RU2341763C2 - Grenade launcher round - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: grenade launcher round contains the main detonator placed in the nose cone equipped with the graze percussion mechanism, gate valve of the safety mechanism, the mechanism of distant raising of the firing charge connected with a beam cap-detonator, initiating the executive detonator placed in filling of the grenade case which is rigidly connected with the chamber of combustion of the powder throwing charge closed from an end face by a diaphragm, bearing a cap-igniter. The main detonator in addition contains the contact gauge executed in a kind of elastic loaded metal cap, with possibility of longitudinal movement against the case, and programmed control interacting with a microcircuit of an electroigniter which reception aerial fastened on the nose cone. The beam cap-detonator is established in the gate valve, supplied with centrifugal lock carriages.

EFFECT: safety in maintenance and shooting and hypersensibility, especially at contact with rebounding corners and soft ground.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to close-range ammunition, and more particularly to main and special-purpose gun grenades, and can be used for under-barrel and automatic grenade launchers.

The level of this technical field is characterized by grenade launcher shots containing a head fuse equipped with an inertia-reaction mechanism, a slide gate of the safety mechanism, and a long-range cocking mechanism of the igniter, which communicates with the radiation detonator capsule, which initiates an executive detonator located in the filling of the grenade body, which is rigidly connected with a propellant propellant combustion chamber closed at the end by a diaphragm carrying an igniter capsule and add noe functional device (for example, see patent RU 2229679, F42B 30/04;. 2,135,941, F42V 12/20).

In the shot of patent 2229679, the additional device is an autonomous assembly unit made in the form of a shell installed with a guaranteed gap in a thin-walled grenade body, in which a pyrotechnic composition having an axial channel for explosive bombs is pressed in.

This shot for a grenade launcher allows, without changing the design, using different pyrotechnic filling compositions, to carry out grenades of various actions: HE, incendiary or smoke, which expands the functionality of a universal munition.

In the shot according to patent 2135941, the additional device is a knockout charge mounted on a transverse damping partition adjacent to the explosive filling of the grenade body, and located directly under the fuse, which is secured by rolling metal of the body along the profile of its bottom with an effort necessary for the structural unity of the shot to collection and sufficient for separation by the pressure developed by the powder gases of the expelling charge.

When meeting an obstacle with the energy of powder gases of an expelling charge, a fragmentation grenade, being freed from a fuse, is thrown reversely to a height of 0.5-1.5 m, where it is undermined, providing maximum effectiveness of the damaging effect.

In the described shots, various designs of the head fuse are used depending on the purpose and characteristics of the use of ammunition, the main functional elements of which are listed above.

So, in the head fuse according to the patent RU 2205362, F42C 9/14, the elements of the fire chain are interconnected by pyrotechnic channels and powder charges, and the shock reaction mechanism is structurally combined with a conical fairing.

The disadvantage of this head fuse is the large temporal dispersion of the response of structural elements due to the different transmission speeds of the fire pulse through pyrotechnics, which occupies a relatively large place in a limited space.

More perfect is the head fuse according to patent RU 2211437, F42C 9/14, which has an energy-containing current source connected to an electronic control unit for the functioning of structural elements.

As the closest analogue, a shot for a grenade launcher according to patent 2229679 was selected, which contains a head fuse placed in a conical fairing, equipped with an inertial-reaction firing mechanism, a slide gate of the safety mechanism, and a long-range cocking mechanism of the igniter, which communicates with the detonator radiation capsule initiating the executive detonator placed in the filling of the grenade body, which is rigidly connected to the combustion chamber of the propellant propellant charge, closed from the end a diaphragm carrying an igniter capsule and an additional functional device.

A disadvantage of the known shot is the unsatisfactory effectiveness of the main damaging effect due to the low sensitivity of the inertia-reaction mechanism of the head fuse at large angles of contact with the obstacle, especially soft soils, which can cause failure.

In addition, the most effective damaging effect of the grenade is limited by the impossibility of using it in accordance with the actual target designation due to the lack of operational control over the duration of the functional periods of time for the interaction of structural elements adapted to the shooting conditions.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to increase the functional reliability of the shot and expand its technological capabilities for combat use due to the active programming of the control during firing.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known shot for a grenade launcher containing a head fuse placed in a conical fairing, equipped with an inertial-reaction firing mechanism, a slide gate of the safety mechanism, a long-range cocking mechanism of the igniter, which communicates with the detonator beam capsule, initiating the executive detonator, placed in the filling of the grenade body, which is rigidly connected with the combustion chamber of the powder propellant charge, closed about from the end of the diaphragm carrying the igniter capsule and an additional functional device, according to the invention, the additional device is a contact sensor made in the form of longitudinally movable relative to the housing, elastically loaded, a metal cap interacting with a programmable control circuit of an electric igniter, the receiving antenna of which is mounted on fairing, and the radial detonator capsule is installed in a slide gate equipped with centrifugal locking carriages , Wherein the contact sensor cap rests on a helical spring mounted in the annular groove of the housing.

Distinctive features ensured the expansion of technological and functional capabilities of a shot to a grenade launcher with a compact head fuse, which is characterized by safety in official handling and shooting, has increased sensitivity, especially when meeting at ricochet angles and with soft soils, providing a given accuracy of operation.

The implementation in the conical fairing of the head fuse of an additional contact sensor, made in the form of a longitudinally movable relative to the body, elastically loaded, metal cover with a protrusion that interacts with the terminal of the electronic block of programmable control of structural elements, which has an onboard energy-containing power source, provides autonomy of operation with a given accuracy of operation executive detonator initiating grenade filling at a meeting (taking into account the time tim delay) with an obstacle or at a given flight distance.

The use of a microcircuit as an electronic unit with a program for controlling the operation of structural elements of a fuse freed up additional volume, compared with the optocoupler in the prototype, but most importantly, it expanded technological and functional capabilities while simplifying internal communications.

Equipping the shot with a receiving antenna, which is mounted on a conical fairing of a head grenade fuse connected with a control chip, provides active input of operational information about the range and time of detonation with each shot, that is, active programming of the control of functional elements is adequate to the combat situation. This additionally made it possible to exclude the autonomous self-destruction mechanism of the shot due to the universal firing circuit of fuse elements from different time commands from the control chip program.

The installation of the beam detonator capsule in the transversely movable slide gate of the safety mechanism ensures its use in the main functional purpose fire chain, with safe positioning inside the fuse case in the ammunition handling.

A tight connection between the rod stopper of the spring-loaded slide gate valve and centrifugal carriages reliably holds the detonator beam capsule out of the fire chain until the ammunition is radially untwisted in the gun barrel, which creates an additional level of protection, which increases the safety of storage and operation of artillery shots.

Centrifugal carriages are guaranteed, by definition, to ensure that the head fuse is triggered only on the flight path of the rotating munition, which increases functional reliability.

The spiral spring installed in the annular groove of the casing, on which the longitudinally movable cowl cover rests, acts as a cocking mechanism, releasing the annular groove of the casing when unscrewing only on the flight path of the munition, under the action of centrifugal rotation forces. In official circulation, in the dynamics of the supply of ammunition in the paths of automatic artillery weapons and when fired, this coil spring in a twisted state is a hard stop that prevents the linear movement of the cover and, therefore, premature firing of the fuse.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality, that is, the technical task posed is not solved by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the essential features.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which have purely illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of rights of the totality of the features of the formula. The drawings show:

figure 1 is a shot for a grenade launcher;

figure 2 - head fuse;

figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 2.

The proposed shot for a grenade launcher comprises a grenade body 1 filled with explosive 2, in which an executive detonator 3 of a head fuse 4 is placed.

A combustion chamber 5 of the propellant propellant charge 6, closed at the end of the detachable diaphragm 7, carrying an axial igniter 8, is fixed on the shank of the housing 1.

The head fuse 4 contains an inertial mechanism 9 made in the form of an ampoule electrolytic battery electrically connected to the microcircuit 10 and the contact sensor 11, equipped with a centrifugal safety device 12.

A receiving antenna 14 is attached to the conical fairing 13 and is connected to a microcircuit 10 electrically connected to an electric igniter 15.

Between the electric igniter 15 and the actuating detonator 3 (fire chain), a transversely movable slide gate valve 16 is mounted, carrying a beam detonator capsule 17, equipped with a long-range cocking mechanism 18, which fixes the electric ignitor 15 in official use outside the fire chain (to the left of the drawing).

Inside the fairing 13 (figure 2) in the housing 19 is installed an energy-containing power source in the form of an electrolytic battery 9 as a part of a glass ampoule 20 with an electrolyte 21 located inside the plate electrodes 22 above the stationary striker 23, relying on the plate springs 24.

On top of the ampoule 20 through the damping casing 25 is loaded with a massive sleeve 26, in the central window of which is placed a contact protrusion 27, interacting with the metal cap 28 of the casing 25, forming a contact sensor 11. The contact protrusion 27 is made on the mounted in the fairing 13 with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the housing 19 a metal cover 29, which is supported by a coil spring 30 mounted in an annular groove 31 of the housing 19 and the cowl 13 (centrifugal safety device 12).

The cover 29 relative to the housing 19 and the battery 9 is loaded with springs 32.

The gate valve 16 (figure 2) has a spring drive 33 transverse to its movement. In the initial position, the shutter 16 is in the extreme left position according to the drawing, when the radial detonator capsule 17 is located outside the fire chain, where it is held by rod stoppers 34, mounted on centrifugal carriages 35, loaded with springs 36, together acting as a long-range cocking mechanism 18. In this case, the spring contact 37 of the electric igniter 15 is shorted to the gate valve 16.

The fuse works as follows.

When fired from a rifled weapon, an igniter capsule 8 is initiated, the fire force of which ignites the powder charge 6 of the combustion chamber 5. The pressure of the powder gases of the burning charge 6 grenade receives a propelling impulse and, spinning, flies out of the barrel onto the trajectory of movement towards the target.

When you fly out of the barrel of the weapon through the receiving antenna 14, the electronic unit 10 receives information about the delay time, distant cocking (corresponding to a distance of 50 m). The self-destruction time (in particular 32 s) is set in the program of the microcircuit 10.

By inertia, the glass ampoule 20 dynamically moves under the action of the mass pulse of the sleeve 26 and the casing 25 downward relative to the electrodes 22, compressing the leaf springs 24, and breaks against the hammer 33. At the same time, the cover 29 is fixedly held by the spiral spring 30 of the centrifugal safety device 12.

The electrolyte 21 is poured between the plate electrodes 22, on which the voltage appears due to electrochemical reactions and an electric current is generated that feeds the microcircuit 10.

Under the action of the centrifugal forces of the rotating munition, a spiral spring 30 is untwisted, freeing the annular groove 31 in the housing 19, and the springs 36 (Fig. 3) of the carriages 35 are compressed, which move to the periphery, as a result of which the rod stoppers 34 release the slide gate 16. Under the action of the forces the elasticity of the drive spring 33, the flap 16 is moved to the opposite extreme position, installing the beam detonator capsule 17 on the fire chain of interaction with the electric igniter 15 and the executive detonator 3. Thus, I am a long cock, as a result of which the head fuse is ready for operation.

When the ammunition encounters a flight path with a target, a kinetic blow occurs, as a result of which the cover 29, compressing the springs 32, moves downward, interacting with the contact cap 28 with the protrusion 27. The electrical impulse from this circuit enters the electronic unit 10, which generates a command to detonate the electric igniter fifteen.

The torch of the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition of the electric igniter 15 initiates a beam detonator capsule 17, the blast wave of which triggers an executive detonator 3 through the influence, which undermines the filling 2 of the grenade body 1.

The sequence of actions is similar when the ammunition meets at maximum flight range with an obstacle at “zero” angles.

When the ammunition encounters an obstacle at ricochet angles, when the elastic forces of the springs 32 hold the cover 29 in the initial position, the ampoule 20 together with the casing 25 inertially continue longitudinal movement, as a result of which the cap 28 closes on the protrusion 27 of the cover 29. In this case, an electric pulse enters an electronic unit 10 that initiates an electric igniter 15.

The distance of remote detonation on the trajectory is set in the form of a time code entering the electronic unit 10 through the antenna 14 when fired, and the self-liquidation time is recorded in its control program, but in principle it can be transmitted as the time of remote detonation.

At a given flight distance, a control pulse from block 10 is transmitted to an electric igniter 15 and, like the one described above, ammunition is undermined.

The exclusion from the structure of the head fuse of the pyrotechnic charges of the interconnection of the executive elements freed up the volume inside the small-sized fuse design, which was significantly simplified, in particular, due to the reduction in the range of components. As a result, the manufacturing technology of the head fuse has been unified and its consumer value has been reduced.

The advantage of the proposed design is its suitability for firing from artillery systems that are not equipped with an information input device. In this case, the head shot fuse of the invention functions as a standard contact fuse.

Claims (2)

1. Shot for a grenade launcher, containing a head fuse located in the fairing, equipped with an inertial-reaction firing mechanism, a slide gate of the safety mechanism, and a long-range cocking mechanism of the igniter, which communicates with the radiation detonator capsule, which initiates an executive detonator located in the filling of the grenade body, which is rigidly connected with the combustion chamber of the propellant propellant charge closed at the end by a diaphragm carrying an igniter capsule, characterized in that The tin fuse further comprises a contact sensor made in the form of an elastically loaded metal cap, with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the housing, and interacting with a programmable control circuit of an electric igniter, the receiving antenna of which is mounted on the fairing, and the beam detonator capsule is installed in a slide gate equipped with centrifugal locking carriages . 2. The shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal cap rests on a spiral spring installed in the annular groove of the housing.

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