RU2406161C1 - Method of transmitting information over braille system and device for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: elements of an Braille information matrix are coded by cluster combinations based on the principle of fractal affine self-similarity of the binary number system. Information matrices of tactile elements are grouped into self-similarity clusters based on the principle of fractal affine self-similarity of the binary number system.

EFFECT: high volume of transmitting and receiving information, simple procedure of tactile transmission and reception of information.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to information technology and can be used for tactile transmission and reception of information encoded by the Braille system in computers, mobile phones, electronic notebooks, recording devices and control systems.

The aim of the invention is to increase the functionality and efficiency by increasing the amount of transmission and reception of information while reducing the number of tactile elements and, therefore, reducing the number of tactile movements and simplifying the tactile transmission and reception of information. This allows expanding the possibilities of training people with visual impairments to transmit and receive coded information via the Braille system and to create inexpensive multifunction devices for tactile transmission and reception of information (for example, devices combining keyboard and mouse functions in computer technology, information devices - “handhelds”, “ mobile phones ”, etc.).

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the elements of the Braille information matrix are encoded by combinations (clusters) based on the principle of fractal affine self-similarity of the binary number system. This approach allows you to group symbols of transmitted and received information (letters, punctuation, numbers and mathematical symbols) into fractal clusters similar to each other, which significantly reduces the number of tactile elements used in the transmission and reception of information and increases the associative perception of information.

The method is implemented using devices containing informational matrices of tactile elements, which are grouped into self-similar clusters according to the principle of fractal affine self-similarity of the binary number system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to information technology and can be used for tactile transmission and reception of information encoded by the Braille system in computers, mobile phones, electronic notebooks, recording devices and control systems.

It is known that one of the important components of information technology are the methods of transmission and reception and, corresponding to them, technical devices for input and output of information.

For people with visual impairments, the main way to transmit and receive information is tactile coding of alphanumeric information using the Braille system. A number of technical solutions are known, protected by patents and defining methods and devices for Braille tactile transmission and reception of information. The proposed technical solutions are aimed at increasing the efficiency of tactile transmission and reception of encoded information and reducing the cost of devices that provide transmission and reception of tactile information.

A known method of receiving information through an electromechanical Braille element, having a reading surface containing a group of holes in which pins are located, raised above the reading surface so that they can be groped with your fingers and represent some Braille characters. Raised pins are vibrated in the corresponding holes relative to the reading surface, which can be perceived by the fingers and provides additional information to the information provided only to the raised positions of the pins relative to the reading surface [1].

There is also a known method and device for transmitting and receiving information via the Braille system, including a keyboard and an information matrix with six cells, in which thermal information elements are installed that reproduce Braille badges read by tactile deaf and dumb people [2].

There is also known a method that produces sound design of the Braille code with signals such as Morse code [3], which provides a sound associative perception of information.

The listed technical solutions provide additional information (in the form of impact or vibration, or heat, or sound) during tactile reading of Braille information matrices. However, these methods and devices have several disadvantages, namely:

- requires the use of expensive additional devices for input and output of encoded information;

- there is a different type of tactile perception when entering and reading information;

- reading information from small-sized braille matrices (icons) presents significant difficulties for people, since in most cases vision restrictions are accompanied by neurological diseases;

- Requires deep tactile skills in transmitting and receiving information through the Braille system.

A well-known system of element-wise input and output of Braille characters for computers, containing a standard manual manipulator (mouse) and a display field for input characters on the display. Entering characters is accompanied by sound design, allowing for the correction of incorrectly typed information [4].

In this technical solution there are no expensive additional devices, but there is an extremely low speed of input and reading information.

The closest analogues in terms of the method to the claimed technical solution are methods of transmitting and receiving information based on the principle of a binary (binary) number system, in particular, the Bodo telegraph code (used to transmit 56 characters with a 5-digit binary code), or the Trisime code using additional code combination (register) preceding the binary sign combination.

The main disadvantage of binary codes is the rapid increase in the number of bits with an increase in the number of information elements (characters). This greatly complicates the transmission and reception of information.

The effectiveness of the transmission and reception of tactile information can be improved if you use the wonderful property of a two-digit number system - affine fractal self-similarity and the ability to combine elements of the information array into self-similar information clusters.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the amount of transmission and reception of information, simplifying the procedure for tactile transmission and reception of information.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a method for tactile transmission and reception of information via the Braille system, in which language symbols, punctuation marks, numbers and mathematical symbols are encoded with combinations of six or eight tactile elements that form a rectangular Braille information matrix, according to the invention, information encoding they are produced according to the principle of fractal affine self-similarity of the binary number system, and tactile elements are arranged in lowercase - in-line form.

The numbering of elements of a rectangular Braille information matrix corresponds to the numbering of bits in a binary number system.

The encoded information is grouped into self-similar fractal clusters, the form and number of which are designed and determined by a combination of the numbers of binary digits of the binary number system.

In a device for tactile transmission and reception of information via a Braille system containing tactile elements in the form of a six-key or eight-key keyboard for transmission and rectangular Braille information matrices for receiving information, according to the invention, tactile transmission and reception elements are combined according to the principle of fractal affine self-similarity of the binary number system and are located in lowercase row form.

Four tactile elements are used to form information clusters, and a fifth tactile element is used to assign a register number to the formed clusters.

The same tactile elements are used both for transmitting and for receiving information.

The proposed method and device are illustrated by the schemes shown in figures 1-4.

Figure 1 presents an example of an algorithm for translating a Braille font having a matrix form into a binary coding system having a lower case (inline) form. To represent a Braille font in a binary number system, it is necessary to arrange the elements of the Braille information matrix in the order of the digits of the binary number system, and the serial number of the matrix element must correspond to the serial number of the discharge.

Figure 2 presents the information array (the Russian alphabet and punctuation marks), encoded in Braille and presented in a binary number system. In the first table, the encoded characters are arranged in alphabetical order, in the second table, the encoded characters are arranged in ascending order of numbers in the binary number system. The second table shows that according to the Braille system (in the traditional six-element matrix representation), 2 ⁶ -1 = 63 characters can be encoded. Also, the second table in figure 2 demonstrates the internal regularity of the binary number system - affine fractal self-similarity.

Figure 3 presents the design options for self-similar clusters of tactile elements and the corresponding group of encoded characters.

The analysis of the schemes shown in figures 1-3 shows that the entire information array can be implemented with four tactile elements, providing the construction of fractal clusters, and the fifth tactile element, determining the number (register) of the cluster.

Figure 4 presents the concept of a device that provides the transmission and reception of information through the Braille system.

This device can also be used to transmit and receive information encoded by any system using a binary number system.

When analyzing the invention for compliance with the “novelty” criterion, it was revealed that some of the features of the claimed combination are new (the principle of fractal affine self-similarity, a self-similar information cluster), therefore, the technical solution meets the “novelty” criterion.

When analyzing the invention for compliance with the criterion of "inventive step", it was revealed that the technical property of the analyzed object (grouping into fractal information clusters) is new, therefore, the claimed solution is recognized as meeting the criterion of "inventive step", since it is a new combination of features as a combination of known features and new technical properties. In addition, through the proposed method and device for its implementation, a result was achieved (increasing the transfer of information per unit time, increasing the effectiveness of training), satisfying long-standing social needs (expanding the possibilities and boundaries of communication between people with visual and hearing impairments).

The advantages of the claimed method and device for tactile transmission and reception of information are increased functionality and efficiency by increasing the amount of transmission and reception of information while simplifying the procedure of tactile transmission and reception of information. This allows you to expand the learning opportunities of people with visual impairments to transmit and receive encoded information using the Braille system and create inexpensive multifunction devices for tactile transmission and reception of information. Therefore, the claimed technical solution can be replicated and, therefore, meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Information sources

1. US patent No. 4473356, CL. G09B 21/00, publ. 1984.

2. Patent of Russia No. 2025785, cl. G09B 21/004, publ. 1994.

3. Patent of Russia No. 2223551, cl. G09B 21/00, publ. 2004.02.10.

4. Patent of Russia No. 2210802 C2, class. G06F 3/00, G09B 21/00, publ. 08/08/20.

Claims (6)

1. A method of tactile transmission and reception of information via the Braille system, in which language characters, punctuation marks, numbers and mathematical symbols are encoded with combinations of six or eight tactile elements that form a rectangular Braille information matrix, characterized in that the information is encoded according to the fractal principle affine self-similarity of the binary number system, and tactile elements are arranged in lowercase in-line form. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use the numbering of elements of a rectangular Braille information matrix corresponding to the numbering of bits in a binary number system. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the encoded information is grouped into self-similar fractal clusters, the shape and number of which are designed and determined by a combination of the numbers of binary digits of the binary number system. 4. A device for tactile transmission and reception of information via the Braille system, containing tactile elements in the form of a six-key or eight-key keyboard for transmission and rectangular Braille information matrices for receiving information, characterized in that the tactile transmission and reception elements are combined according to the principle of fractal affinity self-similarity of the binary system numbering and are located in lowercase row form. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that four tactile elements are used to form information clusters, and a fifth tactile element is used to assign a register number to the formed clusters. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the same tactile elements are used both for transmitting and receiving information.

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