RU2353896C2 - Smoke grenade - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed grenade has a cylindrical case with smoke outlet channels on the butt ends and directly joined to them, an aerosol-forming pyrotechnic filler, linked on one side with a pyrotechnic retarder of the firing mechanism with manual triggering, made with a spring loaded head, provided with a rotating stopper, and on the other side - with means of automatic triggering ignition in form of a case. Between the bottom end of the case and the means providing for automatic triggering ignition, a damping crossbar is mounted, with fire vents, which coincide with the smoke outlet channels. The case has series-mounted powder thrower with an igniter capsule, inline with a percussion bullet-trap, on the opposite end closed by an elastic shock absorber, and a ring, profiled under the muzzle cap of an automatic rifle.

EFFECT: increased volume of smoke generation and safer manual throwing and through automatic firing.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly, to rockets, characterized by a warhead for dispersing the generated aerosol generated during the combustion of a pyrotechnic filling used as a smoke countermeasure in the form of smoke screens.

The level of this technical field is characterized by smoke grenades according to the patents DE 1428657 and 1285919, F42D 19/2, which are intended for use both for manual throwing and for firing.

The grenade contains a body filled with smoke-generating composition during combustion, which is closed at one end by a contact head having openings for smoking - an organized release of the generated aerosol into the atmosphere.

An electric ignitor of a jet engine and a manual ignition torch are mounted in the grenade’s head, equipped with a pyrotechnic moderator, the burning time of which, before transmitting an impulse to the igniter, is selected sufficient for the fighter to throw a grenade.

A coaxial jet engine with a nozzle block and an igniter composition connected to the powder charge of the engine and to the flow igniter through a moderator are sequentially placed in the head.

The disadvantage of the described design of the smoke grenade is the placement of both ignition initiating devices in the common head, which determines a significant increase in the diameter of the grenade, which is inconvenient to throw by hand and characterized by high drag when shooting, which significantly reduces the speed and range.

Due to overall limitations, the grenade has a relatively short smoke generation time and, therefore, low masking ability.

The noted disadvantages are eliminated in the smoke grenade according to the patent RU 2284006, F42B 12/48, 2006, which is selected by the number of matching features as the closest analogue of the proposed grenade.

Known smoke grenade contains a housing with a smoke-generating pyrotechnic composition during combustion, a jet engine with a fuel charge made of a powder separated by a gap of a powder, pressed to the main functional filling of the housing, and a channel powder tablet mounted on the diaphragm.

The channel tablet mounted in the combustion chamber performs the function of a starting charge, and the checker adjacent to the smoke-generating composition serves as the marching charge of the grenade's jet engine.

In the nozzle block, the output distributed openings of which are provided by smoke channels, an electric igniter for the charge of rocket fuel (powder bombs) of a jet engine is installed.

On the opposite side, the casing is closed by a lid, under which is placed the grate mechanism for manual ignition of the retardant composition, facing the smoke-forming filling of the grenade body, which are separated by a diaphragm.

Outlets for smoke smoking are located radially and longitudinally in the lid.

The peculiarity of this smoke grenade is that the head igniter, pyrotechnic moderator, smoke generating composition, engine fuel charge and its electric igniter are installed in the housing longitudinally and sequentially and are connected into a single fire chain, which ensures complete burnout of the functional filling and auxiliary pyrotechnic devices at any initiation of the grenade . This ensures the safety of personnel during movement through the territory on which protective camouflage curtains were installed.

The total area of the outlet openings in the lid is commensurate with the area of the orifice cross sections of the jet engine nozzles in order to ensure the dynamic equilibrium of the product with two-way smoke outflow.

A disadvantage of the known grenade is the unsatisfactory performance indicators due to the fact that a significant part of the hull (up to 30% of the volume) is occupied by a jet engine, thereby reducing the mass of pyrotechnic filling, generating an aerosol cloud of a smoke mask.

The unsatisfactory functioning of the grate mechanism for manual ignition initiation, the actuation of which is associated with difficulties in the axial orientation of the pulling cable, is unsafe since it inevitably burns the hands of the grenade launcher with a generated force of flame that extends both towards the moderator and outward.

In addition, a grenade shot, the automatic initiation of which comes from an electric igniter, is carried out only from a special launcher with a grenade thrower, which limits the mobility and efficiency of setting smoke screens, and is often impossible in principle if there is no launcher in the unit.

For the described reasons, the use of known grenades is limited, which reduces the combat effectiveness of the infantry, landing, reconnaissance, etc.

The task to which the present invention is directed is to increase the functional reliability and safety in official handling of a universal and more effective smoke grenade design that can be shot from the barrel of any rifle.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known smoke grenade fired by shot and manually containing aerosol-forming pyrotechnic filling of a cylindrical body with smoke exhaust channels at the ends, communicating on the one hand with a pyrotechnic moderator of the manual initiation mechanism, closed by a lid, and on the other hand, with means automatic initiation of ignition, according to the invention, the spring-loaded striker of the firing mechanism of manual initiation is equipped with a rotary stopper, a geometrically closed lid of the grenade body, the filling of which is adjacent directly to the smoke exhaust channels, combined with the fire-transfer holes of the damping cross member, fixed between the lower end of the body and the automatic ignition initiator, made in the form of a cylindrical pencil case, including a powder propellant throwing device with an igniter caps which is located nakolik bullet, with the opposite end closed elastic and a base ring, profiled under the muzzle of the rifle, and a cylindrical pencil case is installed with a guaranteed annular gap inside the tubular shank fixed by means of a flange, equipped with a blade stabilizer and made stepwise inside, while a collapsible ring is placed between the throwing device and the bullet catcher smaller height, and the stabilizer blades are closed by a shell, and gas outlet openings are made in the tubular shaft of the housing areas whose area is comparable with the area of the slots of the muzzle brake of the machine.

Distinctive features provided an increase in the volume of smoke generation, that is, increased the masking ability of the ammunition, which is made universal for firing from any rifle, as well as safe for manual throwing of a smoke grenade.

Equipping the spring-loaded striker of the firing mechanism for manually initiating ignition of the functional filling of the grenade with a rotary stop, which is geometrically closed by a cover screwed on the case, reliably prevents unauthorized operation in official circulation, which ensures complete safety when storing grenades and wearing them in special uniform pockets.

The adjacency of the functional filling of the grenade body directly to the smoke exhaust channels, that is, the exclusion from the design of the jet engine, ensured an increase in the mass of aerosol-forming pyrotechnic filling by 27-30% and, consequently, an adequate volume of the smoke curtain needed for reliable masking of equipment and personnel in combat operations and for secretive movements.

Placing a damping cross member between the lower end of the housing and the automatic ignition initiator (cylindrical pencil case) prevents the transmission of shock waves when the propellant is triggered to the pyrotechnic functional filling of the housing, eliminating the possibility of their destruction. This ensures the functional reliability of the ammunition.

The combination of the fire-transmitting holes of the cross member with the smoke exhaust channels of the housing is intended for communication of the propelling device with functional filling for igniting the latter and ensures unhindered outflow of the generated aerosol during its combustion.

The implementation of the automatic initiation device in the form of a coaxial mounted coaxially mounted with a guaranteed annular gap inside the tubular shank cylindrical pencil case, including a powder propellant throwing device with an igniter capsule, a bullet trap closed by an elastic shock absorber and a basing ring, made it possible to quickly mount a grenade on the barrel of automatic rifles, with a single shot which throw smoke grenades at a distance of up to 250 m.

Initiation of the propellant igniter capsule is provided by a nakolik, which is fixed at the end of the bullet-catcher deformable in the dynamics of operation.

The safety ring crumpled in the dynamics is made wider than the height of the head restraint, and placed between the bullet catcher and the throwing device, which eliminates unauthorized operation and ensures the safety of the grenade in official use.

The thin-walled crumpled ring at the bottom end of the throwing device has sufficient bearing strength to prevent contact of the tip of the bullet catcher with the igniter capsule in official use. However, when fired, the ring is crushed by inertial forces, providing the mechanism for automatically initiating ignition of the functional filling of the body.

The case of the automatic initiation mechanism by the flange is pinched between the nozzle block and the end of the tubular shank, forming a monolithic unity in official use and during firing.

Dynamically when fired, the cut-off flange of the pencil case by the end face of the tubular shank, driven by the pressure of the powder gases during the propellant’s combustion, does not impede the joint movement of the grenade and the lightweight shank with the stabilizer. In this case, the pencil case remains motionless, pressed to the barrel of the gun by the pressure of aerosol entering through the outlet channels.

The structural relationship of the listed structural elements of the dynamic ignition initiation case is simple and functionally reliable.

The execution of the inner surface of the shank from the free end side by steps, ledges, profiled to the diameter of the muzzle of rifle rifles, provided the versatility of the proposed grenade for firing from any of their modifications when axially mounted on the barrel by means of a single shot.

The blade stabilizer of the shank provided a noticeable displacement of the center of pressure beyond the center of mass of the grenade downward, which stabilizes the grenade longitudinally on the flight path and increases the accuracy of fire for a more dense masking curtain.

In the proposed design of the grenade, automatically with a single shot of a rifle, there is a mechanical separation of the case of dynamic initiation of functional filling, which in flight would be a ballast, which increases the firing range.

Throwing a grenade from the barrel of any rifle fundamentally changes the tactical capabilities of combat operations for personnel to quickly and accurately set up a camouflage smoke screen, autonomously and in a group.

Equipping a grenade with a tubular shank creates convenience when throwing manually, using it as a handle, which allows to increase the throwing range.

Placing the stabilizer blades inside the shell increases strength and increases safety when manually throwing a grenade.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the invention is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by the sum of the attributes.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the claims of the totality of the features of the formula. The drawing shows:

figure 1 - General view of the smoke grenade, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 - firing mechanism for manual initiation;

figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 1.

The smoke grenade according to the invention contains (FIG. 1) a casing 1 with filling 2 of an aerosol-forming pyrotechnic composition during combustion.

The housing 1 is closed by a screw cap 3, inside of which is placed the firing mechanism 4 for manually initiating the igniter 5 placed in the filling 2. The firing mechanism 4 is locked by a locking rotary bracket 6.

The claimed grenade (as well as the prototype) is made with double initiation of ignition of the pyrotechnic smoke-generating composition 2: from above with manual throwing and from below when fired, automatically.

On the other end of the housing 1, a tubular shank 7 is mounted, bearing a blade aerodynamic stabilizer 8 of a grenade on the flight path.

Inside the shank 7 with a guaranteed annular gap mounted cylindrical pencil case 9 automatically initiate filling 2 when fired.

The flange 10 of the pencil case 9 is sandwiched between the damping cross member 11 installed in the housing 1 and the end face of the tubular shank 7.

The cross member 11 is made with peripheral through holes 12, coaxial with the output channels 13 of the housing 1, designed for smoke.

In the pencil case 9 sequentially placed throwing device 14, a bullet trap 15, an elastic shock absorber 16 and a base ring stop 17.

The throwing device 14 adjacent to the damping cross member 11 includes a powder charge 18 with a central igniter capsule 19.

A collapsible ring 20 is installed between the throwing device 14 and the bullet trap 15, the width of which exceeds the height of the cap 21, coaxial with the igniter capsule 19, made at the end of the bullet trap 15, the entrance of which is closed by a rubber shock absorber 16.

The base ring stop 17, together with the inner surface of the tubular shank 7, is intended for installation of small-sized AK-104 and AK-105 submachine guns on a flame arrester.

Below the stop 17, the inner surface of the tubular shank 7 is made stepwise, sequentially with ledges 22 and 23, which are used to base AK-74M, AK-103, and AK-107 assault rifles with an axial installation of a grenade on their barrel.

Under the stop 17 in the tubular shank 7 gas-dynamic (throttling) through holes 24 are made, the total area of which is comparable with the area of the slots of the muzzle brake of a rifle machine.

The blades of the aerodynamic stabilizer 8 are installed in the shell 25 (Figs. 1, 3), which increases the structural strength and is intended to increase the safety of the grenade launcher throwing a grenade in order to exclude the possibility of the stabilizer blades 8 catching on their protruding uniforms (sleeves, pockets, fasteners), snap straps, etc., preventing cuts to the hands.

Under the lid 3 is placed the so-called firing mechanism 4 for manual initiation, the pivoting bracket 6 (stopper) of which is geometrically closed by the lid 3 from unauthorized rotation.

The pyrotechnic composition 2 is closed from above by a diaphragm 26 with openings 27 for the exit of smoke generated during end combustion from above the pyrotechnic filling 2 of the grenade body 1.

A cover 3 is screwed onto the central protrusion of the diaphragm 26, and a firing mechanism 4 for manually initiating the ignition of composition 2 is mounted inside it.

The bracket 6 of the firing mechanism 4 (FIG. 2) is fixed on an axis 27 having parallel flats forming a thickness less than the through groove 28 of the hole 29 in the hammer 30 in which the axis 27 is mounted.

In the official position, when the bracket 6 is located vertically, inside the cover 3, the axis 27 is adjacent to the hole 29, holding the hammer 30, loaded with a spring 31, in the extreme upper (according to the drawing) position.

In the striker 30, an igniter caps 32 is fixed, coaxially to which the cap 33 is stationary mounted.

In the headgear 33, a through groove 34 is made for communication with the pyrotechnic block of the moderator 35 adjacent to the outlet 36 directed to the filling 2 (FIG. 1) of the grenade body 1.

The proposed smoke grenade operates as follows.

For automatic throwing, a grenade is mounted axially to the barrel of a rifle machine, based on its muzzle with the surfaces of the ring 17 and the shank 7 or the ledges 22 and 23 of the shank 7.

With a single shot from the machine, a 5.45 mm or 7.62 mm cartridge bullet punches the shock absorber 16 and is caught in the catcher 15, which is deformed, crushing the ring 20, and feeds the cap 21 forward until it contacts the igniter capsule 19.

In this case, the shock absorber 16 elastically compresses the track from the bullet, preventing the reverse ingress of solid particles into the barrel of the machine.

Gaseous products from a single shot from the machine are freely removed through the holes 24 in the shank 7, the area of which is 500 mm is comparable with the area of the slots of the muzzle brake of the machine.

The pulse of the igniter capsule 19 ignites the propellant composition 18 of the device 14, the pressure of the powder gases of which gives the grenade its initial speed and, accordingly, the pencil case 9 is pressed against the muzzle of the machine.

The propelling impulse developed during the combustion of the powder composition 18 is damped by the cross member 11 at the end of the housing 1 and is not transmitted to the filling 2.

In this case, the pressure of the powder gases of the burning propellant charge 18 is not completely transmitted to the shoulder of the grenade launcher in the form of a recoil, but is partially compensated by the shock absorber 16 to the limit of established standards.

The force of the flame from the composition 18 through the holes 12 of the cross member 11 and the channels 13 ignites the pyrotechnic composition of the filling 2, during the combustion of which a smoke-forming aerosol is generated.

When the grenade moves with the shank 7, the flange 10 (0.5 mm thick) of the pencil case 9 is cut off, breaking its geometric closure, that is, the pencil case 9 is completely free in the annular gap relative to the shaft 7.

When the end combustion of the filling 2, smoke is generated uniformly flowing out through the channels 13, forming a dense masking curtain in the air.

From the temperature developed during the combustion of the composition 2, and direct fire through the hole 36 (figure 2) in the housing of the firing mechanism 4, the retardant bomb 35 ignites, the thermal energy of which initiates the igniter capsule 32. Thus, the grenade’s common fire chain is activated, providing burnout its dangerous elements.

For manual throwing, the grenades unscrew the cover 3, and then turn the bracket 6 in any direction from the vertical until the flats of the axis 27 align with the groove 28 of the hammer 30. In this case, under the action of the spring 31, the hammer 30 moves longitudinally down along axis 27 until the igniter 32 sticks on the headrest 33.

The force of the flame from the igniter capsule 32 through the groove 34 initiates combustion for 4-5 seconds with the pyrotechnic composition of the moderator 35, during which it is necessary to throw the grenade in the specified direction.

The proposed design of a universal smoke grenade in comparison with the prototype has a quarter lower cost and, therefore, lower consumer cost.

According to the present invention, working documentation has been developed for the manufacture of an experimental batch of grenades intended for full-scale testing with the aim of developing ammunition for arming into the army.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for an ammunition specialist, showed that it is not known, but taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of smoke grenades for mass use by firing from the trunks of any rifle guns and manual throwing, it can be concluded that the eligibility criteria are met.

Claims (1)

A smoke grenade fired from a rifle barrel or manually thrown, containing a cylindrical body with smoke exhaust channels at the ends and with aerosol-forming pyrotechnic filling, communicating on the one hand with a pyrotechnic moderator of the manual firing mechanism, closed by a lid, and on the other hand, with automatic initiation means ignition, characterized in that the firing mechanism for manual initiation is made with a spring-loaded striker equipped with a rotary stop rum, geometrically closed by the said lid, the aerosol-forming pyrotechnic filling adjoins directly to the smoke exhaust channels of the housing, between the lower end of the housing and the automatic ignition initiation device, a damping cross-beam with fire-transfer holes is fixed that are aligned with the smoke exhaust channels of the housing, while the automatic ignition initiation mechanism is made in the form of a cylindrical a case containing successively mounted powder propellant a triad with an igniter capsule, coaxial to which is located the tip of the bullet catcher, from the opposite end closed by an elastic shock absorber, and a ring profiled under the muzzle of the rifle assault rifle, and a cylindrical pencil case is installed with an annular gap inside the tubular shank, which is equipped with a stabilizer with blades and is made inside stepwise, between the throwing device and the bullet catcher a collapsible ring is placed, covering a headrest of a lower height than the height of the collapsible ring, and the blades stabilizer closed shell.

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