RU2338884C1 - Rotary-vortex machine with ceramic working members - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: proposed machine incorporates stator (S) and rotor (R) with toroidal working chamber (TC) between them, the said rotor and stator being made in wear-resistant high-temperature ceramic material with plain-parallel polished surfaces. The aforesaid TC communicates with the working medium inlet and outlet channels arranged in the rotor. The said TC houses the blades and separator coupled with the stator and rotor, respectively. Every blade has a front edge facing the rotor. The aforesaid separator is furnished with separating edges limiting separator surface part facing the aforesaid front edges. The blade face edges facing the stator and the separator surface are polished flush with the contact surfaces of the rotor and stator. The stator semi-chamber is furnished with semi-circular-section groove guides, the said grooves being arranged at an angle to the TC walls. The rotor semi-chamber width exceeds that of the stator be the depth of the said groove on the side of every aforesaid semi-chamber. The rotor and stator are arranged in the housing with seals and lubrication on contact surfaces so as to allow the force of their clamping. The rotor runs between the stator and the ceramic polished contact surface plate to allow eliminate all possible backlashes between working members and drag in the rotor.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, longer life, expanded performances.

11 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rotary vortex devices and can be used as a pump, compressor or engine in various fields of engineering, in particular when operating in the pump or compressor mode with aggressive and especially clean working media in a wide temperature range.

One of the main tasks in the design of rotary vortex machines operating both in engine mode and in pump or compressor mode is to reduce hydraulic and aerodynamic losses in them, which is directly related to an increase in their efficiency.

Known vortex machine [USSR AS No. 378657, class. F04D 17/06, 1973], in the device of which the working elements of the rotor and stator form a toroidal working chamber, while the working blades are placed in the grooves of the rotor with the possibility of radial movement and are coupled to a ring eccentrically mounted relative to the axis of the rotor, the bearing. This allows you to reduce the gaps between the blades and the cutter (separator) and, accordingly, to reduce the flow of the working medium from the side of the outlet channel to the side of the underwater channel.

In a vortex machine [USSR AS No. 1770608 A1, cl. F04D 5/00, 1992] to reduce hydraulic losses, annular grooves were made and mechanical seals were installed between the rotating working elements. However, both in the first and in the second case, such measures are not effective enough and insignificantly affect the increase in the efficiency of the vortex machine. In addition, the radial movement of the blades in the rotor, the eccentric rotation of the bearing and the use of movable mechanical seals leads to their rapid wear, which significantly reduces the life of such vortex machines.

Known vortex vacuum pump [RU 2070993, cl. F04D 23/00, 1996], in which the impeller (rotor) rotates between two stators, in one of which there are windows for suction and discharge of the working medium and a separator, and in the other there is a slot for purging and a visor for changing the direction of gas flow. The disadvantages of this design are low efficiency, large leaks through gaps, limited scope.

Closest to the invention is a rotary vortex machine operating in the engine, pump or compressor mode [RU 2121608, cl. F04D 5/00, 1998], adopted as a prototype. In this device, a stator with rotor blades placed in it and a rotor with a separator placed in it with shutoff edges bounding a portion of the separator surface form a toroidal working chamber. The working medium is supplied and removed from it through the corresponding channels in the rotor located on both sides of the separator. When the rotor rotates (operation of the rotary vortex machine in pump mode), the rarefaction and absorption of the working medium occur in the underwater channel, and due to the pressure difference on both sides of the separator, it is pumped into the outlet channel.

Although the efficiency of such a rotary vortex machine (hereinafter RVM) is quite high compared to the above analogs and other devices of this type, its design has the drawbacks mentioned above. Despite the optimization of the dimensions of the structural elements and the design of the RVM as a whole, it also contains significant hydraulic losses in the working chamber due to leaks of the working medium at the contact points of the rotor and stator surfaces, and aerodynamic losses occur between the blades and the separator surface due to spontaneous vortex formation of the working medium flow in the working chamber.

The invention is aimed at achieving technical results that can improve the characteristics of the prototype, using ceramic materials with their structural and technological features for the manufacture of parts of a rotary vortex machine. It is known that ceramic materials such as materials based on aluminum oxide, nitride or silicon carbide have increased erosion resistance, they are not susceptible to corrosion, which allows them to be used in devices with dispersive flows of the working environment, as well as when working with extremely clean workers environments, for example in the food and pharmaceutical industries, while extending the life of such devices and expanding their scope.

In addition, the resistance of ceramic materials to aggressive liquids, such as acids and alkalis, is known. Also known is the high heat resistance of these materials and the possibility of their use at temperatures up to 1000 ° Celsius, which greatly expands the technical capabilities and applications of RVM with ceramic working elements.

The objective of the invention is to increase efficiency, increase the useful life, expand the technical capabilities and applications of rotary vortex machines.

The technical result is achieved in that in a rotary vortex machine containing a stator and a rotor, between which a toroidal working chamber is formed, connected with channels for supplying and discharging a working medium, in which blades and a separator are located, made with cut-off edges that limit a portion of the surface of the separator facing the leading edges of the blades, according to the invention, the rotor and stator are solid cast from a wear-resistant high-temperature ceramic material and have plane-parallel polished s contact surface. The separator, the underwater and outlet channels are made in the stator, and the working blades are located in the rotor, and the end edges of the working blades facing the stator and the surface of the separator are also polished flush with the contacting surfaces of the rotor and stator, and guides with a semicircular groove profile are made in the stator half-chamber at an angle to the walls of the working chamber, with the half-chamber of the rotor wider than the half-chamber of the stator to the depth of the groove on each side of the half-chamber, and the rotor and stator are installed in the pump housing using seals, greases on the contact surfaces and the ability to control their pressing force, while the rotary vortex machine is equipped with a ceramic disk, the surface of which is also polished on the contact side, and the rotor is installed between the stator and the ceramic disk.

The width of the toroidal working half-chamber of the stator b = Rmax-Rmin, and the ratio Rmax / Rmin = k, where Rmax and Rmin are the distances from the stator axis to the far and near edges of the toroidal working half-chamber of the stator RVM; k values vary in the range from 1.3 to 2.0, depending on the dimensions of the RVM.

The use of ceramic materials with their structural and technological features for the manufacture of RVM working parts makes it possible to manufacture a stator with at least two spacers even for RVM of small diameter, which increases its productivity, and the RVM design, which includes two stators and a rotor between them with two rows working blades, makes it possible to increase not only productivity, but also the pressure at the outlet of the RVM while maintaining the remaining parameters of the RVM unchanged.

The manufacture of working parts is seamless, grinding and subsequent polishing with the formation of plane-parallel contact surfaces of the rotor and stator, as well as grinding and polishing the end edges of the working blades and the separator surface flush with the contacting surfaces, eliminates almost all the gaps between the contact surfaces, eliminates possible distortions during rotation of the rotor and minimizes hydraulic losses in the working chamber, and the implementation of the guide grooves in the working chamber helps to reduce aerodynamic losses in the conditions of spontaneous vortex formation of the working fluid flow and the direction of the working fluid flow in the direction of discharge.

In general, this leads to an increase in the efficiency of RVM. In addition, compliance with plane parallelism on the contact surfaces prevents the formation of local areas of wear on these surfaces, which contributes to an increase in the life of the RVM.

The presence of recesses filled with vacuum grease on the contact surfaces of the rotor and stator and the ability to control the pressing forces of the working parts in the pump housing allows you to choose the optimal conditions to reduce friction between the contact surfaces and reduce wear of the working parts, which also helps to increase the life of the PBM with ceramic working elements.

The device differs from the known ones in that the RVM working elements are made entirely of erosion-resistant high-temperature ceramic materials with plane-parallel polished contact surfaces, guide grooves with a semicircular section profile are made in the working chamber, and recesses for vacuum lubrication are made on the contact surfaces, which makes it possible to judge the conformity of the claimed technical solutions to the criterion of "novelty"

The RVM device is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a RVM with one toroidal working chamber, Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a two-stage RVM with two toroidal working chambers, Fig. 3 shows a section of a stator with two separators, Fig. 4 a section of the stator is shown, FIG. 5 is a top view of the stator (arrow A), FIG. 6 is a section of the stator along BB, FIG. 7 is a section of the rotor, FIG. 8 is a top view of the rotor (arrow G) ), Fig.9 shows a section of the rotor according to DD.

The PBM (Fig. 1) comprises a housing 1, fixed seals 2, 7, a stator 3 and a rotor 5 with the toroidal working chamber 4 formed by them, a fixed ceramic washer 6, a pressure washer 8, a spring 9, a cover 10 of the housing 1 and a drive shaft 11. Underwater 12 and outlet 14 channels (Figs. 3, 5) are located on both sides of the separator 13, and the guide grooves 16 (Fig. 5) are made in the working half-chamber of the stator 3. Two holes are made in the base of the housing 1 opposite the underwater 12 and the outlet 14 (not shown in the drawing).

The values of the angle of inclination of the guide grooves 16 (figure 5), in the direction of rotation of the rotor 5 (figure 1), relative to the line perpendicular to the walls of the working chamber, are at least 45 degrees (the angle is not shown in the drawings). The outer contours (the outer configuration in the form of a square with rounded corners on the example of (Figs. 5, 6) of the stator 3 and the fixed ceramic washer 6 (Fig. 1)) are made so that their faces have a small gap relative to the faces of the seat in the housing 1 PBMs prevented them from spinning. So the fixed ceramic working elements of the RVM are fixed from rotation relative to the housing 1 due to the geometry of their outer contour and the reciprocal seat in the housing 1 of the RVM.

In the device of the two-stage RVM (figure 2), the rotor 5 and two separate identical stator 3 form two toroidal working chambers 4, while the rotor 5 is made integral with two half chambers and one row of working blades in each half chamber, while one row of working blades is mirror displaying another relative to their common base, and the outlet channel 14 of the first stator is connected to the underwater channel 12 of the second stator. Thus, it is possible to form from two or more stages of the PBM. The number of steps depends on the set pressure and flow rate. If necessary, check valves are installed in separate steps in the underwater and bypass channels. As in the single-stage design of the RVM (figure 1), all the contacting surfaces of the working elements of the two-stage RVM (figure 2) are polished.

The optimal width b of the toroidal working half-chamber of the stator (the results were obtained on experimental samples of RVM with ceramic working elements) is determined by the difference between Rmax and Rmin, and the ratio Rmax / Rmin = k, where

Rmax and Rmin are the distances from the stator axis to the far and near edges of the toroidal working half-chamber of the stator PBM (Fig. 4);

- the values of k vary in the range from 1.3 to 2.0, depending on the dimensions of the PBM.

, при этом на практике количество рабочих лопаток в рабочей камере устанавливают по ближайшему к значению n целому числу, кратному трем.The number of blades n in the toroidal bladder is determined to a first approximation from the relation n = 2πRmax / l, where π = 3.14, and l is the distance between the centers of the end edges of the blades 18, is determined by the formula

, however, in practice, the number of blades in the working chamber is set at the nearest integer multiple of three to the value n.

Sharp edges parallel to the end edges of the working blades are made on the end surfaces of the separator 13 from the side of the underwater 12 and outlet channel 14 (Fig. 5). The distance between the sharp edges of the separator is designed so that no more than two end edges of the working blades are in contact with the surface of the separator. The working blades 18 (Fig.9) perform straight in the radial direction or with a slight bulge. The end edges of the blades 18 (Fig.9) are made with a small allowance and polished flush with the contact surface of the rotor-stator. The angle of inclination of the blades in the direction of discharge of the working medium does not exceed 20 degrees.

Solid parts of the rotor and stator are made using slip casting technology or powder pressing, followed by firing and machining. Working parts of the PBM can be made of ceramic materials based on alumina, nitride or silicon carbide, as well as other materials, such as cermets or ceramic. The PBM can also be made of reinforced polymeric materials, for example, polypropylene with glass filler.

To reduce the noise arising during the operation of the PBM, at least one channel is made in the middle of the separator 13, into which the cartridge 17 (Fig. 6) is inserted with sound-absorbing material, for example, with a fine mesh of carbon or Kevlar filaments. The cassette is installed so that its surface is below the polished surface of the separator 13 by 0.5-1.0 mm.

The PBM can operate in a vacuum pump mode, while the recesses 15 (FIGS. 5, 8) on the contact surfaces are also filled with vacuum grease. The diameter of the recesses 15, made on the contact surface of the rotor or stator, is chosen so as not to reduce the strength of the working parts. In this case, the recesses on the contact surface are circumferentially displaced by an angle of 120 to 180 degrees, and the recesses on the separator are designed so that they are in the plane of contact with the end edges of the blades. The recesses for lubrication on a fixed ceramic washer 6 can be made in the form of through holes.

When operating a RVM in working with high-temperature working fluids, materials with a high melting point, for example, lead, tin, annealed copper, etc., are used as seals 2, 7 (Fig. 1) of ceramic working elements relative to the housing 1.

The assembly of the PBM (figure 1) is as follows. A stator 3 is installed on the base of the housing 1 complete with a seal 2 from the side of the underwater and outlet channels. Then, the rotor 5 and the fixed ceramic washer 6 are installed, having previously lubricated the contact surfaces with appropriate grease. After that, the seal 7 and the clamping washer 8 are installed, then the drive shaft 11, the spring 9 are installed and the housing cover is fixed 10. The pressing force of the ceramic assembly of the PBM elements is adjusted using special screws in the cover 10 of the PBM case 1 (not shown in the drawing). In some cases, the cover 10 is fixed to the housing 1 of the PBM using a threaded connection. Simplification of the assembly is achieved through the technology of manufacturing ceramic parts RVM with a certain geometric shape. Ceramic parts 3 and 6 are made with an external contour in the form of a square in order to immediately fix them in a housing having the same geometry as the corresponding seat, from their rotation relative to the housing 1 of the PBM. The connection of the rotor 5 and the drive shaft 11, which respectively have a square hole 19 and a reciprocal seat on the shaft, does not require special fastening between them.

RVM in pump or compressor mode operates as follows. Solid rotor 5 and stator 3, made of wear-resistant ceramic material with polished contacting surfaces, form a toroidal working chamber 4 (Fig. 1), while rotor 5 rotates between stator 3 and ceramic disk 6 or between two stators 3 (Fig. 2), the surfaces of which on the contact side are polished. The flow of the working medium after the separator 13 from the underwater channel 12 is sucked due to rarefaction into the toroidal working chamber 4 (Fig. 1) and, approaching the bypass channel 14 in front of the separator 13 (Fig. 6), it is pumped into the bypass channel 14 under pressure. The two-stage RVM works in a similar way, with the outlet channel 14 of the first stator being connected to the underwater channel 12 of the second stator. When working with viscous fluids, the working blades 18 (Fig.9) have an inclination in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor.

In engine mode, the RVM operates as follows. The flow of the working medium under pressure is fed into the underwater channel of the working chamber 4 of the PBM, where it acquires a vortex-like character. In this case, channels 12 and 14 change their functions, channel 14 is used as underwater, channel 12 as a bypass. A pressure differential is created on both sides of the separator 13 between the underwater and outlet channels due to the inability to flow the working medium through the separator 13. The vortex-like flow in the working chamber 4 moves in the direction of decreasing pressure (towards the outlet channel) and acts on the rotor blades 18, forcing the rotor 5 rotate with the drive shaft 11 mounted on it.

RVM (figure 1, 2), taking into account minor hydrodynamic and aerodynamic losses in the working chamber, can operate at sufficiently low drive speeds, while maintaining high values of efficiency. To increase the life of the PBM in the seats of the drive shaft relative to the housing, bushings of the same material can be used. At high engine speeds, the drive shaft is mounted on bearings.

Thus, this technical solution in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the advantages of increasing efficiency, increasing the life of the device, expanding the technical capabilities and applications of rotary vortex machines.

Claims (11)

1. A rotary vortex machine containing a stator and a rotor, between which a toroidal working chamber is formed, connected to the suction and discharge channels, in which the blades and a separator are located, made with cut-off edges defining a part of the separator surface facing the front edges of the blades, characterized the fact that the stator and rotor are made of cast from wear-resistant high-temperature ceramic material and have plane-parallel, polished contact surfaces, a separator, a suction the supply and discharge channels are made in the stator and the blades are mounted on the rotor, the end edges of the blades facing the stator and the separator surface are polished flush with the contacting surfaces of the rotor and stator, and guides with a semicircular groove profile are made in the stator half-chamber at an angle to the walls of the working chamber, while the half-chamber of the rotor is wider than the half-chamber of the stator to the depth of the groove on each side of the half-chamber, and the rotor and stator are installed in the pump housing using seals, lubricants on the surface contact and the ability to control their pressing forces, while the pump is equipped with a ceramic disk, the surface of which is on the contact side is also polished, and the rotor is installed between the stator and the ceramic disk. 2. The rotor-vortex machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a second similar stator with a separator and a suction and discharge channels, and the rotor includes two rows of vanes, mirror mounted on an impenetrable partition between their bases, the stators with the rotor form two toroidal working chambers, moreover, the end edges of the working blades facing the stator and the surface of the separators are also polished flush with the contacting surfaces, and the discharge channel of the first stator is connected to the suction channel th second stator. 3. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two separators are made in the stator. 4. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cut-off edges of the separator are located at such a distance that no more than two end edges of the blades are in contact with the surface of the separator. 5. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one cassette with sound-absorbing material is installed in the separator. 6. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide grooves in the stator are directed towards the discharge of the medium and make an angle of at least 45 ° with a line perpendicular to the walls of the working chamber. 7. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the blades in the direction of discharge of the medium does not exceed 20 °. 8. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the contact surfaces around the circumference are made recesses for vacuum lubrication with an angle between them of 120-180 °. 9. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working elements are made of aluminum oxide, nitride or silicon carbide. 10. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working elements are made of cermet or ceramic. 11. The rotary vortex machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the seals are made of materials with a high melting point, for example, tin, lead or annealed copper.

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