic spiral; the ratio of the height of the wedge of the threshing plant and the average spike thickness is 1: 1, and the ratio of the distance between the disks of one shaft and the average spike thickness is 5: 1; on parallel shafts between the discs there are restrictive bushings with holders rigidly fixed to the shaft housing (SU, copyright certificate No. 715059. M. class ² A01F 7/02. Threshing apparatus / G.E. Listopad, V. K. Makarov (USSR ). - Application No. 2661407 / 30-15; Stated 09/12/1978; Publish. 02.15.1980, Bull. No. 6 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1980. - No. 6).

The disadvantages of the described threshing apparatus, despite the presence of drive disks and wedge-shaped beats, include a large number of injured grains due to the lack of manufacturability of the working bodies.

A known feeder is a thresher of a combine harvester, including a harvesting part with an exit window and a narrowing screw equipped with a finger mechanism equipped with turns in the opposite direction, the ends of which are located in front of the exit window, an intermediate beater and an inclined chamber with transporting elements, in which, in order to increase the throughput the ability of the thresher by improving the uniformity and uniformity of the structure of the mass flow, reducing the material consumption, the complexity of manufacturing and installation due to the unification of the harvesting parts, the width of the output window of the harvesting part is made smaller than the width of the housing of the inclined chamber, while the intermediate beater is installed in the narrowing zone; the intermediate beater is equipped with a cutting element; the intermediate beater is equipped with coils of narrowing type; the intermediate beater is equipped with a finger mechanism; the narrowing zone is made in the form of a spacer; the inclined chamber is equipped with a conveyor type conveyor; the transporting elements of the inclined chamber are made in the form of beaters and are equipped with additional dividing elements; the housing of the inclined chamber is made stepwise in width (SU, copyright certificate No. 1515409. M. cl. ⁴ A01F 12/10, A01D 41/12. Feeder thresher combine harvester. / A.I. Rusanov, Yu.N. Yarmashev, A. A. Lyakh, A. I. Gerasimenko, V. B. Sachko, V. I. Smirnov, G. M. Zhuravleva (USSR) - Application No. 4368339 / 30-15; Declared January 22, 1988; Publ. 1989, Bull No. 38).

The disadvantages of the described feeder thresher combine harvester include the low efficiency of the conveying elements of the inclined chamber.

The closest analogue to the declared object includes a combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve and a screw located under it, a threshing machine, a straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from a device for preliminary threshing and threshing apparatus, and a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber, in which the device for pre-threshing The core is made in the form of two upper and two lower rollers arranged in two tiers, the upper tier rollers being spring-loaded and equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the gaps between them and the lower tier rollers, which are mounted to rotate the upper tier rollers, while the screw is located under the pre-threshing screen grain (RU, patent No. 2202165. IPC ⁷ A01D 41/00, A01D 41/02, A01D 41/12, A01F 12/18. Combine harvester. / A.N. Tseplyaev, A.I. Ryadnov, O.A. Fedorova (RU). - Application No. 2000109659/13; Claimed 04/17/2000; Publ. 04/20/2003).

The disadvantages of the described funds include the fact that the described rolls of circular cross section do not have a separating ability. Of 30% of threshed grain by the working bodies of the header and the inclined chamber, no more than 2% is released. The remaining full grain goes to the thresher of the combine harvester and is subjected to significant injury and crushing.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to obtain biologically valuable, seed grain before threshing with a threshing machine of a combine harvester.

The technical result is a reduction in the number of injured grains in the grain stream with the largest mass of 1000 pieces for seed production purposes.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for preliminary threshing of grain in the form of two upper and two lower rollers arranged in two tiers with a sieve and auger for removing grain located under them, a receiving beater, a threshing machine , demolition beater, straw walker, wind cleaning, screws and elevators, hoppers for seed and marketable grain, stacker, chassis and engine, according to the invention, having each shaft during rotation equipped with threshing-separating elements in the form of hollow profiles, mounted in pairs in the diametrical plane of the drum by means of two-arm brackets, in both tiers the upper and lower rollers are kinematically connected by a synchronizing transmission so that in the initial position of the rollers one of the threshing-separating elements of the lower roller close to the rotation axis of the upper roller, and the threshing-separating element of the upper roller of the second pair is as close as possible to the rotation axis of the lower ltsa; The synchronizing transmission in the drive of the rollers of both tiers is made in the form of a tension roller, sprockets on the trunnion pins of the rollers, while the inner contour of the roller-roller chain is located on the lower sprockets of the lower tier of the rollers and the tension roller, and its outer contour is interfaced with the sprocket wheels of the upper tier.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinally vertical section of a header with an inclined chamber with a device for threshing and separation of biologically valuable grain for seed production purposes.

In Fig.2 - place a in Fig.1, a transverse vertical section of the threshing-separating device for preliminary threshing.

Figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2, a vertical section of the roller threshing-separating device with bearing bearings and sprockets on both shaft pins.

Figure 4 is a view In figure 3, the synchronizing transmission in the drives of the rollers of the threshing-separating device for pre-threshing grain.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

In a well-known combine harvester, including a header 1 with an intermediate beater 2, supporting skis 3 under the platform 4, a narrowing screw 5, having a finger mechanism, an endless rubberized conveyor 6, a cutting apparatus 7 and a reel 8, an inclined chamber 9, the device 10 for pre-threshing grain is made in the form of two upper rollers 11 and 12 and two lower rollers 13 and 14 arranged in two tiers. Under the rollers 13 and 14, a sieve 15 and an auger 16 for removing biologically valuable grain are located (FIG. 1).

In the threshing chamber of a well-known combine, a receiving beater, a threshing device, a jacking beater, a straw walker, wind-sieve cleaning, screws and elevators are mounted. Hoppers for seed and commercial grain and an engine are placed on the thresher body, and the undercarriage in the form of a front driving and rear steered axles is located under the thresher body. At the rear of the threshing case, a stacker is mounted. Due to the wide popularity of the described nodes, the latter are not shown in the drawings (Fig. 1).

Each roll having a drive of rotation 11 (12, 13, and 14), the rotation directions of which are shown by arrows in FIG. 2, is equipped with threshing-separating elements 17 in the form of hollow profiles. Cross sections of profiles - either a circle, or a square, or a hexagon, or any shape of a geometric body. The threshing-separating elements 17 in each roller 11 (12-14) are installed in pairs in a diametrical plane (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The drive shaft 18 of the rollers 11-14 is formed by the left and right pins 19 and 20 and the pipe section 21. The pins 19 and 20 with the pipe 21 are connected by welds. Each roller 11 (12-14) with pins 19 and 20 is mounted by means of disposable grease ball bearings in the housings 22. The latter are secured by fixing means on the side walls of the inclined chamber 9. On the pins 19 and 20, keyways are made to fix the hubs of the sprockets 23 and 24 in the desired position with wedge keys 25.

The threshing-separating elements 17 are installed in pairs in the diametrical plane 11-14 by means of two-arm brackets 26, fixed by middle sections with welds on the pipe 21 (FIGS. 2 and 3).

In both tiers, the upper rollers 11, 12 and the lower rollers 13, 14 are kinematically connected by a synchronizing gear (Fig. 4) so that in the initial position of the rollers 11 and 13, 12 and 14 one of the threshing-separating elements 17 of the lower roller 13 of the first pair as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 18 of the upper roller 11. The threshing-separating element 17 of the upper roller 12 of the second pair is as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 18 of the lower roller 14.

The synchronizing transmission (figure 4) in the drive rollers 11-14 of both tiers is made in the form of a tension roller 27, sprockets 24, 28, 29 and 30 on the pins 20 of the drive shafts 18 and the endless branch of the roller chain 31. The inner contour of the roller roller the chain is located on the lower sprockets 24 and 30 of the lower tier of the rollers 13 and 14 and the tension roller 27. The outer contour of the sleeve-roller chain is mated with sprockets 28 and 29 on the pins 20 of the drive shafts 18 of the upper tier of the shafts 11 and 12 (Fig. 4).

An asterisk 23 on the right side wall of the inclined chamber 9 is kinematically connected with an asterisk 32 located next to the pulley 33 of the upper drive shaft 34 of the inclined chamber 9 (Fig. 1).

The ends of the hollow threshing-transporting elements 17 are closed with plugs 35 (Fig.3), preventing the ingress of moisture and litter in their cavity.

Combine harvester operates as follows.

With direct combining with tines and reel strips 8, a portion of the stalks of grain ears is separated and fed to the cutting apparatus 7. With the cutting apparatus 7, the stems are cut at the cutting height set by the hydroficated supporting skis 3. The cut stems are laid on the conveyor belt 6 and partially on the turns of the narrowing screw 5. With a screw 5, the stems are shifted to the middle of the platform 4 and are fed under the intermediate beater 2 by the finger mechanism of the screw 5. The stalks of the bread mass are sent to the cavity of the inclined chamber 9. The intermediate beater 2 stalks are spike forward served in the first pair of rollers 11 and 13 (see figure 1). Due to the different directions of rotation of the rollers 11 and 13, the flow of the layer of bread mass thresher-separating elements 17 is dragged into the inter-roll space (see figure 2). Each threshing-separating element 17, sliding along the upper and lower layers of the stems, a roll with free grain and unfrozen ears is repeatedly raised and lowered above the bottom of the inclined chamber 9. Each element 17 produces a vibration-shock effect on the stems and ears of grain crops. Due to the repeated action of the elements 17 in the rotating rollers 11 and 13, free, undamaged grain is separated through the lattice of the stem mass and enters the sieve 15, falling through it, enters the trough of the screw 16.

At the exit from the first pair of rollers 11, 13 of the device 10 for preliminary threshing of biologically valuable grain, the stem mass is directed to the rollers 12 and 14 of the second pair. Intensive separation of the stem flow in pairs with threshing-separating elements 17 on rollers 12 and 14, which have a large amplitude of vertical movements, leads to the release of 40 ... 45% of biologically valuable grain with the largest mass of 1000 seeds, which are the basis of the seed.

The biologically valuable grain obtained by the above described method with the screw 16 is fed to a separate hopper.

The pre-threshed heap with device 10 is fed to the thresher of a combine harvester. Beating threshing apparatus is domolot commodity grain. After grain cleaning by wind-screening, it is sent by augers and elevators to the commercial grain silo.

Thus, the described set of essential distinguishing features ensure the achievement of the above technical result.

Claims (2)

1. Combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain in the form of two upper and two lower rollers arranged in two tiers with a sieve and an auger for removing grain located under them, a pick-up beater, a threshing machine, a breaker beater, a straw walker, a wind-mill cleaning, screws and elevators, hoppers for seed and marketable grain, stacker, chassis and engine, characterized in that each roll having a rotary drive is equipped with threshing and separating elements in the form of hollow silt, installed in pairs in the diametrical plane of the roller by means of two-arm brackets, in both tiers the upper and lower rollers are kinematically connected by a synchronizing transmission in such a way that in the initial position of the rollers one of the threshing-separating elements of the lower roller of the first pair is as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the upper roller, and the threshing-separating element of the upper roller of the second pair is as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the lower roller. 2. The combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the synchronizing transmission in the drive of the rollers of both tiers is made in the form of a tension roller, sprockets on the trunnion trunnions and an endless branch of the roller chain, while the inner contour of the roller chain is located on the lower sprockets rollers of the lower tier and the tension roller, and its outer contour is paired with driven sprockets of the rollers of the upper tier.

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