RU2402597C2 - Moulded fuel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: moulded fuel contains a dry mixture of wood wastes and wastes from starch production in ratio of 3:1 and lipid-containing animal wastes in the following ratio of components, wt %: said lipid-containing wastes 30-60; mixture of ground solid fuel and starch production wastes - the rest. The lipid-containing wastes are wastes from fish processing, meat processing and bird processing. The method of producing moulded fuel involves selection of components, grinding and mixing the ground solid fuel, moulding the mixture, wherein before grinding, the solid components are separated on vibrating screens into two fractions with particle size less than 8 mm and greater than 8 mm and the latter is taken for grinding. Each fraction is then taken for drying and the components are dried to moisture of 12-16%. The components are then mixed and the mixture is then moulded in an extruder at pressure of 5-10 MPa and temperature of 140-200°C. The ready fuel is packed into sacks.

EFFECT: invention enables recycling and utilisation of wastes from food production and improves physical and mechanical properties of the fuel blocks.

5 cl, 3 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of solid molded fuel from biological waste, food and wood processing industries and a method for its production.

A known method of producing fuel briquettes from wood waste by grinding them to a particle size of not more than 1 mm, drying to a moisture content of 12% and subsequent pressing at 10.0-12.0 MPa (see USSR author's certificate 1458377, C10L 5/44).

Known peat briquette, including peat and carbonaceous material, which is a screening of charcoal, petroleum coke or a mixture thereof in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.% Peat 50-90, screenings of charcoal, petroleum coke or a mixture of 10-50%. USSR copyright certificate N1788006, cl. C10F 7/06, 1993.

A known method of producing a lump of household biofuel, including the production of milled peat with a moisture content of 40-65%, its separation in dry form to separate from stumps, roots and pieces of peat larger than 10 mm, then a mixture of wood waste is added to the sifted mass - small sawdust or coal fines, pre-impregnated with fuel oil, diesel fuel, and then sapropel of natural humidity 89-95% is added to the mixture,

mixing in a screw screw and bringing to a moisture content of 80-85%, and then molding is carried out under pressure by extrusion through a die with a speed of 0.5-10 mm / s pieces of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 25-35 mm, after which they carry out drying of lump peat in two stage: artificial with bringing to a moisture of 35-50% at a temperature of 150-200 ° C and natural with bringing to a moisture of 25-33%. The biofuel thus obtained is burned in boiler houses to produce heat (RU 2255955 C1, 02.16.2004, IPC C10F 7/06, C10L 5/14).

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a molded fuel based on a dried mixture of crushed solid fuel and condensed sludge from wastewater treatment plants and a method for producing a molded fuel, which includes mixing condensed sludge and crushed solid fuel, molding the mixture and subsequent drying of the molds, using condensed sludge with a water content of 70-80 wt.%, the mixture is molded at a pressure of 0.1-25 MPa and the moldings are dried at 50-180 ° C for 1.5-0.4 hours or at ambient temperature 5-30 hours at this molded fuel contains, wt.%: condensed sludge 5-14 - 13-38% and crushed solid fuel - the rest. Molded fuel has high mechanical strength, which allows to reduce its losses during storage, loading, unloading and transportation (see RF patent 2131449, C10L 5/14, C10L 5/44, C10L 5/46, C10L 5/48 1999) . The production of fuel by the method described in this invention increases the mechanical strength of the molded fuel and thereby reduces the cost of its storage, loading, unloading and losses during transportation.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of use of food waste and timber processing industries, increase the physico-mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of fuel briquettes.

The problem is solved by producing a molded fuel based on a dried mixture of crushed solid fuel and meat processing waste, with waste of animal origin being taken as x waste, and a mixture of wood waste and waste of starch and syrup production in the ratio 3: 1, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

lipid-containing animal waste 30-60 mixture of crushed solid fuel rest

In addition, fish processing waste, meat processing waste, and poultry processing waste are taken as lipid-containing animal waste.

Waste from fish processing, which is used in the proposed method, is waste from cutting fish (entrails) with a mass fraction of fat from 8% and above. Waste from the production of canned food, preserves and semi-finished products. It is preferable to use waste salmon, herring, butter and other types of fish, in addition, waste fish oil.

Meat processing waste is obtained by trimming meat (meat trimmings, cartilage) with a fat mass fraction of 6% or more.

Poultry processing waste is obtained when cutting carcasses with a mass fraction of fat from 4% and above.

A method for producing a molded fuel includes preparing the components, grinding and mixing the crushed solid fuel, mixing with food waste, molding the mixture, while before grinding the solid components are divided into two fractions with particle sizes of less than 8 mm and more than 8 mm, the latter is sent to re-grinding, then each fraction is sent for drying, and the components are dried to a moisture content of 12-16%, then the components are dosed, mixed and molded in an extruder at a pressure of 5-10 MPa and Temperature 140-200 ° C, ready fuel cut to the desired size, cooled and packed in bags.

Drying of each fraction is carried out in drying units, providing drying of raw materials at a temperature of 20-160 ° C.

The use of lipid-containing animal waste in a mixture with wood waste, which is a fat-protein mixture with a fat content of up to 90% protein to 10%, as well as sugary waste, for example, the starch industry in the starch industry with up to 10% carbohydrates, promotes the formation of extruded particle mixtures with high adhesion to the surface of the wood component and high cohesion of the monolith itself in the resulting briquettes of solid biofuel.

In this case, the extrusion of the mixture at a pressure of 5-10 MPa and a temperature of 140-200 ° C provides a sufficient convergence of particles of wood waste and food waste and high molecular adhesion between them and contributes to the reinforcement of the fuel turning it into a monolith.

The use of fatty waste in the mixture can significantly increase the calorific value to fuel 5600-6800 kcal / kg.

This is due to the fact that they have a high carbon content and emit during combustion up to 5500 kcal / h.

The use of the proposed mixture for the manufacture of fuel contributes to a more efficient use of wood waste and efficient utilization of food production waste.

The implementation of the disposal of food waste reduces environmental pollution, contributes to the conservation of forests. The production of 40 tons of solid biofuel of the proposed composition ensures the conservation of 1 ha of forest.

The quantitative values of the components are selected taking into account the receipt of high quality fuel. Their reduction or increase will lead to unnecessary costs, both during drying and during extrusion.

Extrusion modes provide lump fuel strength and water absorption performance, which meets the requirements of the biofuel standard.

It was also found that the extrusion of the inventive mixture of components with a particle size of more than 8 mm reduces the strength properties and increases water absorption and, consequently, reduces the duration of their storage.

The choice of these components and the method for producing solid biofuel is consistent with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.

The proposed fuel will significantly reduce the greenhouse effect, since the carbon dioxide emitted during biofuel combustion is again absorbed by plants.

The method is as follows.

Wood waste is pre-cleaned of metal, mineral and other large impurities using a magnetic trap and coarse mesh. Then the components of the mixture are divided into two fractions on vibrating screens. Fractions with a particle size of less than 8 mm enter the receiving hoppers, and fractions with a particle size of more than 8 mm are crushed in a knife and hammer crusher.

Then each fraction (separately) is sent for drying. The components are dried to a moisture content of 12-16%.

The dried components are fed through consumables and dispensers to a mixer, where they are thoroughly mixed in a predetermined ratio until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The resulting mixture is fed to extrusion.

The process is carried out at a pressure of 5-10 MPa and a temperature of 140-200 ° C in a continuous stream. Ready cooled fuel is blown with air and packaged in bags.

The proposed composition and method of its production provides, when using a new type of fuel, high heat of combustion up to 5600-6800 kcal / kg, strength up to 25.0 MPa, low water-absorbing ability, energy-intensive process, rational use of waste.

Examples of solid biofuels are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Components Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Lipid-containing animal waste, wt.% Fish Processing Waste 30 Meat processing waste 45 Poultry processing waste 60 The mixture of crushed 70 55 40 solid and wastes from pasture production, (3: 1), wt.%

Examples of the method.

Example 1. Previously, wood waste is cleaned of metal, mineral and other inclusions using a magnetic trap and coarse mesh. Then the components of the mixture (see example 1 of the table) are divided into two fractions on vibrating screens. Fractions with a particle size of less than 8 mm are fed into the receiving hoppers, and fractions with a particle size of more than 8 mm are crushed in knife and hammer crushers. Then each fraction (separately) is sent for drying. The components are dried to a moisture content of 12%. The dried components are fed through consumables and dispensers to a mixer, where the components are thoroughly mixed in a predetermined ratio until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The resulting mixture is fed to extrusion. The process is carried out at a pressure of 5 MPa and a temperature of 140 ° C in a continuous stream. Cut into pieces of a certain size and chilled finished fuel is packaged in bags.

Example 2. Pre-wood waste is cleaned of metal, mineral and other inclusions using a magnetic trap and coarse mesh. Then the components of the mixture (see example 3 of the table) are divided into two fractions on vibrating screens. Fractions with a particle size of less than 8 mm are fed into the receiving hoppers, and fractions with a particle size of more than 8 mm are crushed in knife and hammer crushers. Then each fraction (separately) is sent for drying.

The components are dried to a moisture content of 15%. The dried components are fed through consumables and dispensers to a mixer, where the components are thoroughly mixed in a predetermined ratio until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The resulting mixture is fed to extrusion. The process is carried out at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 200 ° C in a continuous stream. Cut into pieces of a certain size and chilled finished fuel is packaged in bags.

Example 3. Pre-wood waste is cleaned of metal, mineral and other inclusions using a magnetic trap and coarse mesh. Then the components of the mixture (see example 3 of the table) are divided into two fractions on vibrating screens. Fractions with a particle size of less than 8 mm are fed into the receiving hoppers, and fractions with a particle size of more than 8 mm are crushed in knife and hammer crushers. Then each fraction (separately) is sent for drying. The components are dried to a moisture content of 16%. The dried components are fed through consumables and dispensers to a mixer, where the components are thoroughly mixed in a predetermined ratio until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The resulting mixture is fed to extrusion. The process is carried out at a pressure of 8 MPa and a temperature of 180 ° C in a continuous stream. Cut into pieces of a certain size and chilled finished fuel is packaged in bags.

Claims (5)

1. Molded fuel based on a dried mixture of crushed solid fuel and fatty waste, characterized in that lipid-containing waste of animal origin is taken as fatty waste, and a mixture of wood waste and starch-syrup production waste is taken as a mixture of crushed solid fuel in a ratio of 3: 1 in the following general ratio of components, wt.%:
lipid-containing animal waste 30-60 mixture of crushed solid fuel and waste production rest 2. Molded fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that fish processing waste is taken as lipid-containing animal waste. 3. Molded fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that as the lipid-containing waste of animal origin take meat processing waste. 4. Molded fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that poultry processing waste is taken as lipid-containing animal waste. 5. The method of producing a molded fuel according to claim 1, comprising selecting components, grinding and mixing the crushed solid fuel, molding the mixture, characterized in that before grinding the solid components are divided into two fractions with particle sizes of less than 8 mm and more than 8 mm, the latter is sent for grinding, then each fraction is sent for drying, and the components are dried to a moisture content of 12-16%, then the components are mixed, the mixture is molded in an extruder at a pressure of 5-10 MPa and a temperature of 140-200 ° C, filling the finished fuel are bagged.