RU2400054C2 - Potato growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular - to plant cultivation. The method involves soil preparation, tubers planting, crop maintenance and harvesting. Planting is done by way of tubers placement on the field surface covered with a translucent materials with holes for sprouts.

EFFECT: invention enables reduction of potatoes cultivation costs due to reduction of labour intensity of potato planting, cultivation and harvesting without detriment for yield.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to crop production and can be used in growing potatoes.

There is a method of growing potatoes in ridges (ridges), in which ridges are cut on the surface of the field, before planting seed tubers (ridges and potatoes are embedded in ridges (ridges) to a depth of 4-6 cm with a potato planter ("Federal Register of Plant Production Production Technologies" M GNU Inforagrotech. 2000, pp. 222-239).

The specified method is mainly used in areas of irrigated agriculture.

The method of growing potatoes is also widely known, which consists in the fact that before planting the tubers, the soil is prepared for planting (the upper layer of soil is loosened, fertilizers are applied, if necessary, pesticides are applied). In this case, planting is carried out on a flat surface of the field with the incorporation of tubers into the soil to a depth of 5-16 cm, followed by at least twice hilling of the plants (the height of the ridges is 20-25 cm).

The most laborious process is the excavation of tubers, very often carried out in central Russia in inclement weather. Tubers selected from the soil and stored for storage are poorly stored due to their contamination (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. "Agricultural Machines" M. "spike" 2003).

The main disadvantage is the high cost of obtaining products and losses during storage.

The task of the invention is to reduce the cost of producing potatoes by reducing labor costs for planting, cultivating and harvesting potatoes, without reducing yield, and also to reduce losses during storage.

The task is achieved due to the fact that on the prepared soil for planting seed tubers of potatoes are laid out on the surface of a leveled field, which is then covered with opaque material with openings for escape shoots. Moreover, the coating of opaque material can be made in the form of caps of various configurations depending on the variety of potatoes grown. In the upper part of the caps, longitudinal slots are made in the form of separate petals for the escape of shoots. The petals of the hood, closing, do not let light into the hood. For stability, the lower edges of the caps are fixed (crushed with weights, soil or slap). During the growing season, stolons form in a cap on the soil surface.

The figure shows the scheme - a) planting tubers, b) vegetation and c) the end of the vegetation.

Example. In the conditions of the Moscow Region, seed potatoes were planted in the experimental plot, laying them out on a leveled field prepared for planting. Caps were made of opaque material; longitudinal slots were provided at the top of each for the escape of potato shoots. For stability, the edges of the caps were sprinkled with soil. Potato tubers formed during the growing season filled the space under cover from an opaque material (cap) and were on the soil surface without soil contamination. Cleaning consisted of removing opaque material (caps) from the field surface, selecting tubers from the rows and delivering them to the storage place without additional cleaning of soil particles.

As a result of the use of the invention, labor costs are significantly reduced, losses of tubers during storage are reduced, since dry and clean tubers are stored. Due to this, the cost of obtaining products is reduced.

Claims (3)

1. A method of growing potatoes, including soil preparation, planting tubers, caring for plants and harvesting, characterized in that the planting is carried out by laying seed tubers on the surface of the field, which are then covered with opaque material with openings for escape shoots. 2. The method of growing potatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the shelter is made of opaque material in the form of caps, the upper part of which is made with longitudinal slots in the form of separate petals. 3. The method of growing potatoes according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower part of the cap is strengthened.