RU2399590C1 - Method of reducing fresh water consumption - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water discharge and water supply. In one sewage effluent, faecal water and kitchen waste water is tapped. The remaining liquid wastes are discharged in the second sewage effluent. Water from the second sewage effluent is taken for purification and decontamination through an external sewage network. The purified and decontaminated water is brought to technical water level, transported to a building and used to wash-off faecal wastes.

EFFECT: invention reduces fresh water consumption.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to wastewater and water supply and aims to significantly reduce water consumption for domestic needs.

State of the art

There is a separate method for the disposal of domestic sewage from residential apartments, for example, when one of the drains does not contain fecal waste, see the article “Engineering networks of your home. Sewerage ", according to the magazine" Ideas of Your Home "No. 7, 1998

There is a known separate method of water supply for residential apartments, when two wiring are used separately for supplying cold and hot water, see the book "Water supply and sanitation", Kedrov B.C. et al. M .: Stroyizdat, 2002, p. 48.

Disclosure of invention

Almost all fresh (drinking) water used by the residents of the apartment for domestic purposes is turned into waste and discharged into the sewer. At the same time, if the use of drinking water for cooking, washing clothes, bathing, and some other human needs is quite justified, then using this same water to flush urine and feces from the toilet into the sewer cannot be called wasteful. Meanwhile, for these needs, according to the literature (see, for example, the book by A.F. Afanasyeva et al. “Purification of domestic water and the treatment of sludge”, Moscow: Izograf, 1997, pp. 3-5) 35% of all fresh water consumed in everyday life. According to the authors, there is the possibility of replacing drinking water for the purpose of flushing fecal waste from the toilet with water of another, somewhat worse quality, but quite suitable for these purposes.

There is no need to explain the obvious difference in the chemical and bacteriological compositions of fecal water discharged from the toilet into the sewer along with kitchen drains containing food debris and other liquid waste used for domestic purposes and discharged into the same sewer.

The invention is directed to the collection of domestic wastewater that does not contain fecal and kitchen water already in the apartment, their transportation, treatment, disinfection by known methods and the secondary use of these waters among domestic needs only for flushing fecal waste from the toilet. This operation will reduce the consumption of fresh water for domestic needs of the population up to 35%.

The implementation of the invention

A method of reducing fresh water consumption involves separate drainage from residential apartments, carried out by the organization of two sewer drains by separately routing sewer pipes in the apartment, a riser and an external sewer network, while in one of the sewer drains sewage and sewage are removed from the kitchen, and the remaining sewage is discharged to the second sewer, the water from the second sewer is fed for cleaning and disinfection, brought to the level of process water, turn into circulation and use it both in the municipal economy and for domestic use for flushing fecal waste with the organization of an external water supply network for transporting industrial water from the place of cleaning and disinfection, the device of inputs into the buildings, the device of risers inside the building and connection to these risers toilet flush tanks.

It is known (see the book by A.F. Afanasyeva et al. “Purification of domestic water and treatment of sludge”, p. 3-5) that on average 15-20% of wastewater per household, a bath and shower - up to 20-25%, for toilet flushing - up to 35%, for washing clothes - up to 20%, moreover, toilet and kitchen drains contain up to 75% of the total amount of household waste pollution. If you send sewage from the toilet and kitchen (50-55% of sewage and up to 75% of the total amount of pollution) to the existing sewage system and organize a separate drain for the remaining sources of household waste, comprising 40-45% of all sewage, then there will be about three times the pollution less - up to 25% of their total number. Moreover, each of the organized two effluents has its own specificity of pollution with its own technology for their cleaning and disinfection. It is also obvious that in the second case (without fecal water and food residues), the process of treating and disinfecting wastewater will be much shorter (easier, faster and cheaper) than in the first. That is, the effective bringing of the condition of this part of the wastewater to at least the level of industrial water used in municipal services (irrigation, construction, etc.) seems quite real. At the same time, 40-45% of all fresh water consumed by the population is returned to circulation. However, in this case, the total consumption for domestic needs of clean (drinking) water remains unchanged. Meanwhile, the possibility of an absolute reduction in consumption for household needs of this water up to 35% exists; it is precisely so much drinking water that is consumed to flush toilet sinks. Flushing the toilet may well be carried out through the use of industrial water obtained by cleaning and disinfecting sewage that does not contain toilet and kitchen components. Obviously, such use of industrial water in everyday life leaves another 5-10% for use in the interests of the urban economy.

Note that the laying of sewer and water pipes in buildings is usually carried out in a common niche, and the toilets usually have a direct outlet into the sewer pipes. This makes it possible to connect the flushing cisterns to the risers with process water with virtually no wiring. Buildings for cleaning and disinfecting wastewater with little pollution can be arranged on a quarterly basis, which reduces the volume of construction of external water supply networks for industrial water. Using the proposed method of reducing the consumption of fresh water can be carried out not only with new construction, but also with the reconstruction or overhaul of existing buildings.

Claims (1)

A method of reducing fresh water consumption, including separate drainage from residential apartments with the organization of two sewer drains by separately performing the layout of sewer pipes in the apartment and the riser, while in one of the sewer drains sewage and sewage from the kitchen are discharged, and in the second sewer drain the remaining liquid waste, characterized in that the water from the second sewer drain is fed for cleaning and disinfection through an external sewer network, brought to the level of technical water, return to circulation and use it, including for flushing fecal waste with the organization of an external water supply network for transporting process water from the place of treatment and disinfection to the entrance to the building.