RU2341555C1 - Lubrication composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: composition contains in wt % antifoam additive "ПМС-200А" - 0.002-0.005, anti oxidation additive "Агидол"-1-0.6-0.8, viscosity additive "ПИБ"-1000 - 5-6, anti-wear, anti-splitting and antifriction additives "Феном" 2-3, mineral transmission oil from group "ТМ"-3-18 20-25, rapeseed oil - to 100.

EFFECT: increasing of thermo-oxidation stability, improvement of antifriction, anti-wear and anti-splitting properties, reduction of ecological danger.

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Description

The claimed technical solution relates to the composition of lubricants based on vegetable oils and can be used in agriculture, processing and food industries, water transport for lubricating machine components and mechanisms in order to reduce environmental hazard.

Known domestic transmission oil TM-3-18 GOST 23652-79, recommended for heavily loaded cylindrical, bevel and spiral-bevel gears, produced from a mixture of distillate and residual oils of sulphurous oils. Contains extreme pressure, antiwear and anti-foam additives.

The disadvantage of TM-3-18 transmission oil is its low anti-wear and anti-friction properties, and the use of lubricants based on petroleum products is environmentally hazardous.

In order to protect the environment in the production of lubricants, vegetable oils are increasingly used. Due to the fact that rapeseed oil at its cost is the cheapest compared to others, such as sunflower, corn and soybean oil, its use is preferred.

The closest analogue of the inventive lubricant composition selected for the prototype is the lubricant composition RU 2235759 C2, priority dated 04/08/2003, which contains 5-10% stearic acid, 5-7% multifunctional additive A-22, 3-4% viscosity additives Litol-24, 0.002-0.005% anti-foam additive PMS-200A and up to 100% vegetable oil. A rapeseed oil-based lubricant composition ensures its effective use in a wide temperature range in many industries, however, the aforementioned lubricant has disadvantages:

the need to disperse the viscosity additive Litol-24 with ultrasonic waves in the oil volume, which leads to an increase in the cost of doping technology with additives;

low sedimentation stability, increased tendency to degradation under the influence of mechanical forces and high temperatures, Litol-24 grease used as a viscosity additive and having a high molecular weight;

relatively low antiwear, extreme pressure and antifriction properties of the lubricant composition;

increased acid number of the lubricant composition due to the presence of stearic acid used as an antioxidant additive;

relatively low indicators of thermal oxidative stability of the lubricant composition, since there are no antioxidant additives for gear oils.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a lubricating composition based on rapeseed oil with improved antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-friction, anti-seize and viscous properties, providing increased durability of transmission units, the use of which is safe for the environment.

The solution to this problem is achieved by replacing most of the petroleum mineral oils of the TM-3-18 group (TAP-15V - GOST 23652-79) with a lubricant composition based on rapeseed oil doped with additives: Agidol-1, PIB-1000, PMS-200A and Fen at the following ratios of components, wt.%:

- antifoam additive PMS-200A - 0.002 ... 0.005;

- antioxidant additive Agidol-1 - 0.6 ... 0.8;

- antiwear and antifriction additive Fenom - 2 ... 3;

- viscosity additive PIB-1000 - 5 ... 6;

- mineral transmission oil of the TM-3-18 group - 20 ... 25;

- rapeseed oil - up to 100.

Fenom is a metal conditioner for mechanical transmissions, consisting of surfactants, antioxidants and compositions of heat-resistant polymers, and is an additive that improves the antiwear, antifriction and extreme pressure properties of the lubricating composition (V. Balabanov and others. “Tribotechnology in the technical service of machines ", P. 127, Moscow .: Emerald, 2005). PIB-1000 - low molecular weight polyisobutylene (molecular weight 950-1050). Agidol-1 is an antioxidant additive of 4-methyl-2.6-ditretic butylphenol. PMS-200A - poly-methyl siloxane.

The technical, economic and environmental efficiency of the lubricant composition in tractor power transmissions has been experimentally established.

The first stage of experimental research is to increase the thermal-oxidative stability of a rapeseed oil-based lubricant composition.

The goal was achieved by mixing rapeseed oil with mineral oil of the TM-3-18 group, hereinafter referred to as a lubricant composition, followed by alloying the resulting lubricant composition with an antioxidant additive Agidol-1 (TU 38.5901237-90) at a concentration recommended by the manufacturer. The stability of the oil samples was determined on a DK NAMI instrument according to GOST 11063-78, test conditions: test time - 20 hours at a temperature of 140 ° C. The following lubricants were used in the experiment:

- sample No. 1 (mineral transmission oil of the TM-3-18 group);

- sample No. 2 (rapeseed oil);

- sample No. 3 (85% rapeseed oil + 15% mineral group TM-3-18);

- sample No. 4 (55% rapeseed oil + 45% mineral group TM-3-18);

- sample No. 5 (rapeseed oil + 0.7% Agidol-1);

- sample No. 6 (85% rapeseed oil + 15% mineral group TM-3-18 + 0.7% Agidol-1);

- sample No. 7 (55% rapeseed oil + 45% mineral group TM-3-18 + 0.7% Agidol-1);

- sample No. 8 (prototype).

The results of the experiments are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Thermal Oxidation Stability Tests Oil sample The change in kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C,% Sediment in petroleum ether,% one 5 0.05 2 41 0.82 3 21 0.4 four 10 0.22 5 24 0.44 6 9 0.15 7 3 0,03 8 28 0.6

The analysis of the obtained experimental data confirms the advisability of using mineral oil of the TM-3-18 group and the antioxidant additive Agidol as additives to rapeseed oil. So the antioxidant properties of the lubricating composition increase with increasing concentration of mineral oil and in sample No. 7 exceed the values of TM-3-18 oil.

Using the optimization method, the composition of the lubricant composition was determined (in the tables - SC), which meets the requirements for the thermal oxidative stability of oils of the TM-3-18 group: 30% mineral transmission oil of the TM-3-18 group + 0.7% Agidol-1 + rapeseed oil up to 100%.

At the next stage of research, the lubricant composition was alloyed with additives for transmission units: metal-clad (Rimet-T (TU 0257-025-12288779-00), Renom-T (TU 0257-059-18948455-02) and MKF-18 (TU 38.1011127- 87)) and metal conditioner (Fenom (TU 0257-032-18948455-00)) in order to increase anti-friction, extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. The tests were carried out on a friction machine 2070 SMT-1 according to the “roller-roller” scheme with 15% slippage, which allows us to simulate the conditions of gearing for mechanical transmissions.

Test conditions: duration 3 hours; load of 2000 N; rotation speed 1000 min ^-1 ; oil volume V = 150 ml; the concentration of abrasive particles (S = 5600 cm ² / g) 0.25% wt .; material of rollers - steel 25 HGT, hardness HRC = 58 ... 62.

table 2 Comparative Wear Test Results Name of lubricant and additive Mass wear of samples, mg Friction moment, Nm TM-3-18 30.6 four Rapeseed oil 39.2 4.4 SC 33.8 3.9 prototype 34.1 four SC + 1% MKF-18 24.1 3,1 SK + 3% Renom-T 25.3 3.2 SK + 3% Rimet-T 28.66 4.1 SK + 2% Fenom 20.1 2,8

Based on the results of wear tests, a lubricant composition doped with Fen 2% was found to reduce abrasive wear by 34% and friction torque by 30% compared to TM-3-18 oil.

Tests were made on the extreme pressure properties of the lubricant composition doped with additives. Testing conditions for extreme pressure properties:

- friction machine 2070 SMT-1; oil volume V = 2 ml, load P = 2000 N, rotation speed n = 1000 rpm.

Table 3 Anti-seize properties of lubricant compositions Test oils Time to badass, s TM-3-18 765 Rapeseed oil 510 SC 633 SC + 1% MKF-18 735 SK + 3% Renom-T 695 SK + 3% Rimet-T 680 SK + 2% Fenom 750 prototype 662

Based on the obtained experimental results, a lubricating composition with the addition of 2% Phen (TU 02570321894845500) was selected, which exhibits the best anti-wear, anti-friction and extreme pressure properties. To improve the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the lubricant composition, a viscosity additive PIB-1000 (low molecular weight polyisobutylene TU 38.401-58-333-2004) was introduced at a concentration of 4 ... 8%.

The molecular weight of polyisobutylene was chosen based on the fact that the lubricant composition is intended to replace the transmission oil of the TM-3-18 group and to use agricultural tractors in the transmission units, where specific loads are up to 3000 MPa. So when using polyisobutylene with a high molecular weight of up to 30,000 during the operation of transmission units as a result of high specific loads and temperature flashes in the friction zone, the destruction of the viscosity additive occurs, accompanied by a decrease in the molecular weight and viscosity of the lubricant [see AMKuliev Chemistry and technology of additives to oils and fuels]. The viscosity of the studied lubricant compositions are shown in table 4.

Table 4 Viscosity of the studied lubricant compositions Test oils Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, mm ² / s TM-3-18 fifteen Rapeseed oil 8.6 SC 11.3 SK + 2% Fenom 11.5 SK + 2% Phenom + 4% PIB-1000 14.3 SK + 2% Phenom + 8% PIB-1000 18.2

From table 4, using the optimization method, the optimal concentration of polyisobutylene was determined at which the lubricating composition has the best viscosity-temperature characteristic: 0.7% Agidol-1 + 2% Phenom + 20 ... 25% mineral transmission oil of the TM-3- group 18 oil + 5.5% polyisobutylene + up to 100% rapeseed.

In order to reduce foaming when used in transmission units, the lubricant composition was alloyed with the PMS-200A antifoam additive (OST 6-02-20-79) at a concentration of 0.002 ... 0.005%.

The resulting lubricant composition was checked for compliance with the requirements for mineral oil group TM-3-18 (table 5)

Table 5 Comparative characteristics of oils and lubricant composition Indicators Prototype TAP-15V (TM-3-18) Rapeseed oil Lubricating composition (complete composition) Viscosity: kinematic, mm ² / s, at 100 ° С 14.8 fifteen 8.3 15.4 dynamic, Pa · s, at - 15 ° С 75 160 65 105 Temperature, ° С: open crucible flash 245 225 260 250 solidification -22 -twenty -eighteen -twenty Mass fraction,% mechanical impurities 0.01 0,027 no 0.012 water no traces no no phosphorus 0.08 0,064 no 0.02 sulfur 1.75 1,03 no 0.3 Corrosion test of steel and copper plates for 3 hours at 100 ° C withstands withstands withstands withstands Stability on the device DK-NAMI (140 ° C, 20 h): kinematic viscosity change at 100 ° С,% 25 5 41 5 precipitate in petroleum ether,% 0.7 0.05 0.82 0.04 Ash content,% 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 Tribotechnical characteristics at ChShM: wear indicator (D _and ) at an axial load of 392 N (40 kgf) at (20 ± 5) ° C, for 1 h, mm 0.61 0.50 0.82 0.45 Compatibility with rubber of the UIM-1 brand (volume change),% 8.05 8.81 6.7 8.1

The inventive lubricant composition based on a natural product, namely rapeseed oil, contains TM-3-18 mineral transmission oil and Agidol-1 additive as additives, which compensate for the low thermal-oxidative stability of the base of the lubricant composition - rapeseed oil. Also, the Fenom additive for mechanical transmissions is included in the lubricating composition, which increases the antifriction, antiwear and extreme pressure properties. To increase the viscosity of the lubricating composition, the additive PIB-1000 is used, which has a greater degree of resistance to degradation compared to the Litol-24 grease used in the prototype. Replacing most of the oil derived from petroleum products with a rapeseed oil based lubricant composition is safe for the environment.

Claims (1)

Rapeseed oil based lubricant composition containing PMS-200A antifoam additive, antioxidant additive, viscosity additive, antiwear, anti-seize and anti-friction additive, characterized in that it additionally contains TM-3-18 mineral transmission oil, contains Agidol- as an antioxidant 1, as a viscosity additive - PIB-1000, as an anti-wear, anti-seize and anti-friction additive - Fen in the following ratio of components, wt.%: PMS-200A 0.002-0.005 Agidol-1 0.6-0.8 Hair dryer 2-3 PIB-1000 5-6 mineral transmission oil of group TM-3-18 20-25 rapeseed oil up to 100