RU2326157C2 - Fuel compound - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry; fuel.

SUBSTANCE: compound can be used for obtaining high-octane petrol. The compound can be used as an antiknock additive, consisting of 4-methyl-2,4-biphenyl-pentyl-ferrocene with percentage mass component of 0.032 - 0.12%. The preferred mass component is up to 0.042 %.

EFFECT: improved antiknock properties.

2 cl, 4 tbl

Description

This invention relates to fuel compositions based on gasoline with the addition of antiknock additives and can be used in the preparation of high-octane gasolines.

A gasoline-based fuel composition is known containing thio-bis- (alkylphenol-phenolates) transition metals, for example cobalt, iron, as an antiknock additive (US 4536192, 08.20.1985, C10L 1/30).

A disadvantage of the known composition is a slight increase in the octane number of the base, i.e. only 0.4-2 points.

Closer to the proposed fuel composition in essence and the achieved result is a composition based on gasoline containing ferrocene (Fc) and its alkyl derivatives with the addition of carboxylic acids and their esters, as well as non-volatile polar compounds as antiknock additives (US 4525174, 06.25.1985 as well as US 4,525,174, 04.24.1985, C10L 1/18).

The disadvantage of this composition is the complexity of preparation and the complex composition of chemical products, the use of large amounts of environmentally harmful products, as well as the possibility of use only at sufficiently high octane numbers of gasoline and the inability to use in low-octane gasolines.

The aim of the claimed invention is to expand the range of gasolines used as a base, as well as ensuring environmental safety.

The goal is achieved by a gasoline-based fuel composition with the addition of 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentylferrocene (MFFP) as an antiknock additive in an amount of 0.032-0.12 wt.%, Preferably up to 0.042 wt.%.

The use of MFFPF as an antiknock additive is effective in that the introduction of an isostructural substituent containing alkyl aromatic radicals into the ferrocene formula, on the one hand, due to an increase in the molecular weight of the compound itself (421 units), allows to reduce the iron content by almost 2.5 times compared with ferrocene. In particular, MFFPF, as well as in the Ferrocene, contains 56 units. iron, but the molecular weight of ferrocene is equal to 186 units, i.e. 2.5 times less.

On the other hand, this makes it possible to increase the total consumption of the compound itself to achieve the goal, i.e. to increase the octane number of fuel.

When using large quantities of ferrocene, serious problems arise associated with the deposition of metal and its oxides in the combustion chamber on the surfaces of valves and spark plugs during fuel combustion, which thereby leads to disruption of their operation, overload and corrosion, surface ignition, and ultimately , to the deterioration of power and economic characteristics of the engine, its premature failure.

Thus, with an allowable iron norm of 37 mg / l, an increase in the concentration of 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentylferrocene by almost 2.5 times is possible.

In addition, the proposed additive can be used in gasolines with various octane numbers equal to from 65 to 92.

The proposed additive also has excellent solubility in various organic solvents.

The method of obtaining 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentylferrocene. To a mixture of 1.76 g (0.1 mmol) of ferrocene and 2.16 g (0.1 mmol) of di-alpha-methylstyrene, cooled to minus 13-15 ° C, H ₂ SO _{4 is} added over 20 minutes. Then the temperature of the mixture is slowly raised to 25 ° C and stirred for 1 hour. Then the reaction mixture was poured into a 10% aqueous solution of NaHCO ₃ and extracted with petroleum ether (3x40 ml). The extract was evaporated to give 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentylferrocene in 70.8% yield (based on ferrocene). Gross formula C ₂₈ H ₃₀ Fe. The molecular weight of 422. T. melting 68-69 ° C. The results of elemental analysis: calculated C - 79.6, H - 7.1, Fe - 13.3; found C, 79.1; H, 7.3; Fe, 13.6. The structural formula of the synthesized compound C ₅ H ₅ FeC ₅ H ₄ CCH ₃ (Ph) CH ₂ C (Pb) (CH ₃ ) ₂

The antiknock ability (continuity) of 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentylferrocene and ferrocene in various grades of gasoline is shown in Table 1.

Table 2 shows the optimal concentration of using MFFPF to obtain standard gasolines.

Table 3 shows the results of tests MZHFPF.

Table 4 shows the comparative characteristics of ferrocene and MFFPF in various grades of gasoline and organic solvents.

As can be seen from the presented results, MZHFPP surpasses ferrocene in antiknock properties, it is almost 8-40 times better soluble in gasolines and 2-50 times in organic solvents.

Table 1
Continuity of Fe and MDFPF to various gasoline brands Brands of gasoline Concentrations at the lower limit of tolerance, wt.% Concentrations at the upper limit of tolerance, wt.% Continuity in% lower limit upper limit Fe MDFPF Fe MDFPF Fe MDFPF Fe MDFPF Straight-Run Fraction 35-180 ° С with ОЧ 65 0.0124 0,0320 0.0186 0.0421 one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred Stable gasoline with OCH 64 0.0150 0,0380 0.0220 0,0365 80 86 58 84 Gasoline A-80 0.0250 0,0390 0,0310 0,0370 88 fifty 34 86 AI-82 gasoline 0,0310 0,0400 0,0370 0,0390 32 89 31 88 AI-83 gasoline 0,0550 0.0420 0.680 0.0480 24 92 28 92

table 2
The optimal concentration of MDFP used to obtain standard grades of gasoline No. Brands of gasoline The number of MDFPF, wt.% Marks of gasolines after adding MDPF one Straight-run gasoline with OCh 65 0.0420 A-80 2 Stable gasoline with OCH 64 0,0380 A-80 3 Gasoline with OCh A-80 (IM) 0,0320 AI-82 four Gasoline with OCH AI-82 (IM) 0.0420 AI-85

Table 3
Test results of fuel anti-knock additives based on monoalkyl substituted ferrocene - 4-methyl-2.4-diphenylpentylferrocene Name of indicator Straight run fraction 35-180 ° С Gasoline A-76 AI-92 gasoline Source 0.032% sample-1 source 0.043% sample-2 source 0.12% sample-3 Knock resistance Octane number by motor methods 65,2 Research Octane - - - - Fractional composition: Distillation start temperature, ° С 34 32 29th 29th 34 34 10% of gasoline is distilled at a temperature, ° C 52 52 55 55 72 72 50% of gasoline is distilled at a temperature, ° C 95 95 105 108 115 117 90% of gasoline is distilled at a temperature, ° C 140 140 105 168 180 180 end of boiling, C 170 170 200 200 204 204 the remainder in the flask, vol.% one one 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 balance and losses, vol.% 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2.2 2.2 Saturated vapor pressure of gasoline mm Hg 585 580 620 620 420 420 Acidity mg KOH per 100 cm ³ gasoline 0.05 0.05 0,07 0,07 0,03 0,03 The actual resin content, mg per 100 cm ³ 2.1 2.1 2,4 2,4 1.9 1.9 Induction period, min above 900 above 900 above 900 above 900 above 900 above 900 Copper plate test exposure exposure exposure exposure exposure exposure Solids and water lack of lack of lack of lack of absent lack of

Table 4
Comparative solubility of ferrocene and MDPPF in various grades of gasoline and other solvents, wt.% Gasoline grades, gasoline fractions, organic solvents MDFPF Dissolution temperatures Fe MDFPF 20 ° C 40 ° C 60 ° C 80 ° C min max min max Fe MDFPF Fe MDFPF Fe MDFPF Fe MDFPF Stable gasoline with OCH 64 27 42 135 160 27 140 thirty 142 33 155 42 160 with OCH 69 27 44 166 195 27 166 29th 171 thirty 188 44 195 Straightforward fraction. gasoline 17 25 172 205 17 172 twenty 185 23 198 25 205 with OCH 54 17 25 175 210 17 175 19 189 24 198 25 210 Gasoline with OCH 70 22 thirty 220 250 22 220 26 230 28 242 thirty 220 Base gasoline with OCh 76 26 38 350 420 26 350 29th 375 36 395 38 350 Gasoline with OCH 80 31 44 550 780 31 550 34 640 40 710 44 780 Gasoline with OCH 83 33 55 780 890 33 780 40 870 48 895 55 890 Acetone 55 120 1250 1530 55 120 120 1250 Ethanol 25 39 780 890 25 780 39 890 Isopropanol + 86% 29th 42 675 855 29th 675 40 855 water twenty 38 670 850 twenty 670 38 670

Claims (2)

1. A fuel composition based on gasoline with the addition of an antiknock additive, characterized in that it contains 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentylferrocene in an amount of 0.032-0.12 wt.% As an antiknock additive. 2. A fuel composition based on gasoline according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additive in an amount of up to 0.042 wt.%.