RU2329421C1 - Motion converter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanisms converting reciprocating motion into rotary one and vice verse and can be used in piston engines, piston compressors and pumps. The converter consists of, at least, two equal-radius cranks. The ledge of one crank fitted on the converter shaft makes an axle of rotation of the second crank with its ledge pivoted to the slider. The said converter incorporates additionally a controlled locking device that, when activated, locks the reciprocating motion allowing the shaft to run.

EFFECT: conversion or variation of the parts motion direction allowing the shaft rotation.

12 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanisms for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion and vice versa and can be used in piston engines, piston pumps and compressors.

Some designs of rodless mechanisms for converting reciprocating motion into rotational and vice versa are known, various versions of which are described and analyzed, in particular, in the monograph by SS Balandin "Rodless piston internal combustion engines", M .: Mashinostroenie, 1972, p. 14 [one]. The practical design was protected by USSR author's certificate No. 118471 [2], which describes a rodless mechanism containing a crankshaft, two support journals of which are located in crank bearings and rod shafts are located in slide bearings.

A technical solution is also known, protected by the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2094679 [3], which describes a rodless mechanism containing a crankshaft having support journals located in the bearings of the cranks and rod necks located in the bearings of the sliders, it is typical that the crankshaft has four supporting necks, arranged in pairs in the bearings of the cranks to prevent distortions of the system.

The fundamental disadvantage of the known rodless mechanisms for converting reciprocating motion into rotational and vice versa is the constructive inability to control the transformation to stop, change the direction of movement of the parts of the mechanism, etc. while maintaining the ability of the shaft to rotate, for example, due to other drives.

The elimination of these shortcomings would provide the possibility of blocking individual mechanisms driven by a single shaft or leading a single shaft, which would significantly expand the scope of the mechanism.

Closest to the claimed invention is the solution described in RF patent No. 2212552 [4], which proposed a modular design of a rodless motor with a star-shaped arrangement of cylinders. Each module consists of two crankcase cylinders fastened with tie bolts. Two pairs of pistons connected by rods are placed in the cylinders, which are mounted in pairs perpendicular to each other. On the cylinders are secured with coupling clamps of the cover for the valve-type gas distribution systems. Each pair of pistons associated with the rods, made in one piece in the form of a rod piston. Rolling bearings of the crankshaft are installed in the crankcase-cylinders and interact with their movable cages with a counterweight of the power mechanism made of two parts. A pair of eccentrics with multidirectional eccentricity and counterweights to them are placed on the rod neck of the crankshaft on sliding bearings. The eccentrics are located in the holes framed by the hub in the middle of the piston rods. Guide for the piston rods are the inner surface of the middle part of the crankcase. The listed components form an engine module, and the engine can be equipped with one or more modules. The engine is equipped with a gearbox, which is placed in a sectional control housing for gas distribution systems and is kinematically connected with them.

Thus, this technical solution provides for the control of motion converters by adding or removing individual blocks of a multi-cylinder engine (as a modular designer) to achieve the required engine power. But such a procedure is possible only in the workshop, requires special equipment and the participation of qualified specialists, which makes the design very inconvenient for practical use, for example, in a car.

In addition, as noted in the monograph [1], when eccentrics are used in such mechanisms, the diameters of rod bearings increase significantly and in this place the sliding speeds of their friction surfaces, as well as the ratio of the diameters of rod bearings to their length. Therefore, mechanisms with eccentrics can most effectively be used only in low power engines with short piston strokes. For other types of engines it is advisable to use cranks.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to, using the well-known principles of designing motion converters, develop the design of a controlled mechanism, i.e. a mechanism capable, in particular, of stopping the transformation or changing the direction of movement of parts while maintaining the ability of the shaft to rotate, for example, due to other drives without the use of eccentrics.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the crank-free mechanism based on cranks is equipped with a device that provides transmission of movement between the elements of rotational and translational motion, and a device capable of blocking the reciprocating motion in one operation mode, in particular, to fix the slider in a fixed position, while maintaining the ability of the shaft to rotate, in the second mode of operation - to provide the above transmission of motion.

The invention consists in the following.

Controlled crank motion converter, i.e. the mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational and vice versa includes at least two cranks having the same radius, the tenon of one crank serving as the axis of rotation of the second crank pivotally connected to the slider, characterized in that it further comprises a controlled locking a device made with the possibility, when activated, to fix the reciprocating drive, in the particular case - by fixing the slide with a mechanical pin-valve or core salt noida while maintaining the possibility of rotation at the shaft.

Further, the invention is illustrated with the use of graphic materials. In figures 1-12, the numbers denote:

1 - crank;

2 - crank;

3 - crank pin 1;

4 - crank spike 2;

5 - slider;

6 - guides;

7 - shaft;

8 - stock;

9 - a piston;

10 - a mechanical element that disables the drive of the reciprocating movement, in the particular case - by fixing the slider;

11 - a connecting shaft with a gear;

12 - cam shaft;

13 - thorn of the slider;

14 - pusher rod.

Cranks 3 and 4 have the same radius, which in figure 1 is indicated by the letter R.

The controlled crank motion transducer (see Figure 1) includes a slider 5, capable of reciprocating movements along the guides 6 and having an articulation with the crank 1. The spike 4 of the crank 2 serves as the axis of rotation of the crank 1. The cranks 1 and 2 have the same radius R. The crank 2 is rigidly mounted on the shaft 7.

The controlled crank motion converter differs from the prototype in that it contains a controlled locking device 10, configured to fix the reciprocating drive in one operation mode, in the particular case by fixing the slide (see figure 4) while maintaining the rotation possibility at the shaft, in the second mode of operation, do not affect the functioning of the slider and, accordingly, the transformation of movement (see figure 2), while the mechanism does not contain eccentrics.

In the present embodiment, the slider 5 and the piston 9 are presented as separate elements connected by a rod 8, however, there are no obstacles for combining them into a single unit that eliminates the rod 8.

In addition, to reduce friction forces and, accordingly, increase the efficiency during the interaction of parts, additional elements can be used, for example, bearings, which replace sliding friction by rolling friction, including when the slide interacts with the guides.

As an example, figures 1-4 depict the mechanism in the vertical position of the piston 9 on the rod 8, but the operation of the mechanism, in particular, is possible in a horizontal position and with opposed pistons.

A characteristic design feature of the controlled crank transducer is the presence of a device designed to disable / enable motion conversion by the mechanism while maintaining the possibility of rotation of the shaft due to other drives, mainly of a similar design.

In this case, the fixing device, and in this example this device, fixing the slider in a fixed position, can work due to the interaction of mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, magnetic elements or their combinations and have a manual, semi-automatic or automatic control system, i.e. drive unit.

As one of the possible embodiments of such a device, figures 2, 4, 7, 8 show a mechanical element 10 capable of fixing the slider in a fixed position.

The figure 1 shows a side view of the mechanism with a cut in the center.

The figure 2 shows a controlled crank transducer, while giving a front view with a cut in the center. In figure 2, the element 10 does not fix the slider 5, and he is able to make reciprocating movements along the guides 6.

The figure 3 shows a section showing the position of the cranks.

Figure 4 also shows a controlled crank motion converter (front view with a cut in the center), but element 10 in this case fixes the slider 5 in a fixed position, however, the crank 2 and, accordingly, the shaft 7 on which it is rigidly fixed (visible in figure 5) retains ability to make rotational movements due to other drives.

The figure 5 shows a side view of the mechanism with a cut in the center in the position when the axis of rotation of the spikes 3 and 4 of the cranks 1 and 2 match.

The controlled crank motion converter shown in figures 1-9, operates as follows.

When converting the reciprocating motion into a rotational reciprocating motion, the slider 5 informs the crank 1 of the rotational motion, the crank 1, rotating around the axis of the stud 3, transfers the rotational motion of the opposite direction to the crank 2. In turn, the crank 2 transmits a rotational movement to the shaft 7.

When converting the rotational motion into the reciprocating rotational motion of the shaft 7, connected with the crank 2, transmits through the spike 3 to the crank 1 a rotational movement opposite to the rotation of the shaft 6 direction. The rotation of the crank 1 relative to the axis of the spike 3 tells the slider 5 reciprocating motion.

As an example, the controlled locking device 10 is configured to, when activated, lock the reciprocating drive by fixing the slider 5. As shown in figure 4, the slider is not able to make reciprocating movements. In this case, the shaft 7 can rotate due to external drives, because this is not prevented by the articulation of the crank 1 and the slider 4.

A controlled locking device, which is shown in FIG. 4 as an example of a mechanical element 10, is capable of fixing a reciprocating drive, in particular in the case of fixing the slide while maintaining the possibility of rotation at the shaft, when the rotation axes of the studs 3 and 4 of cranks 1 and 2 match.

As shown in figures 4 and 5, the slider 5 is not able to perform reciprocating movements. When this shaft 7 can rotate in a swivel between the crank 1 and the slider 5 due to external drives.

Thus, the drive of the reciprocating motion in the controlled crank motion converter can be turned off.

To enable the reciprocating drive, it is necessary that the mechanical element 10 ceases to fix the slider 5, i.e. took a position that does not impede the movement of the slider (see mechanical element 10 in figure 2). In addition, the slider 5 should be informed of the progressive movement, removing it from a static state. Such movement can be reported to the slider due to the action of, for example, gravity in its vertical position, an external drive, for example, using a pusher.

According to the definition given in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the electronic version, M: the scientific publishing house “Big Russian Encyclopedia”, 2002 [5], the pusher is a part that serves to communicate the forward movement to other parts or mechanisms of the machine.

As an example, figure 11 shows the process of removing the slider 5 from a static position using the pusher 12 in the form of a cam shaft. This mechanism works as follows. The cam shaft 12 is able to rotate both clockwise and in the opposite direction due to an external drive (see view 11.1). In this case, the slider 5 is provided with a spike 13, which serves as a counterpart to the cam shaft 5. Rotating counterclockwise, the cam shaft 12 abuts against the spike 13 of the slider 5 (see view 11.2). Since the slider 5 is not fixed, it is informed of the translational movement (see view 11.3), which will be continued due to the interaction of other parts of the motion transducer, which are not visible in figure 11. The cam shaft 12 after communicating to the slider 5 of the translational movement takes a position that does not impede the reciprocating movement of the slider (see view 11.4).

When the cam shaft 12 is rotated clockwise, the reciprocating movement of the opposite direction can be notified to the slider. The options for the operation of the pusher depend on the features of the device, which includes a controlled crank motion converter.

The figure 12 shows the pushers with a working body in the form of a rod 14. The rods 14 are capable of reciprocating due to external drives (see view 12.1). In this case, when communicating to the lower rod 14 of the translational motion, he is able, by touching the lower part of the slider, to inform the translational motion (see view 12.2). The rod 14 after the message to the slider 5 of the translational movement takes a position that does not impede the reciprocating movement of the slider.

Similarly, when the upper rod of the translational motion is communicated to the slider 5, the reciprocating motion of the opposite direction will be notified.

For this embodiment with two pushers, it is characteristic that the rods 14 are able to not only bring the slider 5 out of its static position, but also fix it (see view 12.3). In this case, the pushers, interacting with the slider, simultaneously perform the function of a mechanical lock similar to the mechanical element 10 shown in figures 2, 4, 7, 8.

Thus, using the pushers, it is possible to perform the functions of both fixing the slider to disable the reciprocating drive and the function of removing the slider from a static state, i.e. turning on the corresponding drive.

In this case, the pusher can work due to the interaction of mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, magnetic elements or their combinations and have a manual, semi-automatic or automatic control system.

Turning on the reciprocating drive, as well as turning it off should occur when the axis of rotation of the spikes 3 and 4 of the cranks 1 and 2 coincide (see, for example, figure 5).

To ensure centering of the crank axes, the mechanical locking element may have a more complex cross-sectional shape, for example, having a chamfer on the inner surface of that part of the locking element that first comes into contact with the slider when it is fixed. The slider can also be equipped with similar counter chamfers. In addition, wedge-shaped or conical surfaces, which allow to obtain the necessary accuracy of the joints with increased tolerances of the parts or their wear during operation, can also be used in the design of the fixing element. An example of fixing the slider by means of the wedge-shaped surfaces of the mechanical element 10 is depicted in figure 10.

It should be noted that in the mechanism depicted in figures 1-5, the slider 5 during the movement conversion intersects the axis of rotation of the shaft 7, which complicates the sequential installation of these mechanisms, for example in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. To solve this problem, a connecting shaft can be used that fixes the position of the cranks with gears, similar to the solution used in an engine protected by copyright certificate [2]. There can be several such shafts, and they can connect separate motion converters.

Similarly to a gear train, other types of gears can be used for this purpose, for example a chain gear, a worm gear, a belt gear, including a gear belt gear, a friction gear, etc.

The details of the above mechanical gears can be integral with the shaft or have a detachable connection with the shaft, eliminating the possibility of their rotation relative to the shaft, such as a key or splined connection. In addition, to exclude the possibility of rotation of these parts, a shaft with a cross-section other than round can be used. For example, the shaft may be square in cross-section or have a more complex cross-sectional shape.

As an example, figure 6 shows a controlled crank motion converter with a connecting shaft 11, which is connected to the crank 2 by a gear transmission. View from the side with a slit in the center.

The figure 7 shows a controlled crank transducer with a connecting shaft 11, a front view with a cut in the center. In this case, the element 10 does not fix the slider 5, and he is able to make reciprocating movements along the guides 6.

Figure 8 also shows a controlled crank motion converter with a connecting shaft 11 (front view with a cut in the center), but the element 10 in this case fixes the slider 5 in a fixed position, but the cranks 1 and 2 and, accordingly, the shafts 7 and 11 retain the ability to rotate movements due to other drives.

Other similar devices for joint drive of the shaft (for example, in an internal combustion engine) or removal of power from it (for example, in a pump) can be similarly connected to the connecting shaft 11. Moreover, in the mechanism shown in FIG. 7, power can be removed or applied through the shaft 7 or the shaft 11. Thus, piston machines and, in particular, piston engines with turn-off cylinders can be created.

In the illustrative example shown in figure 7, the shaft 11 is located in the lower part of the mechanism, however, there are no obstacles for its location above and away from the slide. Such a solution may be necessary when using opposed pistons.

In addition, to avoid distortions in the details of the controlled crank motion sensor, the solution shown in figure 9 can be applied. In this device, two cranks 1 connected by a common spike form a crankshaft, the end necks of which are the spikes of cranks 2, rigidly mounted on the shafts 7 A pair of cranks 1 (crankshaft) has a swivel connection with the slider 5. The mechanism has a connecting shaft 11, which by means of gears secures the position of the cranks 2 relative to each other. This controllable crank transducer is characterized in that it comprises a controllable locking device 10, configured to fix the reciprocating drive in one operation mode, in the particular case by fixing the slide (see figure 8) while maintaining rotation on the shaft, in the second mode of operation - do not affect the functioning of the slider and, accordingly, the conversion of motion (see figure 7), and the mechanism does not contain eccentrics.

For the device shown in figure 9, the left side view with a cut in the center is also shown in figure 7.

It should be noted that the mechanisms depicted as an example in figures 6-9 have a crank 2 in the form of a gear, however, the gear can be mounted on the shaft 7 separately from the crank, and the crank 2 may have the shape of a lever similar to crank 1.

Another technical solution that can be applied to avoid distortion in the details of a controlled crank motion converter without using a connecting shaft and gear transmission can be an increase in the number of crank support journals; this technical solution is described in detail in the patent description [3].

As can be seen from the above description, the inventive controlled crank motion converter can be manufactured on an existing production base.

A fundamentally new element that distinguishes the claimed design from analogues and prototype is the lack of eccentrics and the ability to control the conversion of motion to stop or change the direction of movement of the parts of the mechanism while maintaining the shaft's ability to rotate, for example, due to other drives. That makes it possible, for example, to lock and connect individual mechanisms driven by a single shaft or leading a single shaft.

Drive i.e. the control system of the locking device of the converter can be manual, semi-automatic and automatic, built, for example, using microprocessor technologies. It seems appropriate when using a controlled motion converter, for example in a piston engine, so that the motion converter control device has control logically interconnected with the operation of other piston engine or vehicle systems in which the engine is installed as a drive.

At the same time, a technical diagnostic system can be built into a controlled crank motion transducer to detect and localize defects in mechanism parts, to predict possible deviations in their operating modes or conditions. The diagnostic system is preferably constructed using microprocessor technology and measuring transducers, i.e. sensors of various nature.

At the same time, there are no obstacles to the organization of control and diagnostics of both the motion transducer and the piston engine through a telecommunication system using information technology.

As noted in [1], "the constructed rodless motors compared to similar crank motors of equal power have several times smaller dimensions", therefore, it is possible, using the claimed invention, to create an engine by minimizing one of its three dimensions: or height , or length, or width. Thus, it is possible to create, for example, a flat engine, which could be placed, for example, under the bottom of the car.

We also note that the controlled motion converter of the claimed design can be applied, for example:

- in piston engines, by turning the motion conversion off and on, using individual mechanisms, the number of working pistons can be changed, thereby changing other characteristics of the engine, for example, its power. Thus, it becomes possible to create unified engines for various classes of vehicles;

- in piston pumps and compressors for changing performance when working from a single rotation drive, for example from one engine;

- in woodworking and metalworking machines in order to be able to turn off individual cutting tools while maintaining the rotation of the drive shaft in order to change the processing method of the workpiece, for example, to drive cutters in plywood machines, drive sawmills, drive mortising machines;

- in agricultural equipment as a drive with the ability to disable mechanisms for working bodies. For example, in a feed briquetter, this mechanism can be used to drive the stamp of briquette chambers;

- in the equipment of the textile industry to drive the mechanisms of material formation, for example, to turn off the looms of the loom that are not used in the work;

- to drive the working bodies of machines used in mining, for example, to drive a bar in cutting machines;

- in hydraulic and pneumatic drives of machines, hydraulic and pneumatic engines, in energy conversion devices, for example, for removing power from the pistons of a machine that converts the energy of a fluid flow into the mechanical energy of a driven unit such as a shaft or rod;

- in the forging industry for the drive of the working bodies of machines, for example, for drives of dies of a crank press, with the possibility of disconnecting individual drives.

It should also be noted that in the experimental samples of the claimed device in some cases there was an effect of instability of the motion conversion, which was expressed in the fact that during the operation of the mechanism when the reciprocating drive is turned on at the moment when the axis of rotation of the spikes 3 and 4 of the cranks 1 and 2 coincide, there was a probability of unpredictable continuation of the movement of the cranks, namely, after passing the coincidence point of the axes, in particular, spontaneous shutdown of the motion conversion was noted with the mechanical element 10 disabled. In order to overcome such moments of uncertainty that can be regarded as parasitic phenomena, it is advisable to include additional mechanical connections of a known design imposing certain restrictions, for example, allowing the rotation of cranks 1 and 2 only in mutually opposite directions when the motion is not fixed reciprocating drive (see figure 13). Accordingly, when fixing the reciprocating drive, i.e. activation element 10, such communications (hereinafter referred to as the "limiter") should be disabled and not impede the rotation of the cranks 1 and 2 in the same direction. Structurally, such a limiter is made of well-known elements, for example, in the form of a carriage (not shown in figure 13) or an additional stud 132, rigidly mounted on the crank 1 and capable of moving along the guide surface 133, at the moment of coincidence of the axes of the cranks 1 and 2 to allow rotation of the crank 1 only in the direction opposite to the rotation of the crank 2. Accordingly, if it is necessary to turn off the motion conversion, the restrictions imposed by the guide surface 133 should be eliminated, for example by place the guide surface 133 and bring it out of contact with the carriage or spike 132.

The figure 13 shows one of the possible options for embedding such a limiter, where the guide surface 133 through the additional spike 132 (or carriage) prevents the crank 1 from turning clockwise.

Cranks are in the position when the axes of their spikes coincide. The slider 5 in figure 13 is not shown, but the direction of its movement is indicated by arrow 131. The guide surface 133 can move (for example, left or right) and out of contact with the additional spike 132.

The above examples of the implementation of the claimed invention are given by way of illustration, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that protection is also claimed for other embodiments providing for the addition or replacement of individual elements of the mechanism, insofar as such protection does not exceed the scope of the invention in the claims , in the description and drawings.

Claims (12)

1. A motion converter from reciprocating to rotary and vice versa, comprising at least two cranks having the same radius, the tenon of one crank serving as the axis of rotation of the second crank, the tenon of which is in turn pivotally connected to the slider, different the fact that it additionally contains a controlled locking device made with the possibility, when activated, to fix the reciprocating drive while maintaining the possibility of rotation of the shaft. 2. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one crank is connected via a gear to the shaft. 3. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one crank is connected via a chain transmission to the shaft. 4. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one crank is connected via a worm gear to the shaft. 5. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one crank is connected via a belt drive to a shaft. 6. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one crank is connected via a friction gear to the shaft. 7. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a pusher with an external drive to enable the slider to be brought out of its static position when the reciprocating drive is not locked. 8. The Converter according to any one of paragraphs.2-7, characterized in that the mechanical transmission parts have a detachable connection with the shaft, eliminating the possibility of their rotation relative to the shaft. 9. The Converter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the controlled locking device is made in the form of a mechanical lock type pin-gate valve. 10. The Converter according to claim 9, characterized in that the valve parts that come into contact with the slider, as well as the reciprocal part of the slide, are provided with a chamfer that provides more smooth and accurate positioning of the parts. 11. The Converter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the controlled locking device is made in the form of a solenoid with a core that performs the function of a valve. 12. The Converter according to claim 11, characterized in that the valve parts that come into contact with the slider, as well as the reciprocal part of the slide, are provided with a chamfer that provides more smooth and accurate positioning of the parts.

Images