RU2327266C1 - Indoor wiring set - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: it is used in wiring in apartment houses and public buildings and ensures higher reliability, fire safety, simple and mobile servicing. The indoor wiring set comprises a power box, an apartment board, fasteners and wire. The terminal panel with terminal boxes is arranged between the apartment board and fasteners connected by a three-conductor wire to every fastener. To one side of the terminal boxes are wired from the apartment board either a phase, or a ground or a zero wire, while on the other side of the said box, separate conductors of the three-conductor wire are connected thereto creating a circuit for illumination or sockets. The above separate conductors may be connected to various terminal boxes.

EFFECT: higher reliability, fire safety, simple and mobile servicing.

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Description

The wiring diagram of the electrical wires inside the building relates to electrical products and is used in the construction of consumer electricity in residential and public buildings, as well as in administrative buildings of industrial facilities.

The well-known "Elements of installation of wiring nodes in buildings of modern designs" according to the book by A. F. Kitorov "Industrial training for electricians in lighting, lighting and power networks and electrical equipment", M., "Higher School, 1984, p. 105, Fig. 27, where the pairing of the wiring nodes embedded in the wall panels is shown, the general view of the wiring, the wiring to the fixtures, the place of pairing of the wiring of adjacent panels, the connection of the wires in the wiring box.

In the generally accepted wiring diagram in the residential part of the house, it is necessary to create separate circuits for lighting and separate circuits for outlets. Connections and wiring are made in special boxes, which are installed in each circuit separately. Boxes are installed in walls, wooden floors, etc., while not always in a convenient place for installation. Despite the fact that they meet fire requirements, technical standards, there is always the possibility of breaking and loosening the connections inside the box, and therefore can lead to disruption of the circuit itself and to a fire hazard situation.

The standard installation scheme, having many electrical installation boxes in the residential part of the room, provides for free access to them, which in turn spoils the appearance of the walls, ceiling of the room (all kinds of hatches, clippings, grilles, etc.). And in the case of a complete termination of access to the electrical installation box, relying on their reliability, in case of violations, you have to open the surface, get to the box, while destroying expensive repairs.

Known "Wiring box" according to patent RU 2110876 from 1994.08.25, publ. 1998.05.10, MPK6 H02G 3/10, H02G 3/14, which contains a prismatic case with elements of a wall installation and branches of electrical wires and a cover detachably connected by means of elastically latched elements made with them in one piece and located in the middle of the mating walls.

The interacting elastically snap-on elements have a triangular section, are located on the mating surfaces of the edges of the walls of the housing and the cover along their perimeter with a gap in the zones of increased rigidity at the corners and are made either in the form of protrusions, or in the form of protrusions and reciprocal depressions.

Such prefabricated compounds are usually used for protective, null, etc. wires of the same potential in industrial switchgears, in home switchboards, etc.

Branch boxes are necessary so that the main lines coming from the switchboard are divided into groups, outlets or lighting. Further, group lines lead into boxes, but now connecting cables, into which wires from light bulbs with their switches also come. Both in the one and the other boxes carry out the corresponding connections and exclusions.

In the process of designing the installation diagrams for a particular room, all future electricity needs are taken into account and broken down by capacities and phases, in order to avoid phase distortions during operation, i.e. along the lines.

But since it is difficult to predict completely future consumption during design, distortions still arise. For example, when some wiring products, in certain rooms connected to one phase, are constantly in operation and at full capacity, and the need for other wiring products in other rooms, powered from another phase, completely disappears. In this case, in order to equalize the energy consumption, it is necessary to carry out phase switching, i.e. make the necessary switching. In boxes, such switching is impossible due to the fact that only one potential is always connected to the box.

Access to these boxes should always be open for repairs. Therefore, when drafting the wiring diagram, especially for private buildings, the specialist must take into account the wishes of the customer regarding the location of these same installation boxes. Since the customer himself does not always know how and with what building materials the decoration of rooms and rooms will be made, it is not always possible to coordinate and foresee the location of the boxes.

Access to junction boxes must be masked for decoration, hidden in hatches, cuts, etc., which often does not harmonize with the general internal aesthetic appearance of the premises. As a rule, the customer requires to completely close up all existing boxes, relying on their reliability. In this case, the fire hazard increases several times.

Practice shows that in the process of operation, sooner or later inevitably there is a need to get and open a box. In this case, you have to break something, spoil the expensive repairs in the apartment.

Switching of wires in boxes, as a rule, is carried out both on terminal blocks, and twisting. Modern terminal blocks for wiring are made of translucent or colored plastic.

Fastening the wires in the junction and junction boxes is a very responsible matter, because poor contact is not as noticeable here as in a socket or switch, which are always in our attention, and troubles can appear too late. There may always be a need to urgently open the junction box, so this should be borne in mind when arranging and rearranging furniture, placing paintings, household utensils and everything else.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed one is the wiring diagram of electric wires inside the building according to the book "Electricity at home and in the country", Minsk, "Modern School", 2006, p. 53 (Fig. 4) for a single-family residential building, containing: power box, apartment shield, single or double lamp fixture, socket with protective contact, single-pole hermetic switch, socket without protective contact, police lamp, push button switch (button) for ringing, bell, single pole switch, sd oenny switch mnogolampovy light with separate switching lamp socket with a switch.

This wiring diagram is typical. The input is fed to a power box installed in a special room (switchboard), from which power is supplied to the apartment panel, it is also installed either right there in the switchboard or in a designated fireproof place, next to the apartment. And directly from it, they already feed their lines into electrical installation boxes in different rooms. In the rooms of the line, with the help of wiring boxes, they are divided into groups according to capacities and by phases, and the power is supplied directly to the bulbs and sockets.

This wiring diagram with wiring boxes is now used by all wiring organizations, for any premises, and the disadvantages and disadvantages described above arise.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase reliability, ensure maximum fire safety, preserve the integrity of the interior decoration, simplify and mobility of service, reduce the size and expand the scope.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the wiring diagram of the electrical wires inside the building contains a power box, an apartment panel, wiring products, a wire, while between the apartment panel and wiring products there is an additional terminal board with terminals connected to each wiring device with each wiring device, to each of which, on the one hand, either a phase, or grounding, or zero are connected from the apartment panel, and on the other hand, they are connected to the terminal blocks, with the possibility of switching with a terminal block on the other, individual cores of three-core wire, creating a circuit for lighting or outlets.

Supplementing the wiring diagram of the electrical wires inside the building with a terminal board with terminal blocks located between the apartment panel and wiring accessories, and connecting it with a three-wire wire to each wiring device makes the connection universal and allows, by choosing combinations of connecting to individual terminals, powered either from phase or ground or zero, individual veins of a three-wire wire, create a circuit for lighting or for outlets.

This scheme of connecting the terminal board to the apartment panel on one side and connecting it with a three-wire cable to each wiring device with the possibility of switching from one terminal block to another allows mobility of the transformation of the circuit at any time during operation, reconnecting individual wires of the three-wire wire and replacing wiring products one type of consumption to another.

It is enough to go into the switchboard room, open the terminal board and make a new connection.

Making all the connections of the circuits, including for lighting and sockets in an additional terminal board, in the terminals of which both the circuits are installed and wired, allows you to place it in a specially designated fireproof room isolated from the residential part of the house, in an electrical panel in accordance with protection standards the chains themselves.

In our technical solution, the executors of the work have the opportunity to make the required changes to the wiring diagrams when changing the purpose of the connections, even after finishing the work, by switching in the terminal board, easily changing the initial circuit at the request of the customer.

Such a scheme allows you to replace all wiring boxes located in several places, under the decorative finish of walls and ceilings in residential premises, with a single terminal board located outside the living room, with free access for reconnection, which in turn allows without breaking the decorative finish without touching the entire wiring, change the purpose of the connections, makes it possible to differentiate more lines with the simultaneous allocation of protective circuits and the ability to change the out-of-phase of these lines during operation in order to avoid any distortion, if the customer unexpectedly changes the load on any line.

In the proposed wiring diagram, the need for the use of junction and junction boxes and their installation and the creation with their help of concrete, unchanged after the installation of the circuits for lighting and sockets is completely eliminated.

The technical result consists in the mobility of transforming the circuit at any time during installation and operation when replacing the purpose of the connections themselves, without opening the wiring, which is ensured by an additional terminal board with terminal blocks, connected with the possibility of switching from one terminal block to another with a three-wire cable with all wiring accessories .

The drawings show the wiring diagram of the electrical wires inside the building, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the connection of all the wires to the terminal board, Figs. 2 and 3 show a detailed switching diagram in the terminal board when replacing wiring products.

The wiring diagram of the electrical wires inside the building contains: a power box 1, an apartment shield 2, a single or double lamp 3, a socket with a protective contact 4, a single-pole hermetic switch 5, a socket without a protective contact 6, a police lamp 7, a push button switch (button ) for bell 8, bell 9, single-pole switch 10, dual switch 11, multi-tube lamp 12 with separate switching on of lamps, socket with switch 13, terminal board 14, winders 15, terminal blocks 16, phase 17 input, input d ground 18, the ground supply 19, switch 20, circuit 21 for lighting, circuit for outlets 22, 23, a three-core wire.

The wiring diagram of the electrical wires inside the building is as follows. An apartment shield 2 is connected to the power box 1. Between the electrical installation products 3-13, 20, a terminal board 14 is additionally connected, which is made in a fireproof housing (not shown) and placed in an accessible place.

During installation, all the wires 23 from each wiring device (all kinds of switches, switches, bulbs, lamps, chandeliers, sockets, etc.) are directly fed directly to the terminal board 14. And everything is powered directly on it, broken down into phases, allocated lines, groups and all necessary exceptions are made.

The size of the terminal board can be different, depending on the number of 15 dinrecs placed in it. The terminal blocks 16, in turn, are equipped with terminal blocks 16, the number of which must be selected with a margin in order to make all the new commutation (exceptions) that arose and was installed later. Installation between the terminal board and wiring products 3-13, 20 is made in the form of a separate circuit for each wiring product from a three-wire wire 23.

Phase 17 is supplied, ground connection 18, zero supply 19 is made from the apartment panel 2 to different terminals 16, to which, on the other hand, individual wires of the three-wire wire are connected 23. The purpose of the circuit for lighting or sockets is determined by connecting two or three wires of the wire 23 to certain terminals powered by phase 17, ground 18 or zero 19.

The supply of electric power input with an additional terminal board 14 allows reconnecting the connections when there is a need to replace wiring products in the rooms, which are shown in FIGS. 2, 3.

Figure 2, 3 shows an example of a wiring diagram, where phase 17 is connected, ground connection 18, zero supply 19 to individual terminals, to which, on the other hand, individual wires of a three-wire wire 23 are connected to create separate circuits for lighting 21 and for sockets 22 .

Figure 2 gives an example of connecting sockets 4 in the circuit 22 and connecting the bulb 3 with the switch 5 in the lighting circuit 21, wire 23.

Figure 3 shows an example of a change in the installation products of the switch 5 to the switch 20 and the socket 4 to the switch 20, wire 23.

All three ends of the three-wire wire 23 are connected to the corresponding switches 20. In the terminal board 14, the appropriate switches are made, according to the “light control from two places” scheme, for this it is necessary to remove the unnecessary jumper and to transfer several core wires from one terminal to another.

In this case, no interference with the interior of the house! It is enough to replace and set the switches to the same existing places and make the necessary switches in the terminal board. This process shows the distinctive advantage of the proposed wiring diagram from the traditional one.

In this case, in the residential part of the building there are no connections in the electrical boxes, which ensures fire safety of such a room. Reliability also lies in the fact that violations and breakdown of the wire in the area where there are no connections are negligible and are practically reduced to zero.

Claims (1)

The wiring diagram of the electrical wires inside the building contains a power box, an apartment shield, electrical installation products, a wire, characterized in that between the apartment panel and electrical installation products an additional terminal board is connected with each electrical installation cable with terminal blocks, to each of which, on the one hand , either a phase, or grounding, or zero are connected from the apartment panel, and on the other hand, they are connected to the terminal blocks with the possibility of switching from one terminal to another three-wire conductor wires that create contours for lighting or for outlets.

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