RU2373763C2 - Method of making fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to animal husbandry particularly to fodder production. The substance of the invention is that the main fodder is given an additional complex composed of multienzyme product GUIMIZIM, at the rate of 1g per 1 kg of the fodder and colouring agent PONSO, at the rate of 1l of 0.2% solution per 100 kg of the fodder.

EFFECT: invention enables to increase productivity and livability of hens, greater egg- laying capacity as well as it results in obtaining less eggs with damaged shells.

1 dwg, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of livestock, in particular feeding, in order to increase the productivity of eggs in the direction of the egg (egg production, weight).

A significant role in the consumption of feed for birds is played by its color perception. Using a bird's vision analyzer, the degree of illumination and the color of objects, their size, shape, distance, mobility are determined. Possessing good vision, chickens are able to distinguish between colors, sizes, shape and number of objects, chickens are also able to distinguish different degrees of feed illumination intensity (V.F. Lysov, V.I. Maksimov, 2004).

In wildlife, a full range of shades is presented, so it is impossible to imagine life without color. A variety of “colors” constantly surrounds man and animals; color is part of their daily experience. This also applies to their eating habits. “Natural”, natural colors are pleasing to the eye, stimulating appetite and digestion, increasing the pleasure of eating. Therefore, it is no coincidence that dyes have been used throughout the world for centuries in cooking. The most widely distributed coloring materials, which by their chemical nature are flavonoid and carotenoid compounds, they are the basis of red, orange and yellow dyes.

All natural and some synthetic dyes can be used for coloring food products as an excitation of the taste center when added to human food and animal and bird feed.

Synthetic dyes have significant technological advantages over natural ones. They are less sensitive to processing and storage conditions and give bright, easily reproducible colors. Their cost is much lower than the cost of natural dyes, and production does not depend on seasonality. Without synthetic dyes, the current diversity and production of food would be significantly limited.

For each synthetic dye, there is the maximum allowable level of daily intake (DPS) in humans and animals, which are presented in the joint recommendations on food and agriculture of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (FAO / WHO), which is expressed in milligrams of dye per kilogram of mass body. The maximum content of dyes in the product should not exceed the standards established by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, namely 100 grams of synthetic dye per ton of product, which is safe for humans and animals. Food additives used in the Russian Federation include: colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavor and aroma enhancers, antiflamings and other substances. These organic compounds are not all soluble in water, some are soluble in fats or in alcohol, many form insoluble complexes (varnishes) with metal ions and in this form are used as pigments for coloring powdered products, dragees, tablets, chewing gum. The properties of dyes determine the possibility of their use in certain food products.

To date, the use of dyes in poultry farming in conjunction with dietary supplements has not been studied.

Ponceau 4R (crimson 4R (ponceau 4r) - synthetic azo dye, cochineal red A), (E124), (English new cocine, German, French ponceau 4R) - food supplement, belongs to the group of dyes used in the food industry. Allowed in Russia and Europe.

Solubility in water:

t = 20 ° C 140 g / l

t = 40 ° C 300 g / l

Empirical formula

C ₂₀ H ₁₁ N ₂ Na ₃ O ₁₀ S ₃

The objective of the invention is the combined use of the dye "PONSO" in combination with the multienzyme preparation "GIMIZIM", in the form of a complex designed to process concentrated feed, in order to increase the productivity of birds.

In view of the fact that birds have developed color vision, it is possible to use dyes together with food in order to make it attractive, which will ultimately lead to more complete eatability, and at the same time reduce feed costs per unit of production and increase the profitability of production.

The use of a dye complex in combination with a multi-enzyme preparation to increase the eatability and digestibility of feed has great advantages, because it can be used constantly, while it does not adversely affect the body of birds and their productivity (meat and egg), but rather contributes to its increase.

The complex consists of PONSO dye and GIMIZIM multienzyme preparation. GIMIZIM is produced by the Development of Economic Reforms Foundation (Kazan) and is intended for the enzymatic processing of concentrated feed outside the body. PONSO dye is a chemical compound belonging to the group of synthetic dyes used in the food industry.

GIMIZIM contains a complex of hydrolytic enzymes providing, under recommended conditions, a quick and deep breakdown of food nutrients into low molecular weight, easily digestible forms, a complex of antioxidants, an adsorbent and a preservative. The product is intended for the fermentation of concentrated feed.

The mechanism of action of the complex is based on improving the metabolic processes of the body of animals and birds, by increasing the eatability, on the one hand, (PONSO) and the assimilation of most of the hydrolyzed feed, on the other (GIMIZIM). All this, in turn, leads to an increase in the increase in live weight of birds, an earlier achievement by the birds of the egg-laying period, an increase in immunity, due to an increase in the synthesis of albumin and globulin, which results in an increase in the safety of the poultry head, which was found out during the experiments.

To prepare the complex, enameled, plastic, glassware or stainless steel utensils are used. Dishes should be clean.

Feed preparation procedure:

1. Pour 600 liters of temperature water per 1 ton of feed into the feed hopper.

2. Dissolve the drug "GIMIZIM" in 5-10 l of warm water (20-40 ° C) at the rate of 1 kg of the drug per 1000 kg of grain to be processed;

3. Dissolve the PONSO dye powder at the rate of 20 g per 10 l of water (1 l per 100 kg of feed);

4. Add both dissolved formulations to the feed mixer and mix;

5. Pour compound feed into the feed mixer;

6. Stir until a homogeneous bulk mixture;

7. Leave to ripen for 1-2 hours.

The degree of acute toxicity of the dye "PONSO" was evaluated in white rats. The stimulating effect and the effect on the productivity of poultry of the GIMIZIM + PONSO complex was evaluated on hens - laying hens of the Loman Brown cross. Observation of the animals was carried out throughout the experiment, which amounted to 150 days.

Example 1

Acute oral toxicity "PONSO" was performed on 30 white outbred rats weighing 180-220 g in vivarium KGAVM.

Rats were divided into 5 experimental groups, 6 animals each.

Before the start of the experiments, the rats were weighed and the amount of “PONSO” was set in mg / kg body weight. Before the introduction of the dye, it was mixed with water (t = 40 ° C) in an amount of 4 ml, thereby obtaining a suspension. The resulting suspension was once administered orally with a syringe with a needle having an olive in the end. The drug was given on an empty stomach. Calculation of the average toxic dose was carried out according to the Kerber method.

During the experiments, the feeding and keeping conditions were maintained in accordance with existing zootechnical standards.

1. Experimental data on the determination of acute toxicity "PONSO" for white rats.

Dose mg / kg Number of animals Z D Z * D Total fell survived 600 6 0 6 800 6 one 5 0.5 200 one hundred 1000 6 3 3 2 200 400 1200 6 four 2 3,5 200 700 1400 6 6 0 5 200 1000

E = 2200

LD ₅₀ = 1400-2200 / 6 = 1033 mg / kg

With the introduction of PONSO in a dose of 600 mg to rats, no abnormalities were observed in the behavior of animals, only excrement acquired the characteristic red color of PONSO. After a dose of 800 mg was administered after 4 hours, three rats showed signs of intoxication: vomiting with a characteristic red color of the vomit. After 48 hours, one rat fell, the rest after 4-6 hours began to take water and food. Signs of intoxication after administration of a dose of 1000 mg appeared after 2 hours and 30 minutes in the form of fever, sweating, disheveled, 4 had vomiting and diarrhea with discharge, colored in the color of the dye "PONSO". After 16-20 hours after the introduction of 3 rats fell. At a dose of 1200 mg, signs of intoxication reached a maximum after 1.5 hours. In rats, vomiting, diarrhea of a characteristic color of the dye was noted. After 12-18 hours, 4 rats fell.

After a dose of 1400 mg was administered, all animals fell in the first 5-6 hours, which showed pronounced signs of intoxication, which began after 20 minutes after administration and were accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Rats hid a muzzle between their legs. In all groups, redness of the ears and paws was noted, which was noticeable one hour after administration.

Pathological autopsy of dead rats revealed venous congestion, spot hemorrhages in the stomach and intestines, pulmonary edema, pronounced changes in the kidneys in the form of necrotizing nephritis and smoothness between the cortical and brain layers of the kidneys.

Toxicological studies of the “PONSO” preparation with the determination of an acute average toxic dose of 1033 mg / kg on white rats have established that this dye, according to GOST 12.1.007.76, belongs to the 3rd class of chemicals according to the degree of danger, and low-toxic compounds according to the hygienic classification.

Example 2

To conduct an experiment to study the preference of colored food with various dyes, a group of chickens was grouped, in the amount of 10 goals and 10 days of age. Throughout the experiment (150 days), the cell content of birds was used. The feeder used was divided into sections according to the number of feeds dyed. In each section was placed the feed treated with a specific dye.

In the experiment, 5 different dyes were used (color Lemon E102 / lemon dye; Ponceau 4R (crimson 4R (ponceau 4r) - synthetic azo dye, cochineal red A), (E124); color Blue E131 / dye Blue; color Orange E110, E124 / dye Orange; color Lemon E102 / dye Lemon; color Blue E 131 / dye Blue + color Lemon E 102 / dye Lemon = dye green) with one type of feed and one type of feed was used in kind. Dyes were mixed with food, then laid out in sections of the feeder.

From the moment of feeding the food, the number of pecks was calculated in 10 minutes, as well as the completeness of the food intake.

So in the course of the experiment, we found out that until 2 months of age, the studied birds do not prefer any color of the dye. It should be noted that during the whole experiment the chickens did not perceive the blue color, i.e. the number of pecks of this feed was minimal, which is consistent with published data.

At the age of 70-75 days, they noticed that the experimental birds began to give preference to food colored in the dye "PONSO" (red), but they also did not perceive the blue color (see drawing).

An analysis of the data (drawing) showed that in 1 and 2 months of research, chickens give preference to natural food, but already in the third month (70-75 days of research), chickens gave preference to food stained with PONSO dye.

Thus, based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the preparation of chicken feed from 70-75 days of age, characterized in that the PONSO dye is added to the main diet of the feed at the rate of 1 liter of 0.2% solution per 100 kg of feed, contributes to an increase in its consumption, since, apparently, from this age there is an exacerbation of the color perception of chickens.

Example 3

The study of the method of preparation of feed, characterized in that the main diet of chickens is additionally introduced a complex consisting of a multi-enzyme preparation "GIMIZIM" at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of feed and dye "PONSO" at the rate of 1 l of 0.2% solution per 100 kg of feed .

Studies were carried out according to the following scheme:

Group 1 (control) - The main diet (the food was asked in a dry form);

Group 2 (experience) - Main diet + "GIMIZIM" at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of feed (the feed was set in dry form);

Group 3 (experience) - Main diet + "GIMIZIM" at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of feed + PONSO dye at the rate of 1 l of a 0.2% solution per 100 kg of feed.

Birds were kept in single-tier batteries with 3-4 heads per cage. The duration of the experiment was 3 months. The number of birds, 20 weeks old, was: 1 group (control) - 764, second (experience) - 752 and third (experience) - 762.

During the entire period of the experiment, the beginning of egg laying, bird weight, number and quality of eggs were taken into account in the first three days of each month, for which control cells with a total of 100 animals in each experimental group were isolated.

The studies revealed a positive effect from the introduction into the diet of chickens of the complex consisting of the polyenzyme preparation GIMIZIM at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of feed and PONSO dye at the rate of 1 l of a 0.2% solution per 100 kg of feed, which resulted in an increase live weight of birds (1 group (control - OR) - 1747 g, second (experience - OR + "GIMIZIM") - 1888 g and third (experience - OR + "GIMIZIM" + "PONSO") - 2119 g), the safety of the livestock (1 group - 88%, the second - 92% and the third - 100%) and an increase in egg production (1 group - 88%, the second - 91% and the third - 93.5%).

For the entire period of the experiment (150 days), the gross collection of eggs from laying hens in the 1st group (control) amounted to 2003, in the second (experiment) 2109 and the third (experiment) 2328 pieces, and the total weight of the egg mass - 115.67 kg, 130 23 kg and 143.91 kg, respectively. It is necessary to note the positive effect of the studied complex on the quality of eggs, so the thickness of the eggshell in the second experimental group was 32.5 microns and the third experimental - 32.7 microns compared to 29.4 microns in the control, which contributed to a decrease in the number of eggs with damaged shells in experimental groups.

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the additional introduction to the main diet of chickens of the complex consisting of the polyenzyme preparation GIMIZIM at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of feed and the dye PONSO at the rate of 1 liter of a 0.2% solution per 100 kg of feed has a positive effect, which consists in increasing the productivity of chickens, enhancing the growth of live weight, increasing the safety of the poultry head, increasing egg production, increasing egg mass, as well as reducing eggs with damaged shells.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing food for chickens from 75 days of age, characterized in that an additional complex consisting of the multi-enzyme preparation “GIMIZIM” is added to the main diet of the feed at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of feed and the dye “PONSO” at the rate of 1 l 0.2 % solution per 100 kg of feed.

Images