RU2397020C1 - Disintegrator for processing of oil-containing wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for recycling of wastes, namely to devices for disintegration of oil slime and water-oil emulsions by hydrodynamic and cavitation impact, and may be used in oil and oil-processing industry. Disintegrator for processing of oil-containing wastes includes cylindrical vessel, inside of which there are two rotors installed in circular chamber coaxially to each other in the form of disks fixed on hollow shafts, impact elements fixed along concentric rows on disks, drive, providing for rotation of disks in opposite sides. Impact elements are arranged in the form of symmetrical blades, profile of which is limited at one side by internal concave surface, and at the other side - by external convex surface, ends of blade form sharp edge, besides impact elements are arranged so that in process of rotors rotation internal concave part of blade in each disk is oriented opposite to rotation with the possibility to develop counterflows causing mechanical impacts and hydraulic turbulence in processed product, damage of colloid substances, and cavities of shaft serve for supply of oil-containing wastes.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase efficiency of any oil-containing slime processing independently on its origin and viscosity and capacity of plant.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for waste disposal, and in particular to devices for the disintegration of oil sludge and water-oil emulsions by hydrodynamic and cavitation effects, and can be used in the oil and oil refining industries.

A huge amount of toxic waste accumulates annually at production facilities of the oil and oil refining industry, including a third of which are oil sludges, which are multicomponent physicochemical systems (mixtures), consisting mainly of oil products, water and mineral additives (sand, clay , metal oxides that are disposed of at special landfills or dumped in unauthorized places in an unauthorized manner, while they pollute the soil and groundwater, thereby causing ny damage to the environment.

The problem of liquidation of oily wastes is relevant both from an environmental point of view and from the point of view of using them as secondary raw materials in order to extract valuable hydrocarbon components from them and obtain useful products for use in various industries, mainly in the fuel and construction industries. Huge amounts of money are being spent on the struggle to eliminate oily waste.

There are various devices for the processing of oily sludge, which allows to process almost any type of oily waste by dispersion, flotation, destruction, sterilization, extraction and other chemical and mechanical methods used depending on the problem being solved. Disintegration is disintegration, division into parts of a holistic structure, weakening, breaking ties in a single system.

Known disintegrator, consisting of two rotors having an independent drive and mounted concentrically for rotation to meet each other, each rotor consists of two annular disks connected by steel cylindrical fingers, which are located on the rotors along concentric circles, each row of fingers of one rotor is included between two rows of fingers of another (Planovsky A.N., Ramm V.M., Kagan S.Z. Processes and devices of chemical technology, 4th edition, M .: "Chemistry", 1967, p. 68-69 )

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and insufficient range of process control.

A known disintegrator comprising a cylindrical body with axial loading and tangential unloading nozzles and upper and lower horizontal disks with shock elements fixed along concentric circles, each of which is located between the shock elements of the opposing disk, spreading elements are installed at the outlet of the axial loading nozzle at an angle to the upper horizontal disk nozzles bent in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the upper disk, and at the end of each of azbrasyvayuschih fixed diffuser pipes, and the lower disc at the spreading nozzles installed device for uniform distribution of material on the perimeter of the working chamber (Russian Patent №2291745, MKI V02S 13/22, publ. 2007.01.20).

A disintegrator is known, including two rotor disks arranged coaxially to each other with rims perforated in the cylindrical part along the periphery, fingers fixed along concentric rows on the disks, and a drive providing rotation of the disks in opposite directions, rotor shafts are hollow, disks are mounted on shafts rotors at an angle to provide reciprocating movement of the processed material in the axial direction from disk to disk, accompanied by periodic oscillations of the device , each finger of each disk has a beginning on one side of the disk and a continuation on the other side of the disk, while the plane of the finger ends on one side of the disk is parallel to the plane of the finger ends on the other side of the disk; in addition, the fingers are removable in the form of conical rods having a pointed star in cross section, decreasing in size from the middle part to the periphery of the rod (Russian patent No. 2279316, MKI V02C 13/22, publ. 2006.07.10).

The disadvantage of these devices is the inability to achieve the degree of grinding necessary for processing a viscous liquid.

Known disintegrator for processing oily waste containing a housing with loading and unloading nozzles and a rotor, including a shaft with a disk. In this case, an annular groove with radial holes is made in the cage of the disintegrator, and the rotor disk has an annular protrusion with radial holes located inside the annular groove of the housing, in addition, the walls of the annular groove of the housing and the surface of the annular protrusion of the rotor disk entering it are made in the form of cones having the common axis of rotation, which coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the gap formed by the conical surfaces of the annular groove of the housing and the annular protrusion of the rotor disk is made adjustable by axial with escheniya rotor relative to the disintegrator housing (Russian Patent №2217470, MKI S10S 3/14, publ. 2003.11.27).

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of efficiency of the grinding process and low productivity.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the processing of any oily sludge regardless of its nature and viscosity (oil, oil, fuel oil, tar, etc.) and increase the productivity of the installation.

The problem is achieved in that in the disintegrator for the processing of oily waste, including a cylindrical body, inside of which in the annular chamber two rotors are mounted coaxially to each other in the form of disks mounted on hollow shafts, shock elements fixed in concentric rows on the disks, a drive providing the disks rotate in opposite directions, the shock elements are made in the form of symmetrical blades, the profile of which is limited on one side of the inner concave and on the other, convex outer In particular, the ends of the blades form a sharp edge, while the shock elements are arranged so that when the rotors rotate, the inner concave part of the blade of each disk is oriented towards rotation with the possibility of creating countercurrents that cause mechanical shock and hydraulic turbulence in the processed product, destruction of colloidal substances, and cavities shafts are used to supply oily waste.

Additionally, the radius r of the convex surface of the blades is less than the radius R of the inner concave surface.

Additionally, the radial gaps δ between the sharp edges of the blades, which are formed when the shock elements approach the oncoming rows, make up about 5% of the blade width a.

Additionally, the pitch of the shock elements in each row may be the same.

Additionally, annular step grooves are made in the housing.

In addition, the disks are installed with a gap in the annular stepped grooves of the case, and the generators of the disks are made stepped, consisting of a cylindrical part, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular stepped groove of the case, and conical, forming a sharp edge around the periphery of the disk, while the working surfaces of the disks are perpendicular to the axis of rotation and are located parallel to each other.

Additionally, the supply of oily waste can be carried out through both cavity cavities.

Additionally, the supply of oily waste can be through one cavity, while the other cavity is blocked by a plug.

Additionally, the counter rotation of the rotors is provided by separate drives with an adjustable angular velocity.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a disintegrator.

Figure 2 - section aa, the relative position of the blades

Figure 3 - view B, the location of the disk in the housing.

Figure 4 - view, the parameters of the scapula.

The disintegrator for processing oily waste contains a cylindrical body 1, inside of which in the annular chamber 2 are installed coaxially with each other with the possibility of counter rotation around a common axis two rotors 3, consisting of disks 4, rigidly connected, for example, by welding with the corresponding hollow shafts 5, cavities 6 of which serve to supply the initial product (oily waste), which can be supplied through both cavities 6 of the shafts 5, and through one cavity, while the other cavity is blocked by a plug (not azana). The hollow shafts 5 are mounted in the bearings 7. The counter-rotation of the rotors 3 is provided by separate drives with an adjustable angular speed (drives not shown) by, for example, pulleys 8 mounted on the hollow shafts 5.

In the housing 1, annular stepped grooves are made 9. The generatrix of the disk 4 is made stepped, consisting of a cylindrical part 10, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular stepped groove 9 of the housing 1, and a conical 11 forming a sharp edge around the periphery of the disk 4.

Disks 4 are installed with a gap in the annular stepped grooves 9 of the housing 1

The working surfaces 12 of the disks 4 are perpendicular to the axis of rotation and are parallel to each other, fixed on them, for example, pressed into the holes of the disks and fixed on the back of the disk, the shock elements 13 arranged in rows along concentric circles with different radii and common center coinciding with the axis shaft, and the rows of percussion elements mounted on one disk alternate with the rows of percussion elements of another disk. The pitch of the shock elements in each row may be the same. Impact elements 13 are symmetrical blades 14, the profile of which is limited on one side of the inner concave and on the other outer convex surfaces, the ends of the blades form a sharp edge, while the radius r of the convex surface is less than the radius R of the inner concave surface. Impact elements 13 are arranged so that when the rotors 3 rotate, the inner concave portion of the blade 14 of each disk 4 is oriented towards rotation with the possibility of creating countercurrents that cause mechanical shocks and hydraulic turbulence in the processed product, destruction of colloidal substances and autofiltration of the processed product, while the gaps δ between the sharp edges of the blades 14, which are formed when the shock elements approach each other, make up about 5% of the width of the blade a.

To exit the finished product to the body 1 is connected to the pipe 15.

Disintegrator for the processing of oily waste is as follows.

The liquid to be processed, in the form of oily waste, passes through the cavities 6 of the hollow shafts 5 into the oncoming rotation zone of the shock elements 13, is evenly distributed around the circumference of the first row, then distributed further through the gaps between the blades, the concave surfaces of the blades move towards each other, with In this case, when the shock elements of the oncoming rows approach each other by the value of the radial gap δ, a shock increase in pressure and fluid velocity occurs in the gap, then in the region of the internal concave surface and the next row of the blade pressure and speed are sharply reduced. In this case, the fluid is repeatedly subjected to mechanical action of the sharp edges of the blades 14 and the cavitation action of the high speed of the oncoming movement of the blades. As the row moves away from the center to the periphery due to the increase in the peripheral speed, the grinding process is gradually intensified, the oil feed is activated due to periodic shock and cavitation in the high-frequency pulsating mode, as a result of which a deeper structural change in the hydrocarbon system occurs and the degree of its mechanical processing. Then, under the action of centrifugal force and additional pressure created by the blades 14, the liquid is radially expelled into the annular chamber 2 of the housing 1, while the sharp edges of the disks 4 prevent liquid from entering the area located between the disks 4 and the annular step grooves 9 of the housing 1, and the product through the pipe 15 is removed from the housing 1.

The choice of the optimal angular speed of rotation of the disks for the processing of each type of oily waste can increase the productivity of the process and improve the quality of the product.

The described design of the shock elements creates an additional effect of increasing pressure in the fluid flow, and the mechanical effect of the sharp edges of adjacent blades with a small radial clearance between them and the cavitation effect of the high speed of the oncoming motion of the blades increase the disintegration efficiency.

Claims (9)

1. A disintegrator for the processing of oily waste, comprising a cylindrical body, inside of which two rotors are mounted coaxially to each other in the form of disks in the form of disks mounted on hollow shafts, shock elements mounted along concentric rows on the disks, and a drive that rotates the disks in opposite directions characterized in that the shock elements are made in the form of symmetrical blades, the profile of which is limited on one side of the internal concave and on the other external convex surfaces, the ends of the blade OK form a sharp edge, while the shock elements are arranged in such a way that when the rotors rotate, the inner concave part of the blade of each disk is oriented towards rotation with the possibility of creating countercurrents that cause mechanical shock and hydraulic turbulence in the processed product, the destruction of colloidal substances, and the shaft cavities serve to supply of oily waste. 2. The disintegrator for processing oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the radius r of the convex surface of the blades is less than the radius R of the inner concave surface. 3. The disintegrator for the processing of oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial clearances δ between the sharp edges of the blades, formed when the shock elements of the oncoming rows approach each other, comprise about 5% of the blade width a. 4. The disintegrator for the processing of oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of the location of the shock elements in each row can be the same. 5. The disintegrator for the processing of oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular step grooves are made in the housing. 6. The disintegrator for the processing of oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the disks are installed with a gap in the annular step grooves of the body, and the generators of the disks are made stepped, consisting of a cylindrical part, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular step groove of the body, and conical, forming a sharp edge around the periphery of the disk, while the working surfaces of the disks are perpendicular to the axis of rotation and are parallel to each other. 7. The disintegrator for processing oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply of oily waste is carried out through both cavity cavities. 8. The disintegrator for processing oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply of oily waste is carried out through one cavity, while the other cavity is blocked by a plug. 9. The disintegrator for processing oily waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the counter rotation of the rotors is provided by separate drives with an adjustable angular velocity.

Images