RU2344320C1 - Method for control of water-driven pump set of oil-producing wells and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to oil-producing industry and may be used preferably in production of oil product from deep wells with application of water-driven pump sets controlled from the surface. Water-driven pump contains body with stem, to ends of which power piston is fixed, as well as piston with forcing valve. Stem of pistons travels according to shuttle pattern via coupling fixed in body cylinder, which is equipped by suspension cover with weights and fit cover with valve. Pressurised fluid supply to water-driven valve is done via distributor by high-pressure pump along two lines alternately and spasmodically from rated maximum to minimum for oil product suction into pump cavity or its displacement from pump cavity into well cavity. Alternating and spasmodic supply of fluid along lines to pump hydraulic drive is provided by distributor equipped by slide valve, which interacts with pressure sensors in lines of fluid supply.

EFFECT: higher reliability of water-driven pump set control, expansion of technological resources of oil products withdrawal from deep horizons with reduction of power inputs.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil industry and can be used primarily for the extraction of oil from deep wells using hydraulic pumping units controlled from the surface.

Hydraulic pumps are known, where the working fluid is supplied by a power pump from the surface periodically (pulsating motion) to the piston of the engine. (V.I. Pilipets, Submersible pumps with hydraulic drive, Donetsk, DonSTU, 1998, p. 6).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the difficulty of ensuring a clear interaction between submersible and ground equipment, since the connection between them is through a long column of elastic inertial fluid.

A well-known hydraulic pumping unit comprising a piston pump and a piston hydraulic motor, the pistons of which are connected by a common full rod, a switchgear with a spool connected to the engine piston and a thrust with elastic pushers passing through the spool installed with the possibility of interaction with the spool at the end of the stroke, are suction and discharge valves, as well as channels for supplying working and discharge of spent and produced fluids and overflow channels. (SU1463962 A, 03/07/1989).

In this unit, the pump hydraulic motor is controlled by the fluid supplied from the surface to the well passing through the spool and other devices, and the produced fluid, together with the fluid supplied through the pipeline, is discharged to the surface.

This method of controlling a hydraulic motor is unreliable, energy-intensive, and not very productive in liquid production.

All hydraulic pump units with spool fluid distributors have a number of disadvantages, which limits their use due to the large number of windows, grooves, intersecting channels, bushings, are structurally complex and require high precision manufacturing. The use of such aggregates is also limited by the presence of water in the oil up to 5-10% and a solid phase of not more than 0.5 g / l.

Part of the disadvantages inherent in submersible pumps with a spool distribution of the working fluid is eliminated by using valve-spool and valve motors. In these hydraulic motors, mechanical seals are used instead of slotted ones, which simplifies the design and allows pumping out liquids with a high solids content.

The closest in its technical essence to controlling the hydraulic motor and its device is a device for controlling a hydraulic drive pumping unit for oil wells, including a high-pressure pump with fluid capacity, a distributor for each well with a spool and a volume cover, fluid lines, pressure sensors, manometers, a hydraulic drive pump unit, containing end caps, a piston hydraulic motor and a piston pump, the pistons of which are connected by a common rod, suction and discharge valves, a channel s supply of fluid, transfer channels for oil and suspension mechanism. (V.I. Pilipets, Submersible pumps with a hydraulic motor, Donetsk, DonSTU, 1998, p. 12, Fig. 1.3).

The hydraulic motor of this unit is equipped with two valves installed at the ends of the thrust with switching forks at the end of each stroke of the pistons, the valves at the time of reverse alternately overlap the windows in the piston bottoms.

The disadvantage is the lack of protection of the hydraulic motor valves from their spontaneous rearrangement during the wave movement of the working and produced fluids in the pipes at the time of the piston reverse. Large radial dimensions - the presence of a triple pipe string.

The objective of the invention is the reliable control of the hydraulic drive pump and the expansion of the technological capabilities of hydraulic drive pump units for oil production from deep horizons with reduced energy costs.

Considering that the operation of the hydraulic pump unit is ensured by a small volume of fluid, a lubricating component may be present in it.

This problem is solved in that in a method for controlling a hydraulic drive pumping unit of oil producing wells, including supplying fluid under pressure from one pump simultaneously to a group of wells, and for each well, the supply of fluid to the hydraulic driving pumping unit is carried out through its distributor in two lines, the fluid is supplied in lines under pressure, they produce alternately and spasmodically from the calculated maximum to the minimum for the oil to be sucked into the pump cavity or displaced from the pump cavity into the cavity kvazhiny.

And a device for controlling a hydraulic drive pumping unit for oil wells, including a high-pressure pump with a fluid reservoir, a distributor for each well with a spool and a volumetric cover, fluid lines, pressure sensors, manometers, a hydraulic drive pump unit containing end caps, a piston hydraulic motor and a piston pump, the pistons of which are connected by a common rod, suction and discharge valves, fluid supply channels, transfer channels for the oil product and suspension mechanism, distributor housing the ends are equipped with compensators, and the spool of the distributor is made in the form of a rod with annular recesses and pistons along the axial line, and springs with elastic deformation are fixed at one end of the spool rod and the volumetric couplers with the ability to move the spool rod in steps along the axis of the distributor with overlapping or opening fluid inlet and outlet lines, each of the two fluid inlet lines to the hydraulic pump has a return outlet to the distributor, pressure sensor, pressure gauge and drain line.

In addition, in the device, the housing of the hydraulic pump unit from the ends is made with a suspension cover with loads and a landing cover with a suction valve on the casing seat, while the side surface of the body is equipped with transport guides, and a sleeve is fixed in the cylinder through which the shuttle is mounted the rod moves with a power piston fixed to the end, the other end of the rod is cylindrical with a piston fixed to it with a pressure valve, and the cylinders are equipped with transfer valves .

In addition, the gyro cylinder is equipped with pumping nozzles.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the fluid supply by a high-pressure pump from the surface to control a hydraulic drive pump unit installed in an oil well.

Figure 2 is a General view of the distributor.

Figure 3 is a General view of the compensator.

Figure 4 is a General view of the hydraulic pump unit. Figure 5 is a view aa in figure 4.

The device comprises a high-pressure pump 1, a container 2, a distributor 3 of a fluid supply line 4 and 5, a hydraulic drive pump unit 6, comprising a piston pump 7 with a pressure valve 8 and a suction valve 9, transfer channels 10 and 11 for draining the oil into the cavity "d" and piston hydraulic motor with oil seals. Pistons - 7 and 12 of the hydraulic motor are connected by a common rod 13 by the method of fastening along its ends passing through a sleeve 14 made with seals 15 and fixed in the cylinder 16 of the housing of the hydraulic pump unit 6, moreover, one of the ends of the rod is made cylindrical.

The hydraulic cylinder is equipped with lockable pump nozzles 17 and 18 to release cavities "a" and "b" from the air and fluid supply lines 4 and 5.

The housing of the hydraulic unit 6 from the ends is made with a suspension cover 19 with loads 20 on the rope 21 and a fluid supply line 4 into the cavity "a", a landing cover 22 with an oil seal on the seat 23 of the casing 24 with the stuffing box 25, which serves to disconnect the cavity casing string 24 in two parts - “d” and “h”, where from the cavity “d” the oil product is discharged to the surface, and the cavity “h” is filled with the produced oil product.

The hydraulic pump unit 6 on the lateral surface is equipped with transport guides 26, which together with the loads 20 provide a reliable separation of the cavities "d" and "h" in the casing pipe 24 even in the presence of a curved well.

The fluid is supplied under pressure to the hydraulic pump unit 6 through a distributor 3, consisting of a housing 27 with a volume cover 28, and compensators 29 are installed at the ends, including a cover 30 with holes 31, a corrugated elastic membrane 32, a spool made in the form of a rod 33 s recesses 34 and pistons 35 along the axial line, and springs 36 with elastic deformation are fixed at one end of the spool rod 33 and the walls of the volumetric cover 28, the housing 27 of the distributor 3 is equipped with nozzles 4, 5, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 , 43 for connecting fluid lines where lines 4 and 5 are equipped with adjustable pressure sensors 44, 45 and pressure gauges 46.47.

Preparation of the system of the unit 6 to work and its work on the extraction of oil is carried out as follows.

A hydraulic drive pump control circuit 12 is assembled on the surface, high-pressure hose lines 4 and 5 are in a bay or on drums (not shown), pumping nozzles 17 and 18 of the hydraulic motor open, turn on the high-pressure pump 1, and alternately pump lines 4 and 5 and, accordingly, cavities " a and b of the hydraulic motor 12 and distributor 3, being released from the air, followed by reliable closure of the pumping nozzles 17 and 18.

Then the hydraulic actuator pump unit 6 is lowered into the well, cased with pipes 24 using a winch 47 on the cable 21. As the descent, the high-pressure hoses of lines 4 and 5 are attached to the cable 21. The hydraulic pump unit 6 is lowered to the seat 23 with the packing 25, and the presence of transport guides 26 and cargo 20 on the lid of the suspension 19 provides a reliable landing of the unit 6 with the separation of the cavity of the casing string 24 into two cavities "d" and "h", where from the cavity "d" the oil is discharged to the surface, and the cavity "h" is filled mined petroleum product.

After lowering into the well of the unit 6, the mouth of the casing 24 is sealed.

Depending on the depth of the reservoir oil product, pressure sensors 44 and 45 are regulated so that the developed fluid pressure by the high-pressure pump 1 ensures the delivery of liquid to the surface with the highest specific gravity of the fluid or oil product plus≥10 atm.

For the operation of the unit 6 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4) for the extraction of oil by a high-pressure pump 1 from the fluid container 2, a fluid is supplied under pressure 3 through line 3 to the cavity "a" of the hydraulic motor, since the piston 12 of the hydraulic motor is connected to the piston of the pump 7 rod 13, they together move down to the stop of the piston 12 of the hydraulic motor in the clutch 14 with the seals 15, mounted in the cylinder 16 of the housing of the unit 6, while the valve 8 is opened and the oil is drawn into the cavity "in" with the valve 9 closed.

When moving the hydraulic piston 12 downward, the fluid from the cavity "b" is squeezed out into line 5 and through the nozzles 42 and 37 of the distributor 3 into the fluid reservoir 2. During this period, the nozzles 40, 4, 38, 37, 42, 43 of the distributor 3 are open, and branch pipes 39-41.5 - closed.

When the piston 12 rests in the clutch 14 in line 4, the fluid pressure rises above the pressure necessary for oil to be delivered to the surface, and the pressure sensor 44 passes fluid into the nozzle 40 of the distributor 3, creating pressure under the spool rod 33 and moving it, while the springs 36 the volumetric cover 26 is compressed and, crossing the horizontal position line, abruptly moves the valve stem 33 to a new initial position, opening and closing the next nozzles of the distributor 3, namely, the nozzles 40, 39, 41, 38, 5, 43 become open and closed 4, 37, 42.

To ensure a spasmodic movement of the spool rod 33 with its recesses 34 and pistons 35 in the housing 27 of the distributor 3, compensators 29 additionally contribute, where the corrugated elastic diaphragm 32 under the cover 30 with openings 31 can accommodate the remainder of the fluid due to its flexibility after the piston 35 closes the drain pipe 37 or 39 during the period of elastic deformation of the springs 36.

In this position of the spool rod 33 in the distributor 3, the high-pressure pump 1 supplies fluid under pressure through line 5 to the cavity "b" of the unit 6, where the piston 12 moves upward along with the pump piston 7, the valve 8 of which closes and the oil is displaced from the cavity "c" through the flowing holes 10 and 11 of the piston cylinder 7 and the aggregate cylinder 16 into the cavity "d" of the casing 24, while the valve 9 is open and the oil is sucked from the cavity "z" into the cavity "g", and the fluid from the cavity "a" is squeezed into line 4 and through the nozzles 41 and 39 merges into the tank 2. When e of the pump piston 7 to the coupling 14, the fluid pressure in line 5 increases, the pressure sensor 45 bypasses the fluid into the pipe 43, filling the sub-rod recess 34, creating pressure with the movement of the rod 33 with compression of the springs 36, which, crossing the horizontal line, jump the rod 33 s blocking the nozzles of the fluid lines 5, 39, 41 and opening the nozzles 4, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43 in the distributor 3 with the supply of fluid through line 4 into the cavity "a" of the hydraulic actuator with the piston 12.

Thus, the operating cycles of the hydraulic pump unit are repeated with the release of oil and gas, respectively, through the pipes 48 and 49.

Using the method of controlling a hydraulic pumping unit and a device for its implementation in the extraction of oil products from deep wells will increase their reliability in operation, expand technological capabilities of application and reduce economic costs.

Claims (4)

1. A method of controlling a hydraulic drive pumping unit of oil producing wells, comprising supplying fluid under pressure from one pump simultaneously to a group of wells, and for each well, the supply of fluid to the hydraulic drive pumping unit is carried out through its distributor in two lines, characterized in that the fluid is supplied in lines under the pressure is produced alternately and spasmodically from the calculated maximum to the minimum for the suction of oil in the pump cavity or forcing it out of the pump cavity into the well cavity . 2. A device for controlling a hydraulic drive pumping unit for oil wells, including a high-pressure pump with a fluid reservoir, a distributor for each well with a spool and a volumetric cover, fluid lines, pressure sensors, manometers, a hydraulic drive unit containing end caps, a piston hydraulic motor and a piston pump the pistons of which are connected by a common rod, suction and discharge valves, fluid supply channels, transfer channels for the oil product and a suspension mechanism, characterized in that the end of the spool is equipped with compensators, and the spool of the distributor is made in the form of a rod with annular recesses and pistons along the axial line, and springs with elastic deformation are fixed at one end of the spool rod and the walls of the volumetric cover with the ability to move the spool rod in steps along the axis of the distributor c by blocking or opening the fluid inlet and outlet lines, and each of the two fluid inlet lines to the hydraulic pump has a return outlet to the distributor, pressure sensor, ma number and drain line. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing of the hydraulic pump unit from the ends is made with a suspension cover, with weights and a landing cover with a suction valve to the casing’s seat, the side surface of the casing is equipped with transport guides, and in the cylinder a clutch is fixed through which the rod with the power piston fixed to the end moves through the shuttle pattern, the other end of the rod is cylindrical with a piston fixed to it with a pressure valve, and the cylinders are equipped with a ochnymi valves. 4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cylinder of the gyro engine is equipped with pumping nozzles.

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