RU2399731C1 - Method for erection of multilayer building wall, which is self-bearing within floor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. ^ SUBSTANCE: method for erection of multilayer wall, which is self-bearing within floor and rests on floor of frame building, includes installation of inner and outer walls separated by air space and insertion of insulator between them. At first horizontal girders are fixed in floor keys to support vertical stands, and external facade panels are inserted into their slots on top at inner side. ^ EFFECT: reduced effect of heat conductive inclusions by reducing section of cantilever due to lighter facade panels, reduced labour intensiveness of assembly and possibility to do mounting without use of weight-lifting equipment. ^ 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction, and in particular to the technology of construction of a multilayer wall of a building.

In connection with the increasing requirements for energy saving, the problem of heat conservation by buildings can be solved only with the use of multilayer walling with effective insulation.

Known mounted facade systems [1] (prototype). During their installation, as a rule, mineral insulation is used, which is attached to the wall using connectors (dowels). Stringers (guides) on which the cladding is mounted are mounted on brackets. Brackets are mounted to the wall using connectors. Facing is used the most diverse: natural stone, porcelain stoneware, aluminum panels, fiberglass concrete, etc. The guides are made of galvanized steel or of various aluminum alloys. Widely used facade systems such as "Kraspan", "Insi", "Wave", "Spidi" and others.

The disadvantages of hinged facade systems are the complexity of installation and the increase in construction time caused by the following factors:

- work on fixing the heat-insulating layer and installing facade panels is possible only after the complete installation of the inner layer of the wall, which, as a rule, is built of stone materials;

- for the installation of guides, thermal insulation and facade panels, scaffolding or the use of special suspension devices is required, since all these operations are performed from the outside;

- facing panels are made of materials that practically do not let steam through, so there is a need to organize a ventilated air gap.

Self-supporting walls made of stone materials within the floor are known in which the inner and outer layers, separated by an effective insulation, are connected by flexible bonds [2]. They rely on reinforced concrete floors having through wells filled with inserts from mineral wool slabs.

The main disadvantages of laminated walls of this type are: the complexity of the implementation at the construction site, problems when conducting masonry work in winter conditions, high metal consumption. The reliability of operation under seismic loads is doubtful. Replacing steel ties with basalt-plastic ones leads to higher construction costs. Reinforced concrete dowels between wells have a significant cross-section, because bear the load within the floor from the outer layer of masonry, respectively, are powerful heat-conducting inclusions.

A multilayer wall is known, consisting of inner and outer layers separated by an effective insulation, the outer layer being represented by facade curtain panels in the form of rectangular plates with a embedded part. Moreover, panels with upper and lower edges, made with a bevel in the inner side, have steel loops in the upper part, with the help of which they are hung on steel hooks placed on the ends of the reinforced concrete floor consoles, and the embedded part of the upper panel located in its lower part is connected by welding a steel rod to a embedded part located in the upper part of the lower panel. An application was filed for the construction of the wall as a utility model, “A multilayer wall with facade panels hung on the flooring console” (application No. 2009114339/22 (019505)), a positive decision was issued to grant a patent.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the need to use when installing the panel in the design position of the crane equipment;

- the need to seal butt joints after installation, which is feasible, most likely, in the presence of scaffolds, cradles, etc. fixtures.

The proposed method of erecting a multi-layer wall of a building is characterized in that the reinforced concrete slab has consoles (dowels) on which steel profiles are laid along the wall, vertical racks made of steel are supported on these horizontal steel runs (with a certain step, the material may be different - fiberglass and so on) .p.) profiles. Consoles can be reinforced concrete with embedded parts or steel. The elements are connected by welding or bolted joints. Thin slabs of materials transmitting air vapor (for example, glass-magnesium sheets, cement-bonded particle boards, etc.) are inserted into the grooves of the uprights that extend beyond the line of the outer edges of the floor consoles from the floor level of the second floor, the first to the horizontal steel profile, and subsequent to the top of the previous plates. Thus, the front part of the outer multilayer wall of the building is installed within the first floor to the overlap of the second floor. Then, steel profiles are installed on the overlapping keys of the second floor, and then the installation is carried out in the same sequence as was applied within the first floor. The same sequence of work is observed for subsequent floors. On the interfloor overlap, masonry is made from small-piece materials, for example, from concrete blocks. As the construction of the inner wall, the space between the wall and the front panel is filled with insulation. Concrete blocks and thermal insulation boards can be laid after the installation of facade panels both within the floor and throughout the building. If there are no requirements to ensure a certain level of thermal inertia of the fence, then the inner wall can be made of sheet materials on a frame of curved profiles or of wooden bars.

The essential feature is that:

- guides in the form of steel (fiberglass or other) racks with grooves are attached not to the bearing part of the wall, but to horizontal steel girders installed on the floor consoles;

- facade panels in the form of slabs of materials that sufficiently pass air vapors are installed in the design position until the inner wall and thermal insulation are installed not from the outside, but from the inside and without the use of load-lifting mechanisms.

The proposed method of erecting a multilayer wall of a building provides:

- reducing the influence of heat-conducting inclusions by reducing the cross-section of the dowels (cantilever) by lightening the weight of the facade panels compared to ceramic bricks;

- reducing the complexity of installation due to work from the inside without the construction of scaffolding, scaffolding, etc., which is necessary when installing ventilated facades;

- the ability to carry out installation work without the use of lifting equipment used in the installation of reinforced concrete facade panels with mounting hooks.

The method of erecting a multilayer self-supporting wall within a floor is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a fragment of a vertical section of the exterior wall of a building after installing facade panels within the first floor and during the laying of the inner layer of the wall and insulation; figure 2 is a section 1-1 in figure 1; figure 3 the connection node of the facade panels with uprights.

The method is as follows: after the construction of the building frame, consisting of columns 1 and floors 2, steel profiles 4 are laid on the console 3 of the floor 2, vertical racks of steel (fiberglass, etc.) profiles rest on these horizontal steel runs 4. , where there are no consoles, is fixed using temporary connections. Profiles 5 have grooves formed by the outer shelf of the rack and additional plates 6, which are elements of the profiles. The plates 6 can be attached to the profiles 5 (for example, by welding) or they can be made together with the profiles 5, representing as part of an integral structure. In the grooves of the vertical struts 5, which extend beyond the line of the outer edges of the consoles 3 of the ceiling 2, facade panels 7 are inserted from the ceiling level 2 of the second floor, which are shifted down - the first to the horizontal steel profile 4, and the next to the top of the previous panels. The installation of panels 7 in the design position is carried out by two or three installers, one of which, for example, is located on the floor of the first floor, the second on the second, and the third, if necessary, at an intermediate level between them. After laying the facade panels within the first floor, steel profiles 5 are installed on the console 3 of the floor 2 of the second floor, and then the installation is carried out in the same sequence as was applied within the first floor. On the interfloor overlap 2, masonry is made from small pieces of materials, for example, concrete blocks 8. As the inner wall is erected, the space between the wall and the front panel is filled with insulation 9. Prior to installation, anticorrosion protection (for example, by zinganization method) or vinyl coating is applied to steel profiles.

The advantages of this method (compared with the prototype) are:

- reducing the complexity of installation due to work from the inside, which does not require the installation of scaffolding, scaffolding, etc .;

- transfer of load from the facade panels directly to the supporting structures, and not to low-strength wall fencing;

- the possibility of a complete rejection of masonry work, which is especially difficult to perform in winter conditions, when installing the inner layer of the wall from sheet materials on a frame of bent profiles or wooden blocks;

- refusal to construct a ventilated air gap.

Information sources

1. Recommendations for the design and use of facade systems with a ventilated air gap “Kraspan VST (N)” for the construction and reconstruction of buildings in Moscow. - M .: Moskomarchitektura, 2003 .-- 72 p.

2. Zyryanov, B.C. Heat-efficient exterior walls / B.C. Zyryanov, V.I. Shteyman // Housing construction. - 2001. - No. 5. - S.10-12.

Claims (1)

A method of erecting a multi-layer, self-supporting wall within the floor that rests on the ceiling of the frame building, comprising installing the outer and inner walls separated by an air gap and placing insulation between them, characterized in that first horizontal runs are mounted on the flooring dowels, on which the vertical posts rest, and external front panels are inserted into the grooves of the latter from above from the inside.

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