RU2371767C2 - System for carrying out financial non-cash operations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technologies.

SUBSTANCE: system consists of data input of the carried out operation and PIN-code input keyboards, central processing unit, the first and the second modems, connection, wireless communication device, identification unit, processing centre, and a banking or lending institution. Wireless communication device and modems contain carrier frequency synthesiser, phase manipulator, digital scrambler, the first mixer, frequency synthesiser of the first heterodyne oscillator, amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, the first power amplifier, duplexer, transceiving antenna, the second power amplifier, the second mixer, frequency synthesiser of the second heterodyne oscillator, amplifier of the second intermediate frequency, multiplier, bandpass filter, phase detector, digital descrambler, synchroniser and generator of pseudorandom sequence.

EFFECT: increasing interference resistance, accuracy and security of the transmitted information in conditions of interferences, multi-beam radio-wave transmission.

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Description

The proposed system relates to the field of computer technology, in particular to its use for conducting payment transactions in financial systems of non-cash payments, specifically to non-cash payment systems using the transmission of information using wireless means of communication.

Known devices (systems) for providing non-cash financial transactions (RF patents No. 2124231, 2162245, 2216773, 2263962; US patents No. 5465206, 5999773 and others).

Of the known devices (systems) closest to the proposed one is the "System for conducting non-cash financial transactions" (RF patent No. 2.263.962, G06F 17/60, 2004), which is selected as the base.

The specified system provides increased reliability of protection of the transmitted information from unauthorized access by using complex signals with phase shift keying and duplex radio communication at two frequencies.

However, in the conditions of organized and unintentional interference, multipath propagation of radio waves, reliable protection of the transmitted information causes certain difficulties.

To a certain extent, the problem of ensuring high reliability of the transmitted information can be solved by applying the method of expanding the spectrum of the used PSK signals by pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency (MFC).

An object of the invention is to increase the noise immunity, reliability and secrecy of the transmitted information in the conditions of organized and unintentional interference, multipath propagation of radio waves by pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency of the complex signals with phase shift keying.

The problem is solved in that in a system for conducting non-cash financial transactions, comprising at least one input / output device for information, containing at least a keyboard for entering data of the operation, a keyboard for entering a PIN code, an output reporting device confirming and fixing the operations performed, and the first modem connected to the central processor having a program for storing the seller’s identification data, processing the data of the operations performed, and generating a request in processing center and providing activation of the first modem, a connection node of the first modem with a wireless communication device configured to connect to a common wireless communication network for the used wireless communication devices, with an identification block of used wireless communication devices included therein for transmitting a signal to the banking and credit network institutions through sequentially located and interconnected second modem and processing center that processes each incoming request, forms the answer for the input-output device and providing control of the network of banking and credit institutions, while the wireless device is a personal wireless device of the client having an individual identifier, the connection node of the first modem with the wireless device is configured to connect to the used personal wireless device the client, the identification unit of the used personal wireless devices is connected to an additional unit, providing which determines the receipt of the call signal of the processing center and the transmission of the identification code of the client’s personal wireless device to the processing center connected to the second modem, the wireless device and each modem are made in the form of series-connected phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected through a digital scrambler to the source of discrete messages , the first mixer, the amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, the first power amplifier, duplexer, the input-output of which It is connected to a transceiver antenna, a second power amplifier, a second mixer, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a multiplier, a bandpass filter, a phase detector and a digital descrambler, the output of which is the output of the device, differs from the closest analogue in that each modem is equipped with a synchronizer, a pseudo-random sequence generator, a carrier frequency synthesizer, a frequency synthesizer of the first local oscillator and a frequency synthesizer of the second local oscillator, and to the synchronizer output, sequentially a pseudo-random sequence generator and a carrier frequency synthesizer are connected, the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase manipulator, the second input of the first mixer through the frequency synthesizer of the first local oscillator is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, the second input of the second mixer through the frequency synthesizer of the second local oscillator is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, the second input of the multiplier is connected to the output of the frequency synthesizer of the first local oscillator, the second input of the phase de projector of connected to the output of the frequency synthesizer of the second local oscillator.

The structural diagram of the proposed system for making payments is presented in figure 1. The structural diagrams of the wireless communication device, the first and second modems are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. A frequency diagram explaining the signal conversion process is shown in FIG. 4. Timing diagrams explaining the principle of operation of duplex radio communications are depicted in figure 5. A fragment of the time-frequency matrix is shown in Fig.6.

The input-output device comprises a keyboard 1 for inputting data of the operation being performed, a keyboard 2 for inputting a PIN code, and a first modem 5 connected to the corresponding inputs of the central processor 4, an output communicating device 3, a node 6 for connecting the first modem 5 to the wireless communication device 7 (UBS) customer. The Central processor 4 corresponding outputs connected to the input of the output reporting device 3, containing, for example, a display and a printer, as well as the input of the first modem 5 for transmitting the processed information. The first modem 5 is also connected by an input and an output to a node 6 connecting it to a wireless communication device 7.

An input and output wireless device 7 is connected to the identification block 8 of the used UBS and to an additional unit 9, the input of which is also connected to the output of the unit 8. The input and output unit 9 is connected to the second modem 10, the input-output of which is connected to the processing center 11, and the input-output of this center - with the input-output of a banking or credit institution 12.

The wireless communication device 7 and the first 5 (second 10) modem contain a synchronized synchronizer 30.1 (30.2), a pseudo-random sequence generator 31.1 (31.2), a carrier frequency synthesizer 13.1 (13.2), a phase manipulator 14.1 (14.2), the second input of which is via a digital scrambler 15.1 (15.2) is connected to the source of discrete messages, the first mixer 16.1 (16.2), the second input of which is connected through the synthesizer 17.1 (17.2) to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 31.1 (31.2), the first intermediate frequency amplifier 18.1 (18.2), the first amplifier 19.1 ( 19 .2) power, duplexer 20.1 (20.2), the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna 21.1 (21.2), the second power amplifier 22.1 (22.2), the second mixer 23.1 (23.2), the second input of which is through the synthesizer 24.1 (24.2) of the second frequencies the local oscillator is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 31.1 (31.2), the second intermediate frequency amplifier 25.1 (25.2), the multiplier 26.1 (26.2), the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator synthesizer 17.1 (17.2), the bandpass filter 27.1 (27.2), phase detector 28.1 (28.2), the second input of which is connected to the output a synthesizer 24.1 (24.2) of the frequencies of the second local oscillator and a digital descrambler 29.1 (29.2), the output of which is the output of the device.

The scheme works as follows. A client with a cell phone or personal radio station 7 enters into an agreement with a bank or credit institution (BKU) 12 to open an account for servicing payment transactions. At the same time, BKU 12, processing center 11, trade and service institutions (in which information input / output devices are located) - participants of the cashless payments system should also have contractual relations between themselves.

When contacting a trade or service institution, a client-participant of the system selects the necessary product or service and informs the seller who, on the input-output device, generates a request to the processing center 11 - data on the purchased product (service), cost, quantity, etc. The client communicates with the processing center 11 using a personal wireless communication device 7, while the identification number 8 determines the individual number of the client’s personal wireless communication device, verifies that it belongs to the client serviced by this particular identification unit.

In this case, the synchronizer 30.1 includes a pseudo-random sequence generator (PSS) 31.1, which controls the switching of the carrier frequencies of the carrier frequency synthesizer 13.1. At the output of the latter, a grid of high-frequency oscillations of various operating frequencies is formed sequentially in time:

,

,

.....................

where V _i , w _i , φ _i , t _c - amplitude, carrier frequency, floor phase and duration of the i-th high-frequency oscillation I = 1, 2, ..., M;

M is the number of frequency channels;

T _c - signal duration;

τ _e - the duration of the elementary premises (characters) (Fig.6).

Figure 5, a shows i-oe high-frequency oscillation.

These high-frequency oscillations at different carrier frequencies sequentially in time arrive at the first input of the phase manipulator 14.1, the second input of which is supplied with a modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b) from the output of the digital scrambler 15.1. The input of the latter is connected to a source of discrete messages, which can serve as a keyboard 1 for entering data and a keyboard 2 for entering a PIN code.

The time interval between frequency switching forms the duration of the frequency element (or period) and characterizes the operating time at one carrier frequency t _c (Fig.6).

Depending on the ratio of the operating time at one carrier frequency t _c and the duration τ _{e of} information symbols, the pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency (PFRCH) can be divided into intersymbol, character and character.

2, передаются на одной несущей частоте, при этом t_c=n·τ_э. Каждый частотный канал занимает полосу частот Δw₁. Расширенный спектр Δw_c сигнала определяется величиной Δw_с=M·Δw₁. В качестве примера n выбрано равным 4. При этом квадратами с различной наклонной штриховкой обозначены различные информационные символы {+1,-1} с различными фазами {0, π} (фиг.6).With intersymbol hopping, n information symbols, n

2 are transmitted on one carrier frequency, with t _c = n · τ _e . Each frequency channel occupies the frequency band Δw ₁ . The expanded spectrum Δw _{c of the} signal is determined by the value Δw _c = M · Δw ₁ . As an example, n is chosen equal to 4. In this case, squares with different oblique shading indicate different information symbols {+ 1, -1} with different phases {0, π} (Fig.6).

At the output of the phase manipulator 14.1, a complex signal with phase shift keying (PSK) is generated (Fig. 5, c)

π - манипулируемая составляющая фазы, отображающая закон фазовой манипуляции в соответствии с модулирующим кодом M₁(t), причем φ_kl(t)=const, при этом

и может изменяться скачком при t=К·τ_э, т.е. на границах между элементарными посылками (К=1, 2, … N-1);Where

π is the manipulated component of the phase that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t), and φ _kl (t) = const, while

and can change abruptly at t = K · τ _e , i.e. at the boundaries between elementary premises (K = 1, 2, ... N-1);

который поступает на первый вход смесителя 16.1, на второй вход которого подаются напряжения синтезатора 17.1 частот первого гетеродина:τ _e , N ₁ - the duration and number of chips that make up the signal duration

which goes to the first input of the mixer 16.1, the second input of which is fed to the voltage of the frequency synthesizer 17.1 of the first local oscillator:

which are formed sequentially in time using a pseudo-random sequence generator 31.1.

At the output of the mixer 16.1, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 18.1 is allocated the voltage of the first intermediate (total) frequency (figure 5, g)

where V _prli = 1 / 2K ₁ · V ₁ · V _g1i ;

To ₁ - gear ratio of the mixer;

W _prli = w _i + w _gli - the first intermediate (total) frequency;

This voltage after amplification in the amplifier 19.1 through the duplexer 20.1 is radiated by the transceiver antenna 21.1 at a frequency w _li = W _prli , it is captured by the transceiver antenna 21.2 of the second modem 10 and fed through the power amplifier 22.2 to the first input of the mixer 23.2. The second input of the mixer 23.2 is supplied with voltage U _{g1i of the} synthesizer 24.2 of the frequencies of the second local oscillator. At the output of the mixer 23.2, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 25.2 stands out the voltage of the second intermediate (differential) frequency (figure 5, c):

where V _pr2i = 1 / 2K ₁ · V _pr1i · V _g1i

w _pr2i = w _pr1i -w _g1i is the second intermediate (difference) frequency;

φ _pr2i = φ _pr1i -φ _g1i ,

which goes to the first input of the multiplier 26.2, the second input of which is fed to the voltage of the synthesizer 17.2 frequencies of the first local oscillator:

At the output of the multiplier 26.2 voltage is formed

Where

K ₂ - transfer coefficient of the multiplier,

which is allocated by the band-pass filter 27.2 and fed to the information input of the phase detector 28.2, to the reference input of which voltage U _g1i (t) of the frequency synthesizer 24.2 of the second local oscillator is supplied. The output of the phase detector 28.2 allocated low-frequency voltage (Fig.5, d)

;Where

;

K ₃ - the transfer coefficient of the phase detector,

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b).

This voltage through the digital descrambler 29.2 enters the processing center 11, where it is determined whether the used wireless communication device 7 is a participant in payment transactions in this system of contractual relations.

If the verification result is negative, the connection is broken, when the registration of the client as a participant in the system is confirmed, an invitation signal to enter the PIN code is transmitted to UBS 7.

For this, the synthesizer 13.2 carrier frequencies of the second modem 10 generates harmonic oscillations (Fig.5, e)

one of which at the given moment is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 14.2, the second input of which is supplied with the modulating code M ₂ (t) (Fig. 5, g) from the output of the digital scrambler 15.2. At the output of the phase manipulator 14.2, a complex signal with phase shift keying (QPSK) is generated (Fig. 5, h)

which is fed to the first input of the mixer 16.2, the second input of which is supplied with voltage U _g2i (t) of the frequency synthesizer of the first local oscillator. At the output of the mixer 16.2, a voltage of combination frequencies is generated. The amplifier 18.2 is allocated the voltage of the intermediate (differential) frequency (figure 5, and)

Where

This voltage after amplification in the power amplifier 19.2 through the duplexer 20.2 is radiated by the transceiver antenna 21.2 at a frequency w _2i on the air, captured by the transceiver antenna 21.1 and through the power amplifier 22.1 is fed to the first input of the mixer 23.1. The second input of the mixer 23.1 is supplied with voltage U _g2i (t) of the synthesizer 24.1 of the frequencies of the second local oscillator. At the output of the mixer 24.1, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 25.1 is allocated the voltage of the second intermediate (differential) frequency (figure 5, h)

,

,

Where

- вторая промежуточная (разностная) частота;

- second intermediate (difference) frequency;

,

,

which is fed to the first input of the multiplier 26.1, the second input of which is transmitted voltage U _rli (t) of the frequency synthesizer 17.1 of the first local oscillator. At the output of the multiplier 26.1 voltage is formed

,

,

;Where

;

,

,

which is allocated by a band-pass filter 27.1 and fed to the information input of the phase detector 28.1, to the reference input of which voltage U _g2i (t) of the frequency synthesizer 24.1 of the second local oscillator is supplied. At the output of the phase detector 28.1, a low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig. 5, k)

,

,

Where

proportional to the modulating code M ₂ (t) (figure 5, g). This voltage through a digital descrambler 29.1 is supplied to the Central processor 4 as a signal invitation to enter the PIN code. After that, the client dials for authentication the PIN code issued to him when registering as a participant in this payment system, on the seller’s PIN keyboard 2 or, preferably, on the keyboard of his personal communication device 7. After receiving confirmation of the passage of the PIN code from the processing center 11, the client places enabled personal wireless device 7 to the node 6 connection with the first modulator 5 to provide contact. The first modem 5 is activated when the seller starts the data transfer program by the central processor 4, after which the product data, etc., entered earlier by the seller, is transferred to the processing center 11. The processing center 11, which is, for example, a server with the appropriate software installed ensuring that he performs the necessary functions, he processes the information received and, through the created communication channel between him and the input-output device, transmits the result of the operation that is displayed on the output reporting device 3 of the input-output device and is fixed on the medium, for example, printed on a printer. The seller gives the customer a check and paid goods (provides a service).

Thus, the proposed system, in comparison with the basic and other technical solutions of a similar purpose, provides increased noise immunity, reliability and secrecy of the transmitted information in the conditions of organized and unintentional interference, multipath propagation of radio waves. This is achieved by pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency of the used complex signals with phase shift keying.

The strategy to combat unintentional and organized interference in the proposed system is to "avoid" the effects of interference due to pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency and to "confront" them due to phase manipulation of the carrier frequency by a pseudo-random sequence (PSP).

Therefore, in the proposed system, when protecting against interference, an important characteristic is the actual operating time at one carrier frequency t _c . The shorter this time, the higher the likelihood that the PSK signals of the frequency hopping system will not be affected by organized interference.

The noise immunity of the system depends not only on the operating time at one carrier frequency, but also on the type of interference and its power, useful signal power, modem structure.

Protecting the transmitted information from unauthorized access has six levels: cryptographic, energy, structural, informational, temporal and spatial. The cryptographic level is provided by special methods of encryption, encoding and information conversion, as a result of which its content becomes inaccessible without presenting the cryptogram key and the inverse transformation.

With the digital method of closing the transmitted message, which is implemented by the digital scrambler 15.1 (15.2), four main groups can be distinguished:

1. substitution - discrete message characters are replaced by other characters in accordance with a predetermined rule;

2. permutation - the symbols of a discrete message are rearranged according to some rule within a given block of a transmitted discrete message;

3. analytical conversion - the encrypted message is converted according to some analytical rule;

4. combined conversion - the original discrete message is encrypted with two or more encryption methods.

The principle of operation of the digital descrambler 29.1 (29.2) corresponds to the principle of the digital scrambler 15.1 (15.2), but has the opposite character.

The energy and structural levels are ensured by the use of complex signals with phase manipulation, which have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time or in the spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result of this, the complex QPSK signal used at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex QPSK signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex PSK signals is due to a wide variety of their forms and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimally or at least quasi-optimally process complex PSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Complex signals with phase shift keying open up new possibilities in the technique of transmitting messages and protecting them from unauthorized access. These signals allow the use of a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to distinguish complex QPSK signals from other signals and interference operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals. This feature is realized by convolution of the spectrum of complex PSK signals.

Information secrecy is determined by the ability to withstand measures of commercial radio intelligence aimed at revealing the meaning of the transmitted information.

The temporary secrecy of the system is determined by the ability of commercial radio intelligence to collect the necessary information about the system for a certain time and depends on the conditions in which the system is used, its temporary operating modes for radiation, and the tactical and technical characteristics of the radio intelligence station.

The spatial secrecy of the system characterizes the ability to impede the commercial radio intelligence station with the necessary accuracy to determine the direction of arrival of the signals (or the location of the system). The spatial secrecy of the system, as well as other types of secrecy, except energy, is a conditional event and depends on a number of parameters of the radio communication system, for example, signal strength, type and parameters of the antenna pattern.

Claims (1)

A system for conducting non-cash financial transactions, including at least one input / output device for information, comprising at least a keyboard for entering data of the operation being performed, a keyboard for entering a PIN code, an output communicating device confirming and recording the operations performed, and a first modem connected to a central processor having a program for storing the identity of the seller, processing the data of the operation performed, generating a request to the processing center, and providing activation of the first modem, a connection node of the first modem with a wireless communication device configured to connect to a network common to used wireless communication devices, a wireless connection with an identification block of used wireless communication devices included therein for transmitting signals to a network of banking and credit institutions through sequentially located and interconnected a second modem and a processing center that processes each incoming request, generating a response for the input-in device water and providing control over the network of banking and credit institutions, while the wireless device is a personal wireless device of the client having an individual identifier, the connection node of the first modem with the wireless device is configured to connect to the client’s personal wireless device, the identification unit used for personal wireless devices connected to an additional unit that provides the determination of the receipt of sig call the processing center and transmitting the identification code of the personal wireless device of the client to the processing center connected to the second modem, the wireless device and each modem are made in the form of series-connected phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected through a digital scrambler to the source of discrete messages, the first mixer , an amplifier of a first intermediate frequency, a first power amplifier, a duplexer, the input-output of which is connected to a transceiver antenna , a second power amplifier, a second mixer, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a multiplier, a bandpass filter, a phase detector and a digital descrambler, the output of which is the output of the device, characterized in that each modem is equipped with a synchronizer, a pseudo-random sequence generator, a carrier frequency synthesizer, a frequency synthesizer of the first the local oscillator and the frequency synthesizer of the second local oscillator, and a pseudo-random sequence generator is connected in series to the synchronizer output and a carrier frequency synthesizer, the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase manipulator, the second input of the first mixer through the frequency synthesizer of the first local oscillator is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, the second input of the second mixer through the frequency synthesizer of the second local oscillator is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, the second input of the multiplier is connected with the output of the frequency synthesizer of the first local oscillator, the second input of the phase detector is connected to the output of the frequency synthesizer of the second the terody.

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