RU2409220C2 - Green fodder preservation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used in fodder production. The method for preservation of cereal crop green fodder includes original raw material milling, adding a chemical preservative to it, compression, hermetisation and storage. The original raw material used is green material of the fescue (fescue genus) grain crop. The chemical preservative is represented by granulated elementary sulphur, the expenditure rate being 1.5 g, and a mixture of pumpkin and holy thistle cake in a weight ratio of 4:1, the expenditure rate being 3 g per 1 kg of green mass.

EFFECT: method enables preservation of a green mass produced of non-traditional raw material which is fescue grass crop, reduction of expenses on chemical preservative, silage quality characteristics improvement and preservatives range extension.

2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in feed production.

Conservation of green feed is widely used in feed production [1, 2]. Silo in animal diets is up to 50% in nutrition. However, with the silage of green fodder, the loss of nutrients reaches 25-30%.

Chemical preservatives are used to reduce losses. Feeding the silo with chemical preservatives is carried out after 1.5-2 months after laying for storage [2].

The green mass of various plants, including cereals - corn, winter wheat, rye and other traditional plants is subjected to silage.

Various preservatives are used - inorganic acids, their mixtures and salts, organic acids and salts, industrial and agricultural wastes.

Selling chemical preservatives are expensive and inaccessible; preservatives based on local raw materials and industrial wastes are of interest.

A method for preserving green feed of traditional cereal crops using granular elemental sulfur with a flow rate of 1.8-2.5 g per 1 kg of green mass of winter rye is described [3].

Granular elemental sulfur - waste products from petroleum products from desulphurization plants of local production (TU 2112-061-10514645-02) - contains at least 99.5% sulfur, mineral acids in terms of sulfuric acid 0.0015%, organic acids 0.01% , with a bulk density of 1.35 g / cm ³ .

The closest in technical essence is the method of preserving the green mass of winter wheat using granular sulfur with a flow rate of 1.8-2.2 g and feed methionine 0.4-0.6 g per 1 kg of feedstock [3]. Received high-quality silo with quality indicators for the content of crude protein, fat and ash.

The disadvantages of the method: high costs for the acquisition of methionine and preservative in general, an insufficient range of quality indicators of silo.

The technical result is a reduction in the cost of a chemical preservative, an improvement in the quality of silage, the use of unconventional raw materials, and the expansion of the range of preservatives. This is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method, the green mass of unconventional cereal crops - fescue, genus (Festuca) fescue is subjected to canning using sulfur granulated elemental and a mixture of pumpkin and milk thistle meal in a mass ratio of 4: 1 with a consumption of 1.5 g, respectively and 3 g per 1 kg of feedstock.

The ratio of cakes 4: 1 is due to the resources of pumpkin and milk thistle cakes.

The composition of the cake is presented in table 1.

Table 1 Type of cake Content total moisture% crude protein,% crude fat,% crude fiber,% crude ash,% calcium,% phosphorus,% Pumpkin 7.0 35.90 12.60 14.50 6.30 0.24 0.48 Milk thistle 5.5 15.50 8.30 27.0 6.0 0.90 0.25

Elemental granular sulfur is used in accordance with the requirements of TU 2121-061-10514645-02.

The products of sulfur transformation formed during fermentation under the action of enzymes - sulfides, sulfites, sulfates, as well as mineral elements of sulfur and oilcake possess bactericidal, fungicidal properties, inhibit the development of harmful microflora, without interfering with lactic acid fermentation. The addition of oilcake enriches silage with proteins, fat and other nutrients.

Example. In laboratory conditions, the crushed green mass of meadow fescue with a moisture content of 82.3% was loaded into a sealed container and a preservative was introduced layerwise at the rate of 1.5 g of granular elemental sulfur (after grinding to particles no more than 1 mm in size) and a pre-prepared mixture of pumpkin and milk thistle meal in a mass ratio of 4: 1 at the rate of 3 g per 1 kg of feedstock, compacted, sealed and stored at room temperature for 50 days. In parallel, the green mass was silted without preservatives. After that, the container was opened and the resulting silage was evaluated. The results of the zootechnical analysis of the silo are presented in table 2.

table 2 Type of silo Content, calculated on the dry matter crude protein,% crude fat,% crude fiber,% crude ash,% carotene, mg / kg calcium,% phosphorus,% Silage of fescue with sulfur and cake 8.95 5.50 35.80 15,80 45.8 1,60 3.10 Fescue silage without preservatives 6.60 5.00 30.8 14.60 32,4 1.20 2.60

As can be seen from the data of table 2, the proposed method allows you to use the green mass of unconventional fescue culture when canning, reduce the cost of chemical preservative, improve the quality of silage, expand the range of preservatives.

Information sources

1. Taranov M.T. Chemical conservation of feed, M .: Kolos, 1964, p. 79.

2. Mikhalev S.S. Technology for the production of feed, M .: Kolos, 1998, 432 p.

3. Pat. RF №2328139, 2007, MKI A23K 3/02.

Claims (1)

A method of preserving green forages of cereal crops, including grinding the feedstock, adding a chemical preservative to it, compacting, sealing and storing, characterized in that the green mass of cereal fescue, fescue, is used as the feedstock, granular elemental sulfur is used as a chemical preservative with consumption 1.5 g and a mixture of pumpkin and milk thistle meal in a mass ratio of 4: 1 with a consumption of 3 g per 1 kg of green mass.