RU2379551C2 - Torque moment creating method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: to cylindrical dielectric put through cylindrical electrode and electrical insulation on the shaft and having magnetic properties, there applied is constant magnetic and pulsating electric fields, the power lines of which in interaction zone are crossed so that occurring Ampere force is directed to one side tangentially relative to each cross section of dielectric, thus creating torque moment. As source of constant magnetic field there used is short-circuited high-temperature superconducting solenoid charged with constant electric current, and for creating pulsating electric field - two cylindrical electrically conducting electrodes axially enveloping dielectric and fed from pulsating voltage generator.

EFFECT: decreasing weight, overall dimensions and losses of energy for keeping torque moment.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of ensuring the movement of machines and mechanisms, such as vehicles.

A known method of producing traction (RF patent No. 2172865, class F03H 5/00, 08/27/2001, bull. No. 24), which consists in the fact that electrically isolated sources of electric and magnetic fields with connected sources of electric current are installed with the possibility of interaction these fields, characterized in that the source of the electric field is made in the form of metal plates mounted on two opposite sides of a flat or cylindrical core of magnetic dielectric material, a magnet is attached to it th field and in phase or in antiphase change the magnitude of the magnetic field and the rate of change of the electric field.

The disadvantages of the analogue. In this method, a magnetic field source generates high-frequency electromagnetic radiation around it, which acts on the metal conductive plates of the electric field source. As a result, eddy currents occur in them, which leads to additional heat losses, limits the power used, and reduces the effect of the magnetic field on the core. In addition, the configuration of the field sources used in this method makes it difficult to use this method to create torque.

There is a method of creating force and a device for creating force (RF patent 2287085, class F03H 5/00, 10.11.2006, bull. No. 31), which consists in the fact that an insulator having dielectric and magnetic properties is simultaneously exposed to alternating magnetic and alternating electric fields whose lines of force in the interaction zone are crossed. Fields change according to a harmonic law with a phase shift of the electric field relative to the magnetic field by a quarter of the period so that the Lorentz force resulting from the interaction of the fields is always directed in one direction. An inductor made in the form of an extended electrically conductive rod, in which an alternating electric current is generated, is used as a magnetic field source, and an electrode installed with the possibility of electromagnetic interaction with a magnetic field inductor, made in the form of an electrically conductive shell equidistant to the side surface of the inductor and an insulator with magnetic properties isolated from it. To create an electric field between the inductor and the electrode, an alternating voltage is applied to the electrode relative to the magnetic field inductor. Adopted for the prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype. In this method, an alternating bias current arising between the electrode and the inductor creates an alternating high-frequency magnetic field. When a high-frequency magnetic field acts on a metal inductor, eddy currents arise in it, which leads to additional heat loss. Eddy currents also occur in the inductor itself - the metal rod, since an alternating current is passed through it - the source of an alternating magnetic field. The second drawback is the receipt of weak magnetic fields when using conductors with direct current, and therefore small torques. In addition, the applied layout of field sources makes it difficult to create torque.

The technical result of the invention is a method of creating a torque that allows you to develop devices that differ from analogues in a high value of torque in relation to the mass and dimensions of the device, the simplicity of its creation, minimizing losses due to electromagnetic radiation and eddy currents and minimizing the energy costs of maintaining torque.

The technical result is achieved in that a dielectric having magnetic properties is continuously exposed to a constant magnetic field and periodically with a certain frequency - an electric field of one direction. The field lines in the interaction zone (in the dielectric) are crossed. The Lorentz forces resulting from the action of a magnetic field on a coupled electric charges in a dielectric moving in one direction (in accordance with a periodically applied electric field) are directed along the tangent to the sections of a cylindrical dielectric and create a torque. According to the invention, a short-circuited solenoid with a winding of a high-temperature superconducting material of a nitrogen level (77 K) is used as a constant magnetic field source. The superconducting solenoid does not require a continuous supply of electric current, since the electric current connected to it once from the power source circulates in it infinitely long if the temperature of the superconductor is not higher than critical (Tk = 77 K) [Bertinov AI, Alievsky B.L. , Ilyushin K.V. and other superconducting electrical machines and magnetic systems. Textbook for universities on special. "Electromechanics". Ed. Alievsky B.L. - M.: Publishing. MAI, 1993, 344 pp.]. To create a pulsating electric field in a dielectric, two cylindrical electrically conductive electrodes are used, axially covering a cylindrical dielectric, powered by a pulsating voltage generator of the same polarity, installed with the possibility of interaction with the magnetic field of the solenoid. One electrode is coaxially seated through electrical insulation on a metal shaft, and the second is also coaxially seated on a cylindrical dielectric, which in turn coaxially covers the first electrode.

The difference between the claimed method and the prototype is that the claimed method uses a constant magnetic field and a pulsating electric field in one direction, which eliminates the occurrence of eddy currents and the associated heat loss. In addition, in the claimed method uses an incomparably simpler scheme for creating torque.

An advantage of the claimed method is that it uses a short-circuited solenoid with a superconducting winding having zero resistance as a source of constant magnetic field, which makes it possible to increase the current generating a magnetic field by an order of magnitude and large torques. The invention is illustrated by drawings: Fig.1-3.

In figure 1, the numbers indicate: 1 - metal shaft; 2 - electrical insulation of the shaft from the electrode; 3 - the first electrically conductive cylindrical electrode; 4 - a cylindrical dielectric having magnetic properties; 5 - a second electrically conductive cylindrical electrode; 6 - air gap between the cylindrical dielectric and the solenoid; 7 - cryostat with liquid nitrogen; 8 - winding of a solenoid of high-temperature superconducting material; 9 - a generator of a pulsating unipolar voltage supplied to the electrodes 3 and 5; 10 - cryogenerator, maintaining the temperature of the nitrogen level in the cryostat (77 K).

Figure 2 indicates: B is the induction vector of a constant magnetic field of the solenoid; q is the bound charge in the dielectric; v is the velocity of motion of the bound charge q when applying to the electrodes 3 and 5 a pulsating voltage of one direction from the generator 9; Fl - the vector of the Lorentz force acting from the side of the magnetic field on the moving bound charge in the dielectric; L is the length of the cylindrical dielectric.

Figure 3 indicates: Fa is the Ampere force that results from all the Lorentz forces acting on the moving bound charges of the dielectric from the side of the constant magnetic field of the solenoid; Fa ^max - the maximum value of the Ampere force arising in the process of polarization of the dielectric; τ _p - relaxation time equal to the duration of the motion of the bound charges in the dielectric from the moment of supply of the external electric field to their equilibrium state; T is the period of supply of the electric field in one direction; Fa ^cp is the average value of the Ampere force acting on the dielectric and creating a torque.

The method is implemented as follows.

A short-circuited solenoid with a winding of a high-temperature superconducting material is used as a source of a constant magnetic field. Two electrodes are used to create a pulsating electric field in one direction. Both electrodes are made in the form of electrically conductive cylindrical shells. One electrode (3) through electrical insulation (2) is mounted on a shaft (1), which can rotate inside the solenoid. The geometric axis of the shaft coincides with the geometric axis of the solenoid (see Figure 1). This electrode (3) is isolated from the second electrode (5) by means of a cylindrical dielectric (4) located coaxially with the first and having magnetic properties, i.e. capable of passing a magnetic field from a solenoid. The second electrode (5) is coaxially mounted on a cylindrical dielectric (4) and isolated from the solenoid by means of an air gap (6).

The electrodes are periodically (with a certain frequency) a unipolar voltage from the generator (9), which creates a pulsating electric field of one direction between the electrodes. As a result of the action of this field on the dielectric (4) located between the electrodes (3) and (5), the latter (dielectric) is periodically polarized. This means that in the dielectric (4), in accordance with the applied electric field, there is a movement of coupled electric charges (polarization current) in one direction. The interaction of the constant magnetic field of the solenoid and charges of one direction periodically moving perpendicular to it leads to the appearance of periodically acting Ampere forces of the same direction on the cylindrical dielectric as the resultant Lorentz forces acting on separately taken electric charges. The time-averaged Ampere forces (Figure 3) act along the entire perimeter of each section of a cylindrical dielectric, creating a moment that drives the shaft with the dielectric mounted on it in rotation (see Figure 2).

To compensate for heat influxes (external — from the environment and internal — through the air gap from the rotating dielectric), a cryogenerator (10) is used to support the superconducting coil of the solenoid, which maintains the temperature of the nitrogen level in the cryostat (7) (in which the superconducting coil of the solenoid (8) is placed ( 77 K).

The invention provides large torques due to the possibility of creating large magnetic fields inside the superconducting solenoid at low energy costs to maintain them.

Claims (1)

The method of creating torque, which consists in the fact that a cylindrical dielectric, inserted through a cylindrical conductive electrode and electrical insulation on the shaft and having magnetic properties, is affected by constant magnetic and pulsating electric fields, the lines of force of which are crossed in the interaction zone so that the Ampere force arising as a result of the interaction of the fields, it is directed in one direction tangential to each cross section of a cylindrical dielectric, creating a torque about characterized in that a short-circuited high-temperature superconducting solenoid charged with electric direct current is used as a source of a constant magnetic field, and two cylindrical electrically conductive electrodes are used to create a pulsating electric field, axially covering a cylindrical dielectric, fed from a pulsating voltage generator.

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