RU2341339C2 - Grain separating unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: grain separating unit contains feeding device, receivers, separators with the identical apertures, established with longitudinal displacement in which top part, except the first one, continuous transport devices are located, with the punched transport devices behind them. Between the separators clamping cloths with the fissured apertures are established. The separators, continuous and punched transport devices are executed of the cylindrical form and form the separator drum fixed on the transmission shaft. The clamping cloths are executed cylindrical, established in the bottom part cylindrical separators and fixed on the shaft with possibility of movement along it. Receivers of small, basic and long fractions are located one under another consistently behind the separator drum.

EFFECT: productivity increase of the grain separating unit.

2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to techniques for cleaning and sorting grain seeds at the post-harvest processing of grain crops.

A known grain cleaning machine comprising a sieve drum connected to a rotor located inside it, a vibrator and a frame (see SU No. 710662, B07B 1/26, 25.01.80).

A disadvantage of the known machine is the low productivity and the inability to separate short and long impurities.

The closest in purpose and technical essence to the proposed invention is a grain cleaning machine, including installed one below the other with a longitudinal displacement of the sieve, in front of the top of which are solid transport boards, and in front of the lower ones - perforated transport boards. Clamping plates are installed above each sieve at its discharge end (see SU No. 1489850, В07В 1/12, 06/30/89).

A disadvantage of the known machine, adopted as a prototype, is the low productivity.

Thus, the problem solved by the present invention is to intensify the process of cleaning and sorting grain seeds.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the productivity of the grain cleaning machine.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known grain cleaning machine containing a feeding device, receivers, sieves with the same openings are installed with longitudinal displacement, in the upper part of which, in addition to the first, solid transport devices are located, behind them are perforated transport devices, between which clamping cloths with slit-like openings are installed and sieves, according to the invention of the sieve, continuous and perforated transport devices are made of cylindrical shape and form the sieve drum is mounted on the drive shaft, clamping webs are also made cylindrical, mounted in the bottom of the sieve drum and secured to the shaft to be movable therealong, wherein the receivers are small, basic, and the long fraction arranged in series one below the other for the sieve drum.

Distinctive features of the claimed invention are a new form of execution of the main structural elements of a grain cleaning machine, namely, the implementation of sieves, clamping sheets, solid and perforated cylindrical devices, as well as fixing them on the drive shaft. This embodiment of the main structural elements of the claimed device allows you to use not only the gravity of the particles of grain material (as in the prototype), but also additionally use the action of centrifugal forces of the rotational motion of the drive shaft, which increases the likelihood of passage particles to the surface of the sieves and the passage into the holes of the sieves, and also passage through perforated transport devices, which ultimately provides an increase in the performance of the grain cleaning machine s. In addition, the implementation of the structural elements of the machine in a cylindrical shape allows to reduce the overall dimensions of the machine compared with the prototype. Cylindrical clamping cloths with slit-like openings, installed between the sieves with the possibility of moving up and down the shaft, can increase the efficiency of separation of long impurities due to the fact that long impurities are oriented along cylindrical sieves and perforated transport devices. Thus, the likelihood of them getting into the holes of the sieves is reduced.

Thus, it is the distinctive features of the claimed invention in combination with the known features that achieve the technical result indicated in the invention.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of a grain cleaning machine, figure 2 - clamping cloth.

The grain cleaning machine comprises a feeding device 2 mounted on a cylindrical housing 1. In the housing 1, cylindrical sieves 3 with identical openings are installed with longitudinal displacement, the working size of which is greater than the width of the processed grain seeds. In the upper part of the sieves 3, in addition to the first, there are continuous transport devices 4 made in the form of continuous cylindrical canvases. Behind the transport devices 4 and sieves 3, perforated cylindrical transport devices 5 are installed. The sieves 3, solid 4 and perforated 5 transport devices form a sieve drum 6 mounted on the drive shaft 7. Between the sieves 3 and the perforated devices 5 in the lower part of the sieve drum 6 are clamped blades 8 of cylindrical shape, mounted on the shaft 7. Cylindrical clamping blades 8 have a device 9 for moving them along the shaft 7. Cylindrical clamping blades are fixed between second due to crossings and welded to the sleeve. In the canvases 8, slit-like openings are made 10. Behind the sieve drum 6, successively 11, 12, 13 receivers, respectively, of fine, main and long fractions, are mounted successively under each other. The grain cleaning machine comprises an electric motor 14 with a V-belt drive 15 connected to a shaft 7.

The proposed machine operates as follows.

Grain material to be cleaned is fed evenly by the feeding device 2 into the housing 1 onto the sieve drum 6 (see Fig. 1). Under the action of centrifugal forces of the rotational movement of the drum 6, the drive of which is carried out by an electric motor 14 and a V-belt drive 15, particles of grain material are pressed to the surface of the first sieve 3, and under the action of the gravity of the particles move along its generatrix from top to bottom. Under the action of these forces, the material is sifted through the holes of the first sieve 3, falling on the upper continuous transport device 4 or on the second sieve 3, then falls on the third, etc. At the same time, small particles of grain material on each sieve 3 are sieved before the main grain, part of them is concentrated on transport devices 4, part is sifted through sieve 3. These particles are sifted faster than other particles through perforated transport devices 5 and enter the fine fraction receiver 11. Particles of long impurities (parts of spikelets, wild oats, etc.) have a lower sieving intensity, i.e. they linger longer on each cylindrical sieve 3 until they enter their holes, move along them and are sifted in the lower sections of the external cylindrical sieve and fall onto the cylindrical clamping webs 8. And the main fraction (grain), having a lower sifting intensity, than fine impurities, but more intense than long impurities, stands out in the middle sections of the external cylindrical sieve.

Moving the cylindrical clamping sheets along the shaft allows you to increase the efficiency of the selection of long impurities when cleaning grain of various crops.

The width of the slit 10 of the cylindrical clamping webs is selected so that long particles do not pass, and the particles of the main grain pass due to rotation around the edge of the slit. Thus, the particles of long impurities go down and fall into the receiver 13, and the particles of the main grain fall on the cylindrical sieve 3. Another part of the main fraction with long impurities, moving, falls between the cylindrical sieves 3 and the cylindrical clamping webs 8. Cylindrical clamping webs do not they allow particles of long impurity to rotate around the edge of the hole of the cylindrical sieve, so they, moving along the sieve, get into the gathering and enter the receiver 13, and the particles of the main grain pass into the hole sieves, do not fall on a cylindrical sieve, but on a cylindrical clamping web 8, pass into the slots of a cylindrical clamping cloth, fall on a cylindrical sieve, etc. Thus, in the lower sections of the sieve drum due to the installation of cylindrical clamping webs between the sieves is an intensive allocation of long impurities.

Claims (1)

A grain cleaning machine containing a feeding device, receivers, sieves with the same openings, mounted with longitudinal displacement, in the upper part of which, in addition to the first, solid transport devices are located, followed by perforated transport devices, clamping sheets with slit-like openings are installed between the sieves, characterized in that that the sieves, continuous and perforated transport devices are made of cylindrical shape and form a sieve drum mounted on the drive shaft, clamping webs are also made cylindrical, mounted in the lower part of the cylindrical sieves and mounted on the shaft with the possibility of movement along it, while the receivers of small, main and long fractions are located one after another sequentially behind the sieve drum.

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