RU2373342C2 - Package for packing of dry construction mixes, construction element and method of their application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: inventions are related to the field of construction and may be used in enterprises making construction materials, and also in individual and industrial construction in erection of walls and foundations, and also in arrangement of dams, coffer dams, fortification structures, etc., especially in emergency conditions. Package for packing of dry construction mixes, comprising shell and insert. Shell is made as moisture-proof, and insert - as moisture-permeable, at the same time insert is made with the possibility to take shape of rectangular parallelepiped when filled, ribs of which are preliminarily marked, and one of insert facets has a marking modular grid. Also construction element is described, as well as method for application of construction materials.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of construction due to expansion of functional and technological resources of flexible construction elements.

4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in enterprises for the production of building materials, as well as in individual and industrial construction for the construction of walls and foundations, as well as in the construction of dams, lintels, fortifications, etc., especially in emergency situations.

As you know, the masonry technology involves the use of building elements (products) in the form of ready-to-use bricks and stones, laid in a certain order and fastened together by a mortar. At the same time, bricks and stones have dimensions corresponding to one or another type of product: ordinary (single), enlarged or modular.

Known packaging for packing aggregate, mainly fly ash, containing a shell in the form of a woven gabion of textile fiber [Japanese Application No. 62-185913, class. E02D 3/02, 3/00, 27/34, 1987].

The disadvantage of this container is the moisture permeability of the shell, which does not allow it to be used as intended if used together with cement aggregate.

Known packaging made in the form of a container, mainly for dry mix, containing a shell of a porous material [US Patent No. 3922832, class. EB04 1/04, 1/48, 2/06, 1975].

The disadvantage of this container is the same as in the previous case.

Known packaging for packaging earth, made in the form of a bag of polypropylene fabric [Dugout of the XXI century. - Science and life, 2006, No. 4, p.23].

This packaging, taken as a prototype, has the disadvantage that it cannot be used for packaging dry construction mixtures due to the moisture permeability of the shell.

Known flexible building element made in the form of a package containing fly ash packed in textile gabion from textile fiber [Japanese Application No. 62-185913, class. E02D 3/02, 3/00, 27/34, 1987].

This element, due to the moisture permeability of the shell, cannot be stored until its use due to water absorption and hardening.

Known flexible building element made in the form of a package containing a dry building mixture packed in a container of porous material [US Patent No. 3922832, class. EB04 1/04, 1/48, 2/06, 1975].

The disadvantage of this element is the same as in the previous case.

Known flexible building element made in the form of a package containing the earth packed in a container of polypropylene [Dugouts of the XXI century.- Science and Life, 2006, No. 4, p.23].

The disadvantage of this element, taken as a prototype, is that it does not provide clear contours of the row during installation during the construction of walls.

A known method of using flexible building elements, including laying them in the form of woven gabions of textile fiber, filled with fly ash, at predetermined intervals from each other, wetting the aggregate with its adhesion with the aggregate of neighboring blocks on the contact surface and curing it with the formation of a single flexible mat [ Japanese Application No. 62-185913, CL E02D 3/02, 3/00, 27/34, 1987].

The mat obtained by this method is lightweight and high strength and can be used in the construction of foundations of structures, but the moisture permeability of the element eliminates the possibility of its long storage.

There is a method of erecting a monolithic wall of a building using hardened modules placed in bags, including laying flexible building elements from porous containers with the dry building mixture placed in rows one on top of the other, moistening the containers through their walls, hardening the dry building mixture, and then onto the open side the sides of the elements are applied with layers of finishing material [US Patent No. 3922832, cl. EB04 1/04, 1/48, 2/08, 1975].

With this method, a layer of finishing material under pressure penetrates into the pores of the containers and sticks together with the mixture placed inside the container, forming a single monolithic structure.

The disadvantage is that it is impossible to ensure long-term storage of containers before use.

There is a method of erecting a house, involving the use of ground-filled bags as flexible building elements, in which the neck of the bag is wrapped and sewn with metal staples, and after laying the bags in rows on top of each row, two stitches of barbed wire are laid [Zemlanka of the 21st century. - Science and life, 2006, No. 4. - p.23].

Houses built using the method are inexpensive, fire resistant, not afraid of rot and termites, have high thermal inertia.

The disadvantage of the method taken as a prototype is that the walls do not withstand the shape and size, which requires the use of formwork, and because of the low resistance to moisture, bags must be filled immediately before they are laid.

The task to which the claimed inventions are directed is to increase the construction efficiency achieved by expanding the functional and technological capabilities of flexible building elements.

This problem is solved in that in a container for packaging dry construction mixtures containing a shell and a liner, the shell is made moisture-proof and the liner is moisture-permeable, while the liner is made with the possibility of filling in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the edges of which are previously marked, and one of the faces the insert is made with a marking modular grid.

The manufacture of a moisture-proof casing allows the use of containers for packaging dry building mixes (CCC) with a metered amount of cement, which makes it possible to store packages for a sufficiently long time without curing of the CCC.

The manufacture of a moisture-permeable liner allows you to expand its functionality by using the liner as a forming element in the process of erecting walls.

The implementation of the liner with the ability to take in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped in shape provides it with geometric parameters that are consistent with the standardized dimensions of rigid building elements (bricks, blocks, etc.), which allows you to use them together in the construction process

The preliminary designation of the ribs of the parallelepiped allows during the construction process to quickly lay the building elements in a series of their own kind (as when laying, for example, bricks).

The implementation of one of the faces of the liner with a marking modular grid ensures the accuracy of masonry and eliminates the coincidence of fastening elements used in a vertical position.

This problem is also solved by the fact that in a building element made in the form of a package containing a dry building mixture hermetically sealed in containers, the container is made in accordance with claim 1 and with dimensions that are multiples of the dimensions of standard building elements, while the liner is made with the possibility of using him as a reinforcing element.

The implementation of containers in accordance with claim 1 provides the advantages described above.

The implementation of containers with dimensions that are multiples of the dimensions of standard building elements provides for the laying of walls using well-known techniques and in conjunction with other building elements, for example, with hard ones: bricks, blocks, etc.

The implementation of the liner with the possibility of using it as a reinforcing element provides, along with reinforcing properties that increase the strength of the element, as well as properties that improve the adhesion of the plaster layer to the element itself.

This problem is also solved by the fact that in the method of using building elements, including stacking them in rows in accordance with a predetermined wall shaping program, fixing the underlying and overlying rows among themselves, moistening these elements and hardening, elements that use made in accordance with paragraph 2, fixing the underlying and overlying rows between themselves is performed using metal pins in the form of perforated tubes that are inserted vertically with predetermined frequency by clogging them through the elements.

Before laying the overlying row, the surface of the underlying row can be glued.

Use in the construction of walls of building elements, which are made in accordance with paragraph 2, provides the advantages described above.

Fixing the underlying and overlying rows with each other using metal pins provides an increase in the vertical stability of the walls, and the use of perforated tubes as pins allows you to humidify the dry building mixture in the container of the building element through these pipes.

The introduction of the dowels vertically with a given frequency allows you to get their even distribution in a row, clogging the dowels through the elements simplifies the procedure for fixing the rows.

Gluing before laying the overlying row enhances the strength of the walls and simplifies their shaping.

Figure 1 shows a container for packaging dry construction mixtures, side view.

figure 2 is the same, a top view (in plan).

figure 3 is the same with a perforated liner.

figure 4 is the same with a mesh insert.

figure 5 is a building element, side view with a partially removed side part of the shell.

figure 6 is the same, a top view with partially removed lateral parts of the shell.

7 is a fragment of a wall being constructed using building elements.

Fig.8 is a fragment of the wall in Fig.7, a view in plan.

The CCC packaging container contains a shell 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) made of a moisture-proof material, such as polyethylene, a moisture-permeable liner 2, made, for example, perforated (FIG. 3) or mesh (FIG. 4) from polymeric or woven materials, at the same time, ribs 3 are indicated in the insert during its manufacture, which form a contour having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

On a liner 2, on one of its faces, a marking modular grid 4 is applied, which is a series of transverse and longitudinal lines parallel to each other and forming squares when they intersect, designed to mark them - pointers 5 for points of insertion of fastening elements when using containers with filled with CCC during the construction process.

The size of the squares of a rectangular grid 4, their number and location are set based on the size of the containers, options for its technological use (in the construction of foundations, load-bearing walls, etc.), as well as laying methods.

A container for packaging dry construction mixtures is used as follows.

In the shell 1 of the container with the insert 2 inserted into it, a dry building mixture is loaded, including cement, after which the container is hermetically sealed. Containers with dry mortar placed in it can be packaged, stored and transported, like all other types of containers.

When used as a building element, a container with CCC after laying in a row of its own kind forms two side surfaces facing the outer and inner parts of the wall, as well as one upper surface, and during installation this surface should be with a modular grid grid.

During the construction of foundations and walls, the shell is removed, and when laying the waterproofing layer, the shell is left.

The building element is made in the form of a package containing a packaged hermetically dry building mixture in a container (FIGS. 5 and 6), comprising a shell 1 of a moisture-proof material, for example polyethylene, an insert 2 of perforated material or a mesh, the insert being made with pre-marked ribs 3 placed at the contact of the surfaces of the rectangular box in the form of which the liner is made.

The container has dimensions that are multiples of the dimensions of standard building elements.

The building element is used as follows.

Before starting the construction of the object, in accordance with the plan for laying construction elements, a calculation is made according to which the number of full, half and quarter elements that must be used, for example, in one row is determined.

Depending on the purpose of the building element, the shell is either removed during installation, for example, walls or left. In the latter case, the shell with the liner is used in the formation of the waterproofing layer. In this case, all surfaces of the shell are left either whole, or after laying the building element in a series of similar ones, the shell 1 is torn on one side and a part of this shell in the form of a tape 6 is torn from the sides facing the front surfaces of the walls formed from building elements.

The exposed surfaces in this case are parts of the surface of the liners 2, which, depending on the wall design program, may remain in the same form or may be plastered.

The method of using building elements is as follows.

On the underlying row 7 (Fig.7), composed of building elements, lay the overlying row 8 of similar elements. After aligning the row and checking the horizontal position of them in the overlying row, the pins 9 are driven in such a way that they are enough to pierce the underlying row 7. After fixing the rows between themselves, the dry building mixture is moistened by supplying water to the inner space of the pins through holes in them. Before laying the overlying row, the surface of the underlying row can be moistened with a spray gun or coated with adhesive.

When implementing the method, the following options for using building elements are possible:

- the elements in the rows are left in the shell if the shell material is used to form a waterproofing;

- partially tearing along the vertical and upper horizontal planes of the shell parts. In this case, the lower part of the shell forms a horizontal waterproof layer.

- only loose leaves with the dry building mixture in it are laid in a row. The shell of the building element is removed before laying the liner, and the spill that remains in the shell is shaken off onto the upper surface of the laid liner. After clogging the dowels and wetting, the wall is monolithic due to the mutual penetration of fillers and a binder from the elements entering into mutual contact.

- texture of the side surfaces of the elements facing the front surface of the wall, by pressing stamps into them to obtain prints.

Claims (4)

1. A container for packaging dry construction mixtures, comprising a shell and a liner, characterized in that the shell is made moisture-proof and the liner is moisture-permeable, while the liner is made with the possibility to take in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the edges of which are previously marked, and one of the faces the insert is made with a marking modular grid. 2. A building element made in the form of a package containing a dry building mixture packaged hermetically in a container, characterized in that the container is made in accordance with claim 1 and with dimensions that are multiples of the dimensions of standard building elements, while the liner is made with the possibility of using it in as a reinforcing element. 3. The method of using building elements, including stacking them in rows in accordance with a given program of wall shaping, fixing the underlying and overlying rows with each other, moistening these elements and hardening, characterized in that as building elements use elements that are made in accordance with clause 2, fixing the underlying and overlying rows between themselves is performed using metal pins in the form of perforated tubes that are inserted vertically from a given period wildlife by clogging through the elements. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that before laying the overlying row, the surface of the underlying row is glued.

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