RU2382896C9 - Device to transfer mechanical power from internal combustion engine to thermal electric power station generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices that serve to transfer mechanical power from internal combustion engine to electric generator. Proposed invention consists in that propeller with arrow-like blades is used as the device to transfer mechanical power from internal combustion engine to thermal electric station (TES) electric generator.

EFFECT: reduced fuel consumption and improved ecology in thermal electric power station area.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices designed to transmit mechanical energy of the movement of the internal combustion engine to the generator TPP. There is no analogue designed to transfer the energy of motion of the internal combustion engine to the TPP electric generator.

Piston and gas turbine internal combustion engines currently used in thermal power plants (TPPs) have an efficiency of less than 50% and, accordingly, have high fuel consumption. So on the most economical piston engine “Diesel”, the minimum fuel consumption is 0.14 kg / hp · h, which corresponds to an efficiency of 42% (Polytechnical Dictionary, ed. Sovetsk. Encycl., 1976, p. 351 - “Transmission”, p.142 - “Diesel”).

The basis of the invention is the task of significantly reducing fuel consumption at thermal power plants and, accordingly, improving the environment.

по отношению к вектору окружной скорости сечения лопастиThe essence of the invention lies in the fact that as a device for transmitting mechanical energy of movement of an internal combustion engine to a TPP electric generator, a propeller with blades located at an angle of sweep is used

with respect to the vector of the peripheral speed of the section of the blade

,

,

- это угол между передней кромкой стреловидной лопасти и плоскостью, перпендикулярной вектору

. (см. заявку №2007139687/20 от 29.10.2007, «Высокоскоростной воздушный винт»).where ω is the angular velocity of rotation of the screw, r is the radius of the cross section of the blade, and the angle of sweep

is the angle between the leading edge of the arrow-shaped blade and the plane perpendicular to the vector

. (see application No. 2007139687/20 of 10.29.2007, “High-speed propeller”).

Currently, propellers are used to convert the mechanical energy of rotation of the propeller shaft into the kinetic energy of the air flow generated by the propeller blades in order to obtain propeller thrust. Screws are also used to convert the kinetic energy of the air flow into the mechanical energy of rotation of the propeller shaft (Polytechnic Dictionary, ed. Sovetsk. Encycl., 1976, p.86 - “Propeller”, p.74 - “Wind turbine”) .

Between the achieved technical effect and the essence of the invention, there is the following causal relationship: the use of a “high-speed propeller” as a “transmission” makes it possible to use simple and cheap uncompressed air-jet engines (WFD) instead of expensive and complex piston and gas turbine engines. So, when fuel is burned in an unpressurized WFD according to the Hampi cycle (V = const) or detonation cycle (IDD), even with Mach 4, the thermodynamic efficiency of the WFD exceeds 70% (see the book edited by S. M. Frolov. Pulse detonation engines. Ed. Truss-Press, Moscow, 2006, p.20 ÷ 22).

Therefore, without taking into account additional losses of mechanical and thermal energy of the WFD and taking into account the fact that the efficiency of modern TPPs is ≈30% and only the best reach 40%, it follows that the use of the invention in the future will reduce the fuel consumption of TPPs by 1.5–2 times and will allow receive cheap electricity at fuel extraction sites.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a thermal power plant (TPP). The plane swept by the blades of the propeller at the TPP is located in a horizontal plane so that the propeller can simultaneously generate mechanical energy from the WFD to the generator to create a small vertical air flow that improves the ecology of the station. The diagram indicates:

1. Pulsating WFD.

2. A blade located at a negative sweep angle

.3. A blade located at a positive sweep angle

.

4. Supporting power blade.

5. The rotor shaft of the TPP electric generator.

6. High speed propeller bushing.

7. Stator of the TPP electric generator.

8. R - radius of the propeller.

A device for transmitting mechanical energy from a pulsed WFD to a TPP electric generator, made in the form of a propeller, operates as follows: a pulsed WFD (1) mounted on the ends of arrow-shaped blades (2) and (3) under the action of the reaction force of a gas jet emanating from a supersonic nozzle rotates the propeller with a supersonic peripheral speed of the ends of the blades u. In this case, the power developed by the pulsating WFD through the blades (2), (3) and (4) is transmitted to the screw sleeve (6) and then to the shaft (5) of the rotor of the TPP electric generator.

The high supersonic peripheral speed of movement of the ends of the rotor blades 3M ÷ 4M significantly complicates the design and operation of the "high-speed propeller".

In order to increase the degree of air compression in the WFD combustion chamber with a lower value of the peripheral speed of the ends of the propeller blades, the air with a pressure corresponding to a compression ratio> 40 is pumped through the hollow blades of the propeller by means of an additional compressor.

An additional compressor at supersonic peripheral speeds of the ends of the propeller blades allows you to effectively use the “high-speed propeller” itself as an independent centrifugal compressor.

The calculation shows that at supersonic peripheral speeds of the ends of the blades, the “high-speed propeller” itself increases the pressure coming from the additional compressor several times.

For an air mass element

where ρ is the air density, µ is its molar mass, R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, S is the pipe area, p is the pressure inside this element, r is the current radius,

centrifugal force will be

dividing by the area, we get

Let's make a change of variables

where p ₀ is the pressure near the axis of rotation.

(x, y are dimensionless quantities).

We get

His solution will be

For r = 0, p = p ₀ ; therefore, y ₀ = 1

ωr = u,

where u is the peripheral speed. We get

Take μ = 0.029 kg / mol (for air), R = 8.3 J / (mol K), T = 300 K, u = 500 m / s.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of a TPP.

The diagram indicates:

1. The jet engine with air intake from an additional high-pressure compressor.

2. A blade located at a negative sweep angle

.3. A blade located at a positive sweep angle

.

4. Supporting power blade.

5. The rotor shaft of the TPP electric generator.

6. Power plant TPP.

7. Propeller bushing.

8. Compressor station.

Thermal power plant operates as follows.

The uncompressed WFD (1) mounted on the ends of the blades (2) and (3), under the action of the reaction force of a gas jet emanating from the jet nozzle, rotates a propeller with a supersonic peripheral speed of the ends of the blades U = 500 ÷ 700 m / s.

At the same time, air with a pressure corresponding to a compression ratio of ≅ 200 is pumped through the hollow blades of the propeller through the hollow blades of the propeller (8) from the high pressure compressor of the stationary compressor station (8), which will provide a thermodynamic efficiency of the high pressure of 60% ÷ 70%.

The power developed by the WFD through the blades (2), (3) and (4) is transmitted to the hub of the propeller (7) and then to the shaft (5) of the rotor of the electric generator.

Claims (1)

A device for transmitting mechanical energy of a peripheral speed of a jet engine to an electric generator of a thermal power plant, comprising a propeller with blades located at an angle of sweep

with respect to the vector of the peripheral speed of the section of the blade

where

- angular speed of rotation of the screw,

- the radius of the cross section of the blade, and the angle of sweep

is the angle between the leading edge of the arrow-shaped blade and the plane perpendicular to the vector

moreover, jet engines are installed at the ends of the swept blades.

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