RU2382347C1 - Method of diagnosis of geometrical parametres of carrier of overhead travelling crane - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of diagnosis of technical state of processing equipment, overhead travelling cranes for restoration of their serviceability during repair process in particular. During diagnosis of geometrical parametres of carrier of overhead travelling cranes the following is performed: overhead travelling crane is shutdown, geodesic measuring equipment is installed on crane ways, they are oriented, basic directions are formed, wheel position of carrier in relation to formed basic directions is measured and position of travelling wheels is calculated. Initially limit states of crane are determined. Crane is shutdown during lock of limit-deformed state of its structural members. Geometrical parametres of crane structural members are analysed within limits of registered interval L with crane shutdown in intervals ΔL=L/n. Upon each shutdown of crane, form and mutual arrangement of main and end beams, main balance-beams, balance-beams and travelling wheels are controlled. Measurement results are processed and geometrical characteristics of crane bridge, i.e. its linear and angle dimensions, as well as angle of turn of crane axis with respect to crane ways axis are calculated. Based on calculated average parametres, recommendations for recovery of standard characteristics of crane carrier are developed.

EFFECT: obtainment of objective data concerning geometrical parametres of crane carrier.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of diagnostics of the technical condition of technological equipment, in particular overhead cranes to restore their operational suitability in the repair process.

A technical solution is known for diagnosing the geometric parameters of the running gear of overhead cranes, which consists in stopping the crane, measuring the position of the wheels of the running gear and calculating their relative position (Monitoring the geometric parameters of overhead cranes during operation // Interuniversity. Sat. Novosib. In - from engineer geod., aerial photography and cartography 1984, 22/62. p.111-115). The described technical solution does not provide objective information about the geometric parameters of the running gear of overhead cranes.

Closest to the claimed is a method for diagnosing the geometric parameters of the running gear of overhead cranes, which consists in stopping the crane, also installing geodetic measuring instruments on crane tracks, performing their orientation, forming, thus, basic directions and making measurements of the position of the wheels of the chassis parts relative to the formed basic directions and the calculation of the position of the running wheels (G.A.Shekhovtsov, Modern methods of geodetic control of the running gear and of bridge cranes: Monograph. - N. Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod. State Arch. - building. Un-t, 1999, 99-105 p.).

The described technical solution does not provide objective information about the geometric parameters of the running gear of overhead cranes. Due to the fact that in the presence of excess turns (skews) of the wheels allowed during installation, or if there is a negative combination of permissible turns (skews) during the movement of the crane, its running gear and the frame of the crane undergo continuous changes in geometric parameters. The stop of the crane, control of the location of its wheels in this position is characterized only by unique geometric parameters and does not describe maintainable geometry.

The task of the invention is the study of bridge cranes and obtaining objective information about the geometric parameters of their chassis.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a method for diagnosing geometric parameters of the running gear of bridge cranes, including stopping the crane, also installing geodetic measuring instruments on crane tracks, performing their orientation, forming, thus, basic directions and making measurements of the position of the wheels of the running gear relative to formed basic directions and the calculation of the position of the running wheels, while initially determine the limit state of the crane, for this geodetic means Ohm measurements, installed in the zone of the balancers, control the change in the geometric parameters of the crane frame and the relative position of the balancers and the driving wheels when rolling the crane in one of the directions along the tracks, while the crane is stopped at the moment of fixing the maximum-deformed state of its structural elements, fixing the limit state begin to move in the opposite direction until the registration of the opposite critically deformed state, fixing the two named positions, t study the geometric parameters of the structural elements of the crane within a given interval L with the crane stopping at intervals ΔL = L / n, at each stopping of the crane the shape and relative position of the main and end beams, main balancers, balancers and running wheels are controlled, when processing the measurement results first , for each stop of the crane, calculate the geometric characteristics of the crane bridge, that is, its linear and angular dimensions, as well as the angle of its rotation relative to the axis of the crane tracks, after that, for each stopping the crane, calculate the deviation from the axis of the crane tracks of the controlled points located on the edges of the running wheels and balancers, these results determine the distortions and radial run-out of the running wheels of the crane, as the final results characterizing the repair-suitable geometry of the crane, take the average value, then based on the calculated geometric mean parameters develop recommendations for restoring the regulatory characteristics of the crane chassis.

The proposed technical solution for the method of diagnosing the geometric parameters of the running gear of overhead cranes implements the theorem that the maintainable geometry of the bridge and running gear of the crane corresponds to its unstressed state. The actual geometric characteristics of the crane are described by the function

F _кi = ƒ _i ^k (x _i , y _i , z _i ) Т _i ,

or

F _ki = ƒ _o ^k (x _o , y _o , z _o ) + ƒ _m ^k (Δx, Δy, Δz) _m + ƒ _def ^k (δx _i , δy _i , δz _i ) _def ,

where ƒ _o ^k (x _o , у _о , z _о ) - design geometric parameters of the crane;

f _m ^to (Δx, Δy, Δz) _m - geometric errors in the position of the crane elements made during installation;

f _def ^to (δx _i , δу _i , δz _i ) _def - current deformation geometric characteristics of the crane.

The non-stressed state of the crane is characterized by a condition under which there are no deformations in its structural elements, i.e.

f _def ^to (δx _i , δу _i , δz _i ) _def = 0.

Then the actual geometry of the crane will be determined by the formula

F _ki = ƒ _о ^к (x _o , y _о , z ₀ ) + ƒ _m ^k (Δx, Δy, Δz) _m .

This includes all errors made both in the manufacture of structural elements and directly made during their assembly and installation of the crane, as well as non-standard gaps in the moving parts that determine their backlash. In the process of repair, defects in the geometry of the crane are eliminated exclusively by straightening the running gear of the crane, or compensating measures are implemented with the restoration of geometric conditions that ensure the operating conditions of the crane. Previously known technical solutions implement the conditions under which the particular geometric parameters of the cranes are determined, which characterize its original condition and are not suitable for developing proposals for repairs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where are given:

Figure 1 - diagram of the crane, a view from the end of the beam.

Figure 2 - diagram of the crane, top view.

To implement the method using theodolite 1 and rail 4, or an electronic total station 5 and reflector 6, while controlling the relative position of the main 7 and end beams 8, the main balancers 9, the balancers 2 and the running wheels 10 of the bridge cranes.

A method for diagnosing the geometric parameters of the running gear of bridge cranes is as follows: initially, the limit states of the cranes are determined, for example, using theodolite 1. To do this, install theodolite 1, for example, ZT5KP, in the balancing zone 2, orient it along rail 3 and roll the crane sequentially in two directions. When the crane moves in each direction, rail 4 is continuously observed (for example, aluminum telescopic TS-3) mounted on the balancer 2 horizontally and perpendicular to the direction of movement. When registering the total attenuation of changes in the samples, the movement of the crane is stopped. After counting on a scale of staff 4, which characterizes the limit state of the crane, they begin to move in the opposite direction until the opposite critical state is registered, or by an electronic total station 5 (for example, Elta-S6), for this, install the device in the balance zone 2, orient it along rail 3 and perform rolling the crane sequentially in two directions. When moving in the tracking mode, a reflector 6 is mounted mounted on the balancer 2. On the measured trajectory of the reflector 6 mounted on the balancer 2, the limit state of the crane is characterized. Having fixed one of the extreme positions T _{-, x the} crane is rolled in the opposite direction to its diametrically opposite critical state T '.

Having fixed the two named positions, we perform a geometry study within a given interval L with the crane stopping at some intervals ΔL = L / n. For example, n = 5.

At each stop of the crane control the relative position of the main 7 and end beams 8, the main balancers 9, the balancers 2 and the running wheels 10 relative to the axis of the rail track. The processing of the measurement results consists in the following: initially, at each stop of the crane, the geometric characteristics of the crane bridge are calculated, that is, its linear and angular dimensions, as well as the angle of rotation relative to the axis of the crane tracks. After that, at each stop of the crane, deviations from the axis of the crane tracks of the controlled points located on the edges of the running wheels 10 and the balancers 2 are calculated.

As the final results characterizing the non-stressed state of the crane, take the average value

,

,

where p is the total number of crane stops in the j-th experiment,

F _ki - geometric parameters of the K-th element in each i-th position of the crane,

F _kj is the average value of the geometric parameters of the Kth element in the jth experiment.

It is recommended for reliable study of cranes to determine F _kj at least five times (i.e. j = 5)

,

,

- среднее значение геометрических параметров K-тового элемента в К экспериментах.Where

- the average value of the geometric parameters of the K-th element in K experiments.

Provided

,

,

where Δ is the normalized value,

c ₀ - coefficient ensuring accuracy,

δ is the permissible technical deviation of the crane running wheels from their nominal position;

believe that the definition of geometry in the unstressed state of the crane is reliable.

разрабатывают рекомендации на восстановление нормативных характеристик ходовой части крана.Further based on the parameters

develop recommendations for the restoration of the regulatory characteristics of the running gear of the crane.

The proposed technical solution for the method of diagnosing the geometric parameters of the running gear of overhead cranes implements the theorem that the maintainable geometry of the bridge and running gear of the crane corresponds to its unstressed state. The actual geometric characteristics of the crane are described by the function

F _ki = ƒ _i ^k (x _i , y _i , z _i ) T _i ,

or

F _ki = ƒ _o ^k (x _o , y _o , z _a ) + ƒ _m ^k (Δx, Δy, Δz) _m + ƒ _def ^k (δx _i , δу _i , δz _i ) _def ,

where ƒ _о ^k (x _o , y _о , z _o ) - design geometric parameters of the crane;

ƒ _def ^k (Δx, Δy, Δz) _m - geometric errors in the position of the crane elements made during installation;

ƒ _def ^to (δx _i , δу _i , δz _i ) _def - current deformation geometric characteristics of the crane.

The non-stressed state of the crane is characterized by a condition under which there are no deformations in its structural elements, i.e.

ƒ _def ^to (δx _i , δy _i , δz _i ) _def = 0.

Then the actual geometry of the crane will be determined by the formula

F _ki = ƒ _o ^k (x _o , y _o , z _o ) + ƒ _m ^k (Δx, Δy, Δz) _m .

This includes all errors made both in the manufacture of structural elements, and directly made during their assembly and installation of the crane, as well as non-standard gaps in the moving parts that determine their backlash. In the process of repair, defects in the geometry of the crane are eliminated exclusively by straightening the running gear of the crane, or compensating measures are implemented with the restoration of geometric conditions that ensure the operating conditions of the crane. Previously known technical solutions implement the conditions under which the particular geometric parameters of the cranes are determined, which characterize its original condition and are not suitable for developing proposals for repairs.

Claims (1)

A method for diagnosing the geometric parameters of the running gear of bridge cranes, including stopping the crane, installing geodetic measuring instruments on crane tracks, orienting them, thus forming basic directions and taking measurements of the position of the wheels of the running gear relative to the formed basic directions and calculating the position of the running wheels, characterized in what initially determine the limit state of the crane, for this a geodetic measuring device installed in the balance zone rods, control the change in the geometric parameters of the crane frame and the relative position of the balancers and the running wheels when rolling the crane in one of the directions along the tracks, while the crane is stopped at the moment of fixing the maximum-deformed state of its structural elements, fixing the limit state, they begin to move in the opposite direction Before registering the opposite critically deformed state, fixing the two named positions, we study the geometric parameters in the structural elements of the crane within this interval L with the stop of the crane at intervals ΔL = L / n, at each stop of the crane control the shape and relative position of the main and end beams, main balancers, balancers and running wheels, when processing the measurement results first for each stop the crane calculates the geometric characteristics of the crane bridge, that is, its linear and angular dimensions, as well as the angle of rotation of the axis of the crane relative to the axis of the crane tracks, then for each stop of the crane calculate the deviation from the axis of the crane runways of the controlled points located on the edges of the running wheels and balancers, these results determine the distortions and radial run-outs of the running wheels of the crane, the average value is taken as the final results characterizing the maintainable geometry of the crane, then recommendations based on the calculated average parameters are developed for restoration of normative characteristics of the running gear of the crane.

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