RU2413551C2 - Device for influence on bioobject - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical equipment and can be used for sterilisation of surfaces of bioobjects and liquid substrates, as well as for inhibition of rate of growth of experimental Plisse lymphosarcoma in vivo. Device contains generator of high-voltage electric pulses with regulated frequency of pulse repetition rate, and connected with it electric discharge emitter with open discharge interval in air at atmospheric pressure, with grounded and potential electrodes, the latter of which is made of sharpened form and is placed in dielectric case. Grounded electrode is made in form of lodgement for placing bioobject, and potential electrode is installed with possibility to change distance between it and grounded electrode. As generator of high-voltage pulses, used is generator of pulses of nano-second range of duration, whose outlet voltage constitutes 28 kV.

EFFECT: application of invention makes it possible to increase influence efficiency and convenience in exploitation.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, medicine, in particular to devices for influencing biological objects, and is intended for bactericidal, fungicidal treatment of surfaces of objects and liquid substrates, their sterilization.

Also, the device can be used to suppress the growth rate of experimental Pliss lymphosarcoma in vivo.

A device is known for influencing a biological object (Pat. 2067872 Russia, IPC6 A61L 2/10. Device for disinfecting objects / VV Siluyanov, VV Sinaisky, V. M. Romanov, L. M. Zhenevskaya, V. A .Scar - No. 93017928/13; Announcement 04/06/93; Publ. 10/20/96), which is a disinfection device with a varying angle of radiation exposure on the objects treated with dischargers, which are used pulsed bactericidal lamps equipped with reflectors and combined into groups triggered by a high voltage pulse generator. The design of the device provides the greatest access to bactericidal radiation to the object under treatment at different angles of radiation exposure on them.

The disadvantages of the device are:

- limitation of the impact zone by the closed chamber volume, the need for additional operations: loading and unloading the tool, leading to an increase in processing time;

- limitation of scope (narrow purpose);

- the use of a large number of pulsed bactericidal lamps, requiring a complex system of their ignition and control the angle of radiation exposure on the processing object;

- low cost device.

A device for influencing a biological object (Pat. 2008042 Russia, IPC ⁵ A61N 5/06. A method of treating wounds and a device for its implementation / A.S. Kamrukov, E.D. Korop, E.V. Kuznetsov, I.I. Telenkov, E.Yu. Ushmarov, V.N. Fedorov, S.G. Shashkovsky, M.S. Yalovik.- No. 5046709/14; Declared March 27, 1992; Publ. February 28, 94) used to treat purulent wounds and surfaces with high bacterial contamination. The device includes a pulsed high-voltage power source and a spark gap - a discharge lamp of pulsed ultraviolet radiation with a pulse duration of not more than 2 · 10 ^-3 s, a power density in the processing zone of at least 10 kW / m ² and a total energy dose of at least 102 J / m ² .

The disadvantages are:

- uneven effect on the treated surface of the generated radiation due to the linear structure of the "luminous body" of the discharge lamp;

- the complexity of the design of the emitting device associated with the presence of special pulsed discharge lamps, a reflector and a filter;

- limitation of the functionality of the device.

A device is known (Pat. 2017506 Russia, A61N 1/32, 1/44, 5/06, A61N 39/00. Device for influencing a biological object / V.I. Lunev, T.V. Luneva, V.A. Sadovnikov. - No. 4902796/14; Declared 10.10.90; Publ. 15.08.94). This physiotherapeutic device for influencing a biological object includes a pulsed high-voltage power source - a step-up transformer and a spark gap connected to it with passive and active electrodes that form a discharge gap, in which high-voltage pulse currents are converted into an electric discharge - corona, which simultaneously produces light, electrical and aeroionic effects. The device provides a directed effect on biological objects with an electric current of up to 0.2 mA at a voltage of ~ 20 kV, a luminous flux with a power of (0.2-4) W and ionized gas. The frequency of the impact pulses is (20-100) Hz.

The disadvantage of this device is the limitation of the functionality of the device, low intensity of the generated radiation, high energy consumption and inconvenience in operation.

A device for influencing a biological object is known according to the application No. 2007113543 (published in BI No. 30, 10.27.2008), selected as a prototype for the greatest number of similar features and the problem to be solved. The device contains a power supply unit, including a generator of high voltage pulses of a microsecond range of duration with single and frequency modes of operation and a set of replaceable electric-discharge emitters based on a point spark and sliding discharge with an open discharge gap in air at atmospheric pressure. The device provides directed exposure to physical factors: incoherent light radiation (including the UV part of the spectrum) and acoustic pulses accompanying a pulsed open electric discharge in air. The spark-based emitter is made in the form of coaxially arranged electrodes (potential and grounded) with the possibility of their movement along the axis and located in a dielectric casing. A spot spark emitter is made in the form of two pointed electrodes located in a dielectric housing with a point-to-point configuration. The emitter based on a sliding discharge is made in the form of electrodes located on opposite sides on a dielectric base.

The disadvantage of this device is the limitation of functionality associated with:

- with the exception of the direct impact of current pulses on a biological object;

- with the inability to ensure the simultaneous effects of electric discharge factors on the surface of an arbitrary configuration;

- with a small depth of penetration of influencing factors into the irradiated object.

The challenge facing the art is:

- creation of a versatile device convenient to use that generates single and multichannel high-current spark (SIER) or corona (NSCR) electrical discharges of the nanosecond duration range for:

- conducting biomedical experiments (in particular, for the treatment of skin diseases of humans and animals, internal diseases of various genesis, suppression of the growth rate of experimental Plis lymphosarcoma);

- bactericidal surface treatment;

- fungicidal surface treatment;

- sterilization (for example, a medical instrument);

- increasing the effectiveness of the impact due to both separate and combined (synergism) effects of factors accompanying open SIRS and NSCR: incoherent light radiation (NSI) of the visible and UV wavelength range; chemically active particles (free radicals, reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide) produced under the influence of hard UV radiation and high-energy electrons; acoustic impulses;

- improving the quality of exposure to NSI and UV radiation, high-energy electrons, depending on the tasks to be solved, both by forming a wide angle of radiation exposure and by localizing it on a limited area of the treated surface by adjusting the number of discharge channels in parallel, creating a radiation field of a given configuration, and delivering radiation in hidden cavities;

- reducing the duration of exposure during fungicidal and bactericidal treatment of objects.

The technical result of the claimed device is versatility, the effectiveness of the impact on the biological object, ease of use.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a device for influencing a biological object containing a high-voltage electric pulse generator with an adjustable pulse repetition rate and an electric-discharge emitter connected to it with an open discharge gap in air at atmospheric pressure, with a grounded and potential electrodes, the last of which is made of a pointed shape and placed in a dielectric housing, it is new that the grounded electrode is made in the form of a lodgement for placement of the biological object, and the potential electrode is installed with the possibility of changing the distance between it and the grounded electrode, and a nanosecond pulse generator of pulses with an output voltage of at least 28 kV was used as a generator of high-voltage pulses.

The electric discharge emitter may additionally contain at least one more pointed insulated potential electrode, while the potential electrodes are connected to the generator output in parallel with insulated conductors, the lengths of which are selected from the condition.

In direct discharges on the surface of the irradiated biological object, in addition to the effects of factors generated in open space (light, acoustics, chemically active particles), the object is affected by pulsed electric currents, the magnitude of which depends on the type of discharges generated (several tens of amperes for NSCR and thousands of amperes for SIER ), this is an indicator of the effectiveness of the claimed device.

The transition of a nanosecond pulsed discharge from a spark form to a corona discharge and vice versa is carried out by adjusting the interelectrode distance between one or more potential electrodes and a grounded metal electrode (bioobject). With an output voltage of the generator equal to 70 kV and a pulse duration of 60, unstable formation of the NSCR occurs at an interelectrode distance starting from 55 mm and above, at smaller distances the shape of the electric discharge is predominantly spark. Thus, by adjusting the interelectrode space, two different radiation modes can be implemented: NSCR or SIER, which is convenient in operation since it does not require a change in the emitter.

The electrical length of the conductors when using several potential electrodes is selected from the condition of ensuring parallel breakdown of spark gaps when connected to a single source of pulse voltage. In this case, the doubled value of the electric length of each conductor should be no less than the maximum value of the spreading time of breakdown of spark gaps under the influence of the output voltage of the generator.

Depending on the tasks to be solved, potential electrodes can be dispersed in space over the surface of a given configuration by choosing a certain distance between them, while simultaneously irradiating it with factors of synchronously developing discharges.

The possibility of forming in the space between the potential and the grounded electrode multi-channel SIER allows you to adjust the intensity of the generated light and UV radiation, the rate of production of chemically active particles. The possibility of forming in the space between potential electrodes and a grounded bioobject single-channel and multi-channel SIR and NSCR allows you to adjust the exposure area and its configuration, localizing it in single-channel discharges and expanding in multi-channel discharges. The possibility of local exposure with an adjustable area of the light spot, or the area of the inflowing current on the treated surface leads to increased efficiency and ease of use, as well as increased safety by reducing the risk of exposure to healthy tissues.

Convenience and simplicity during the operation of the device are provided by a power supply integrated into the generator, a programmer and a timer that sets the pulse repetition rate and exposure duration, which are set in advance, controlled and displayed in a convenient (digital) form by the number of output pulses.

Under the influence of UV radiation accompanying open SIER and NSCR in a gas (air) medium, along with direct photodissociation, chemically active particles (О, O ₃ , ОН _- , Н ₂ О ₂ , etc.) are formed, which interact with the molecules of the substance environment by oxidizing them.

Open SIER implemented in the air are accompanied by the formation of shock waves (shock waves) and acoustic pulses. When the acoustic emitter is brought to the skin, non-contact vibromassage action is generated in it and adjacent tissues, which excites mechanoreceptors of the outer surface of the skin, the amplitude of which depends on the distance between the discharge channel and the biological object.

The combined effect of physicochemical factors can mutually reinforce each other, as a result of a complex effect, the overall efficiency increases.

During the generation of high pulsed voltages of nanosecond durations in the interelectrode gap with a sharply inhomogeneous electric field, due to its high tension, a strongly nonequilibrium plasma is formed in which the vast majority of the energy received from the source is used to increase the temperature of the electrons or their energy.

In the case of NSCR, corona currents reach tens of amperes. The electron energy in NSCR is sufficient for penetration in liquid media to a depth of 10 cm.

Electrons with the necessary energy, in turn, are the main participants in plasma-chemical reactions in which the vast majority of the energy introduced into the gas goes to the formation of active particles O, O ₃ , OH _- , H ₂ O ₂ , etc. Reactive particles, interacting, in turn, with the molecules of the environment, oxidize and oxidize them with the formation of inactive compounds. It was found that the yield of active particles is in the same order as in the known improved oxidative technologies, such as radiation-chemical reactions and H ₂ O ₂ / UV processes. An electric discharge above the surface of a liquid medium initiates chemical reactions in the medium itself.

For UV radiation arising from NSCR, photoionization can be considered as a specific molecular-quantum process, i.e. knocking out an electron from an excited molecule and its capture by environmental molecules. Weak UV radiation and ozone have a powerful bactericidal effect.

Active forms of oxygen first appear in the chain of reactions of cellular metabolism and are involved in free-radical processes of the body and cell. The formation of active forms of oxygen, ozone, UV radiation during the generation of NSCR can be used to stimulate a cascade of free radical reactions in tumor cells that cause damage to the membranes, cell apparatus, destabilization and destruction of the tumor (loosening, inflammation in the tumor tissue, necrosis) and, ultimately, inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of tumor carrier life.

In particular, electrical factors with sufficient electric field strengths specifically affect the electroactive components of cells and intercellular fluids, causing both the movement of free ions and the release of ions associated with various elements of cells and tissues. Exposure to electric vibrations is accompanied by the orientation effect of free cells and intracellular formations along the lines of force, which depends on the frequency of the electric field. The effects are specific to different frequency ranges.

Scientists from Norfolk Karl Schoenbach and Stephen Beebe observed the effects of ultrashort (lasting nanosecond) electrical pulses that created a field with a potential of millions of volts. Such electrical discharges can completely destroy the bacteria in the water, thereby ensuring complete sterility. The discharge in the liquid led to strong heating, which destroyed microbes. It was also found that nanosecond pulses led to delayed cell death, triggering a mechanism that scientists have defined as "cell suicide." If the experimental conditions are changed for the same cells and the pulse duration is increased, this will lead to rupture of the cell membrane and release of toxic substances - a process that appears at the level of individual tissues as inflammation and pain.

The difference in the course of these two processes gave rise to a hope among scientists that an electric discharge can destroy cancer cells, while leaving healthy body cells unchanged. There are already encouraging results - in experiments on mice, a 50% reduction in cancerous tumors was observed. The mechanism leading to suicide is still unclear. There is an assumption that the impulse reverses the direction of dipole molecules in cell membranes, and this is a signal for cell death. The new technique may have other medical applications - for example, the destruction of fat cells or atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels (Source: based on materials from the journal Nature).

Electric corona discharge, as well as directly pulsed current, irritate the receptors of the skin and mucous membrane, exerting a reflex effect on various systems of the body, primarily on the autonomic nervous system.

The high radiation intensity of the inventive source for processing a medical instrument, sterilization of biological objects, etc., can reduce the processing time by a factor of ten.

The inventive device in the SIER mode generates high-intensity light radiation in a wide spectral range, including the range of photoabsorption of DNA of bacteria and viruses.

In the NSCR generation mode, the parameters of the acting current pulse flowing through the studied biological object have the following values: pulse duration 60 ns, rise time less than 10 ns, maximum corona current 80 A.

The inventive device is intended to act on biological objects: pulsed light (including UV) and acoustic radiation, chemically active particles arising from the SIER in the air between the potential and the grounded electrode (object of exposure); high-energy electrons (3-7 eV), pulsed currents flowing through a biological object, and active particles that occur during NSCR. The device can also be used as a means of exposure for surface treatment, disinfection and sterilization and in in vivo biological experiments to suppress the growth rate of transplanted Pliss lymphosarcoma, the treatment of skin and internal diseases of various origins.

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of a device for influencing a biological object, figure 2 shows a radiator with several potential electrodes, where: 1 - rectifier-charging device (VZU); 2 - timer; 3 - programmer; 4 - launcher; 5 - pulse voltage generator (GIN); 6 - potential electrode; 7 - grounded electrode; 8 - bioobject; 9 - coaxial cable connecting the emitter to the output of the generator; 10 - conductors of electrical isolation of electrodes; 11 - dielectric housing (holder); 12 - a restrictive ring; 13 - potential electrodes.

The impact device (Fig. 1) includes a high-voltage electric pulse generator made according to the scheme of a two-stage pulse voltage generator (GIN) of 5 nanosecond durations with an output voltage of up to 56 kV, a “shock” capacity of 3.3 nF and built-in gas-filled switches. The impact device also includes a rectifier-charging device (VZU) 1, a starting device for a switch (arrester) 4, while the output voltage of the VZU is ~ 28 kV, and the maximum stored energy is ~ 5 J. The generator allows you to generate single output high-voltage voltage pulses, and the following with an adjustable frequency from 0.1 to 20 Hz with a pulse duration of 60 ns and a rise time of less than 10 ns. The maximum corona current in the form of high-intensity streamers was 80 A. The generator is equipped with a timer 2 and a programmer 3, which allows you to synchronize the operation of the OVC and the generator start-up device in the mode of single and frequency pulse generation, set the exposure duration in advance, control and display the number of output pulses.

The emitter 6 is a potential pointed electrodes 13 located in a dielectric housing (holder) 11 and protruding from it, connected by electrical isolation conductors 10, the role of which are parasitic inductances of linear conductors mutually insulated for high voltage, from a residential high-voltage cable 9. To protect personnel from exposure to high voltage serves as a barrier restrictive ring 12.

If there are several metal pointed rods 13, they are screwed from the end side into the dielectric holder 11. Each rod is connected to the core of the high-voltage cable 9 by a separate high-voltage insulated conductor 10. The length of the conductors connecting the output of the high-voltage nanosecond generator with autonomous discharge gaps is selected from the condition that the doubled value of the propagation time of the electromagnetic wave in the conductors of the spread time of the breakdown of the discharge gaps m ogoelektrodnoy system. If necessary, the holder can be mounted on a tripod (not shown in figure 2).

In particular, contacts of 2PM connectors were used as electrodes. The electrodes are extended by conductors of the type MGTF-0.35, performing the role of electrical isolation, with additional insulation from polyvinyl chloride tubes. The ends of the conductors are interconnected and a cable 9 connected to the output of the generator.

The lengths of the conductors of the multichannel system of potential electrodes mutually isolated from each other under the considered conditions did not exceed 30 cm.

The relative position of potential electrodes is determined by the specific conditions of their use.

The operation of the device is as follows. Electrical pulses from the output of the generator 5 are supplied via cable 9 to the emitting device 6. The emitter 6 provides an electric current flowing in the direction of the grounded electrode 7, on which the object of influence 8 (biological object) is preliminarily placed. The intensity, duration and type (SIER or NSCR) of the impact are determined individually depending on the purpose of the treatment. The intensity, duration and frequency of the pulse generation are set by the "level" regulator and the "Time", "Frequency" mode switches installed on the front panel of the device.

To increase the area of the surface to be treated or the volume of the medium to be treated, a multi-channel SIER or NSCR system is used (with several electrodes) 13. To localize the effect of discharges on the grounded electrode 7 (bioobject 8), one potential pointed electrode is used.

The experimental data obtained by testing the inventive device by exposure to SIER and NSCR to suppress the growth rate of experimental Pliss lymphosarcoma in vivo showed that tumor growth, after exposure to pulsed discharges, was 2.5-4.5 cm ³ for SIER and 4.5 -5.5 cm ³ for NSCR versus 11.0 cm ³ for the control group of laboratory animals.

Exposure to a high-current spark discharge - 9600 pulses and a single corona discharge - 20 pulses significantly reduces the level of cachexia (depletion) by maintaining the concentration of glucose and lipids in the blood. The glucose level is approaching normal. In an organism with a tumor without exposure, the glucose level is reduced by 2 times. Preservation of the nutrient substrate in the body after exposure to neoplasia is also explained by inhibition of tumor growth.

After exposure to the NSCR on a suspension of tumor cells, which were then transplanted into animals, it was shown that the life expectancy of animals increased by 1.5 times (in comparison with transplanted tumor cells without exposure).

Morphophysiological analysis showed that the effect of a high-current spark discharge and NSCR on the area of the tumor node causes a change in the structural organization of tumor cells and intracellular structures, activates destructive necrotic and apoptotic processes in Pliss lymphosarcoma cells.

Claims (2)

1. A device for influencing a biological object containing a high-voltage electric pulse generator with an adjustable pulse repetition rate and an electric-discharge emitter connected to it with an open discharge gap in air at atmospheric pressure, with a grounded and potential electrodes, the last of which is made in a pointed shape and placed in a dielectric case, characterized in that the grounded electrode is made in the form of a lodgement for placing a biological object, and a potential electrode is installed with possible the difference in the distance between it and the grounded electrode, and a nanosecond pulse generator of pulses with an output voltage of 28 kV was used as a generator of high-voltage pulses. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric-discharge emitter further comprises at least one more pointed insulated potential electrode, while the potential electrodes are connected to the output of the generator in parallel by insulated conductors.

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