RU2358113C2 - Impeller machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: impeller machine comprises body, at least two inlet and two outlet channels, at least three shafts installed parallel inside body, on every of which at the same distance from body in its closed annular channel, turbine wheels with blades are installed and rigidly fixed. Wheels installed at extreme shafts are installed with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions relative to wheel installed on medium shaft. Rotation of wheels is realised under action of working fluid coming under pressure from autonomous source of energy via inlet channels inside body. Distance between shafts, number of blades on wheels and distance between them are defined by possibility of free mutual entry of blades in extreme wheels into interblade space of medium turbine wheel for provision of free rotation of blades. Synchronising gears are installed in shafts. Blades are arranged as flat. Autonomous source of energy creates direct perpendicular pressure on blades of wheels.

EFFECT: simplified design, expanded functional resources, increased power of impeller machine.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to blade machines, and is intended for use in automobile, water, rail, air transport and hybrid power plants.

The rotor machine is known in the art, where a rotor with blades is placed coaxially in a cylindrical body, which, when the rotor rotates, moves in grooves made in the rotor in the radial direction (US Patent No. 3230840, 418-184, 1966). During reciprocating motion in the grooves of the blades, which are affected by bending forces, the friction surfaces of the blades and rotor wear out quickly. The grooves are subject to clogging by particles from wear of the contacting elements, as well as various mechanical contaminants of the working media located in the cavities of the machine. This can lead to the cessation of the movement of the blades in the rotor, which makes the machine inoperative. The cessation of the movement of the blades can occur due to their distortions in the grooves under the action of various dynamic loads.

Known gas turbine installation with a constant pressure of combustion, containing a compressor, a combustion chamber, a fuel pump, nozzle, gas turbine, starting electric motor (Yablokov PD, Loginov IG, “Steam and gas turbines”, Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1988 , pp. 297-298, Fig. 15, 19).

The disadvantages of a gas turbine installation with a constant combustion pressure include the complexity of the turbocompressor group, the high power consumption for compressor drive.

Known rotary machine (US, copyright certificate, N 1788305, F01C 19/08, 1993) with rotor blades mounted on shafts in a cylindrical housing axisymmetrically with it. The machine body has channels for supplying and discharging the working medium, is equipped with end caps, and in the grooves on the surfaces of the blades there are spring-loaded sealing elements made in the form of axial and radial plates, as well as cylindrical inserts in the contact zone of these plates. This device, having two coaxial working shafts, has a complex kinematic scheme for converting the uneven movement of the shafts. The movement conversion mechanism includes a differential and elliptical gears. In this mechanism, significant energy losses, which reduces the efficiency engine. It is impossible to ensure uniformity of torque on the output shaft and increase engine power by increasing to two or more cylinders with phase displacement of the working processes in them and with rotors located on the same corresponding coaxial shafts. You cannot use the flywheel energy storage device directly on the coaxial shafts due to the unevenness of their movement. The presence of spring-loaded cylindrical liners in the contact zone of the axial and radial plates complicates the design of the sealing of the working chambers, leads to heterogeneous wear on the inner surfaces of the end caps and cylinder, and increases the energy consumption for overcoming friction in the engine.

Known rotary engine (RU, application for invention No. 2001104072, priority of 02/14/2001). The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a rotary engine containing a housing, rotors of the compressor and the primary engine located in separate parts of the housing separated by partitions, synchronizing gears mounted on the shafts of the rotors, blades mounted on the rotors, the suction and discharge pipes of the compressor, the chamber The combustion is located outside the prime mover. In this case, the blades periodically interact with the working medium and constantly divide the working spaces of the compressor and the primary engine into chambers with increased and reduced pressure of the working medium, the working elements located in the separate parts of the casing continuously and simultaneously interact with the working medium, forming a single working body. Gas exchange processes are controlled by working bodies.

The disadvantages of this rotary engine include design complexity, high metal consumption, insufficiently high specific power and environmental cleanliness.

Known spatula machine (Patent RU for utility model No. 53723, published 2006.05.27). The spatula contains an inlet channel, a housing, synchronizing gears, vanes, exhaust channel mounted on the shafts. Moreover, it differs in that at least two wheels on which the blades are mounted on the same shafts inside the housing are symmetrically mounted and rigidly fixed, while the distance between the shafts and the location of the blades on the turbine wheels is determined by the possibility of free mutual entry of the blades of one turbine wheels into the interscapular space of another turbine wheel with a minimum clearance between the end of the blade of one turbine wheel and another turbine wheel, providing free rotation of the blades, and schenie first and second turbine wheels with shovels carried out in opposite directions, the energy source is located outside the housing of the flow machine.

This blade machine has insufficient power density.

The closest in design and technical nature to the claimed is a rotary machine (patent US 3846987 A), containing three parallel mounted cylindrical shaft, the extreme of which rotate in one direction opposite to the rotation of the middle shaft. Gears with blades are fixed on each shaft, which, when the machine is in operation, engage with each other.

The disadvantages of this rotary machine include insufficiently high torque.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the torque and increase the specific power of the blade machine.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the blade machine contains a housing, at least two inlet and two exhaust channels, at least three shafts mounted parallel to the inside of the housing, each of which is located at the same distance from the housing in its closed annular channel and turbine wheels with blades are rigidly fixed, while the wheels located on the extreme shafts are mounted to rotate in opposite directions relative to the wheel placed on the middle shaft, and the wheels are rotated under the action of a working fluid supplied under pressure from an autonomous energy source through inlet channels into the housing. In this case, the distance between the shafts, the number of blades on the wheels and the distance between them are determined by the possibility of free mutual entry of the blades of the extreme wheels into the interscapular space of the middle turbine wheel, to ensure free rotation of the blades, while the shafts are equipped with synchronizing gears, the blades are made flat, and an autonomous source energy creates direct perpendicular pressure on the wheel blades.

The design of the blade machine is shown in the drawing, where

1 - housing;

2 - inlet channels;

3 - the first shaft;

4 - the second shaft;

5 - the third shaft;

6 - synchronizing gears;

7 - blades;

8 - the first turbine wheel;

9 - the second turbine wheel;

10 - the third turbine wheel;

11 - exhaust channels.

The spatula contains a housing 1, inlet channels 2, ensuring the flow of the working fluid from an autonomous combustion chamber (steam installation) into the housing 1. Inside the housing are the first shaft 3, the second shaft 4 and the third shaft 5. From the outside of the housing 1 on the shafts 3, 4, 5, synchronizing gears 6 are installed, which ensure the synchronization of the angular velocities of the elements of the mechanism of the blade machine. The blades 7 are placed on the first turbine wheel 8, the second turbine wheel 9 and the third turbine wheel 10, which are symmetrically mounted and rigidly fixed to the shafts 3, 4, 5 inside the housing 1.

The distance between the shafts 3, 4, 5 and the location of the blades 7 on the turbine wheels 8, 9, 10 is determined by the possibility of free mutual entry of the blades 7 of the first turbine wheel 8 into the interscapular space of the second turbine wheel 9, as well as the blades 7 of the second turbine wheel 9 in the interscapular space of the third turbine wheel 10 with a minimum clearance between the end of the blade 7 of the first turbine wheel 8 and the surface of the interscapular space of the second turbine wheel 9, as well as between the end of the blade 7 of the second turbine ESA 9 and the surface of the interscapular space of the third turbine wheel 10, providing free rotation of the blades 7. Moreover, the rotation of the first 8 and third 10 turbine wheels with blades 7 is carried out in opposite directions relative to the second turbine wheel 9 with blades 7. The blades of the turbine wheels 7 are in the annular channels casing 1. Between the blades 7 and the inner surface of the casing 1 in the working area, a minimum clearance is provided that excludes the friction of the blades 7 against the walls of the casing 1. Turbine wheels 8, 9, 10 are fixed to crystals 3, 4, 5, with their blades alternately passing through the working area of the housing. The energy source is located outside the body of the scapula machine (not shown in the drawing). Through the exhaust channels 12, the exhaust of the working fluid (steam, gas) is carried out. In this case, the turbine wheel of the middle shaft is the main one and serves for power take-off, and the extreme ones are auxiliary.

The operation of the blade machine is as follows. The working fluid (steam, gas) under pressure comes from an autonomous energy source to the working area of the casing 1 of the blade machine through the inlet channels 2. In this case, one of the blades 7 of the first turbine wheel 8 and the third turbine wheel 10, located in the working area, occupies the position in which its plane is parallel to the incoming flow of the working fluid, and the plane of one of the blades 7 of the second wheel of the turbine 9, located in the working area, is located at some angle to the incoming flow of the working fluid.

The pressure force of the working fluid entering the working area of the housing 1 alternately acts on the blades 7 of the first 8, second 9 and third 10 turbine wheels mounted on shafts 3, 4, 5 parallel to the inside of the housing 1 installed. The turbine wheels 8, 9, 10 are fixed on the shafts 3, 4, 5 with the possibility of alternating passage of their blades 7 through the working area of the housing 1 and rotate in opposite directions under the action of the working fluid. The blades 7 of the turbine wheels 8, 9, 10 are located in the annular channels of the housing 1. Between the blades 7 and the inner surface of the housing 1, a minimum clearance is provided to prevent friction of the blades 7 against the walls of the housing 1. In order for the wheels to rotate, a difference is created between the pressure on blades included in the annular channel zone, and blades that are engaged in the wheels due to their mutual overlap. The radial arm will be equal to the sum of the outer radii of the two wheels minus the sum of the inner radii. A large radial arm allows you to get a huge torque on the output shaft even with a low incoming gas or steam pressure from the energy source into the housing 1. The pressure allows you to get a huge torque and high specific power on the shaft of a small-sized turbine, as well as provide instant start-up at low temperatures. The design of the blade machine allows reversing and large overloads, has the property of reversibility and can be used as a compressor and pump. The spatula is easy to manufacture, as it allows the use of turbine wheels and vanes of a simple geometric shape. In this case, the turbine wheels can be made of ceramics, and the number of blades on each turbine wheel can be minimal.

The rotation of the wheel of the scapular machine differs from the existing ones in that it rotates due to the direct perpendicular pressure of the working fluid on the blades.

There are no inter-rubbing parts except for the shaft support (rolling bearings). No lubrication, liquid cooling system, gearbox needed. the engine itself is a gas-dynamic gearbox for speed transmission, providing the desired amount of torque on the shaft and shaft speed.

The specific power of the blade machine is 70-100 G per horsepower. The spatula has an unrivaled resource, good control and start-up, a high degree of reliability and protection against overload on the shaft. For example, a vane machine with an impeller with a diameter of 20 cm, an axis length of 22 cm, with a completely braked shaft, while maintaining the pressure in the combustion chamber (steam generator) of 30 atmospheres, will have a torque of 120 kgf · m on the output shaft. The operating range of the shaft rotation speed is from 0 to 15000 rpm. Final frequency in spacing.

The design of the blade of the blade machine and its blades differs from existing wheels and blades in that it allows the use of direct perpendicular pressure of the working fluid (steam, gas) on the blades that are located in the annular channel of the blade body of the machine, and this makes full use of the energy of the working fluid supplied to the body of the shoveling machine from an energy source. In this regard, we obtain a large torque on the shaft, as well as the absence of axial pressure, leading to the destruction of bearings - bearings, shaft. For compactness of the shoveling machine, the diameter of the wheels located on the extreme shafts is chosen to be two times smaller than the diameter of the wheel located on the middle shaft. The use of three shafts allows to increase the power of the blade machine (compared with the prototype) twice.

Existing turbine wheels rotate due to the kinetic energy of the working fluid entering the blades. The rotation of the wheel of the scapular machine differs from the existing ones in that it rotates due to the direct perpendicular pressure of the working fluid on the blades. The spatula differs from the existing ones in that it can be used as a pneumatic, hydro-compressor, pump, in hydraulic transmissions.

Universal power unit for all types of transport and hospital.

The advantage of a shovel over existing heat engines is that it is very simple in design, has a small torque at the output shaft and a wide range of shaft speeds, does not require lubrication, is durable and reliable.

Variants of engine design technology by purpose: steam, gas, combined-cycle.

Example 1. An engine with an impeller with a diameter of 20 cm, an axis length of 15 cm with a completely braked shaft, while maintaining a pressure in the combustion chamber of 30 atmospheres, will have a torque of 125 kg / M on the output shaft.

Specific power - less than 100 grams per horsepower.

Mutually rubbing elements are absent, except for rolling bearings - shaft support, which provides a large motor resource of the engine.

No need lubrication and liquid cooling system. A gearbox is not required; the engine itself is a gas-dynamic gearbox, providing power and speed effects of the shaft. Low temperature does not affect engine starting, as there is nothing to freeze. The power wheel can be made of ceramic. Starting the engine - instant, spark, gaining momentum instantly (without warming up) with a huge torque on the shaft. With any mechanical overload, spontaneous stalling of the engine is excluded, has absolute protection of reliability. Fuel - gaseous, liquid, solid.

A spatula with an autonomous combustion chamber can be used as a silent compressor (pump).

Claims (1)

A spatula containing a housing, at least two inlet and two exhaust channels, at least three shafts mounted in parallel inside the housing, on each of which at the same distance from the housing in its closed annular channel there are turbine wheels with blades, while the wheels located on the extreme shafts are mounted to rotate in opposite directions relative to the wheel placed on the middle shaft, and the wheels are rotated by the working fluid about under pressure from an autonomous energy source through the inlet channels into the housing, characterized in that the distance between the shafts, the number of blades on the wheels and the distance between them are determined by the possibility of free mutual entry of the blades of the extreme wheels into the interscapular space of the middle turbine wheel to ensure free rotation of the blades, when At the same time, synchronizing gears are installed on the shafts, the blades are made flat, and an autonomous energy source creates direct perpendicular pressure on the blades wheels.